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Computing and Technology Ethics [Hardback]

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  • Formāts: Hardback, 464 pages, height x width: 229x203 mm
  • Izdošanas datums: 14-Feb-2023
  • Izdevniecība: MIT Press
  • ISBN-10: 026204806X
  • ISBN-13: 9780262048064
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Computing and Technology EthicsPalielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 464 pages, height x width: 229x203 mm
  • Izdošanas datums: 14-Feb-2023
  • Izdevniecība: MIT Press
  • ISBN-10: 026204806X
  • ISBN-13: 9780262048064
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780262048064.html
Keywords:
"Provides a comprehensive introduction to ethical frameworks and of many of the modern issues arising in technology ethics including computing, privacy, artificial intelligence, and more"--

A new approach to teaching computing and technology ethics using science fiction stories.

Should autonomous weapons be legal? Will we be cared for by robots in our old age? Does the efficiency of online banking outweigh the risk of theft? From communication to travel to medical care, computing technologies have transformed our daily lives, for better and for worse. But how do we know when a new development comes at too high a cost? Using science fiction stories as case studies of ethical ambiguity, this engaging textbook offers a comprehensive introduction to ethical theory and its application to contemporary developments in technology and computer science. 

Computing and Technology Ethics: Engaging through Science Fiction first introduces the major ethical frameworks: deontology, utilitarianism, virtue ethics, communitarianism, and the modern responses of responsibility ethics, feminist ethics, and capability ethics. It then applies these frameworks to many of the modern issues arising in technology ethics including privacy, computing, and artificial intelligence. A corresponding anthology of science fiction brings these quandaries to life and challenges students to ask ethical questions of themselves and their work. 

  • Uses science fiction case studies to make ethics education engaging and fun 
  • Trains students to recognize, evaluate, and respond to ethical problems as they arise
  • Features anthology of short stories from internationally acclaimed writers including Ken Liu, Elizabeth Bear, Paolo Bacigalupi, and T. C. Boyle to animate ethical challenges in computing technology 
  • Written by interdisciplinary author team of computer scientists and ethical theorists
  • Includes a robust suite of instructor resources, such as pedagogy guides, story frames, and reflection questions
Acknowledgments xvii
PART ONE Textbook
Chapter 1 Why Ethics? Why Science Fiction?
3(22)
Learning Objectives
3(1)
1.1 Introduction
3(3)
Sidebar: This Is a Sidebar!
5(1)
1.2 What Does It Mean to Say, "Is It Ethical "?
6(2)
1.3 Why Study Ethics?
8(4)
1.3.1 Basic/Perennial Problems in Ethics
9(2)
1.3.2 Self-Interest and Ethical Living: Can You Do Both at Once?
11(1)
Sidebar: Ethics and Morality--What's the Difference?
12(1)
1.4 Why Think about Technology and Ethics Together?
12(4)
1.4.1 How Have Recent Advances in Technology Changed the Conditions for Ethics?
13(1)
1.4.2 Why Should Computing Professionals Study Ethics?
14(2)
1.5 Why Use Science Fiction to Study Ethics?
16(3)
Story Point: "Apologia"
18(1)
Vajra Chandrasekera
1.6 Professional Ethics and Guidelines
19(1)
1.7 Thinking with Ethical Frameworks
20(1)
1.8 Life after Ethics Class
20(1)
1.9 The Rest of This Book
21(4)
Reflection Questions
22(1)
References Cited in This
Chapter
23(2)
Chapter 2 Ethical Frameworks
25(74)
Learning Objectives
25(1)
2.1 Introduction
25(5)
2.1.1 Multiple Frameworks
27(2)
2.1.2 Limited Frames
29(1)
2.1.3 How to Read This
Chapter
29(1)
2.2 Deontology
30(13)
2.2.1 Overview of Deontology
30(3)
2.2.2 Deontic Forms of Authority and Traditions
33(1)
Political Authority
33(1)
Divine Authority
34(1)
Sidebar: Obligations and Prohibitions
34(1)
The Authority of Human Reason
35(1)
2.2.3 Kantian Deontology
36(2)
2.2.4 Principles in Practice
38(1)
2.2.5 Modalities for Judgment
38(1)
How Fundamental Is It?
39(1)
How Relevant Is It?
39(1)
Sidebar: Prioritizing the Right over the Good
40(1)
2.2.6 Strengths and Weaknesses of Deontology: It's Not All about Rules
40(2)
Sidebar: The Challenges of Deontology and Artificial Intelligence
42(1)
Story Point: "Dolly"
43(1)
Elizabeth Bear
2.3 Virtue Ethics
43(12)
2.3.1 Overview of Virtue Ethics
43(1)
2.3.2 What Are Virtues?
44(1)
2.3.3 Confucian Virtue Ethics
45(1)
2.3.4 Aristotelian Virtue Ethics
46(1)
2.3.5 Appetites, Desires, and Virtuousness
47(1)
2.3.6 Habituation: Developing Virtue
48(1)
2.3.7 How the Virtues Work in Tandem
49(1)
2.3.8 Modalities for Judgment
50(1)
Practical Wisdom
50(1)
Finding the Mean
51(1)
Sidebar: Aristotelian Virtues as a Mean between Vices
52(1)
2.3.9 Strengths and Weaknesses of Virtue Ethics: Flourishing Is Easy (Once You're There)
52(2)
Sidebar: Understanding Virtue Ethics through Role-Playing Games
54(1)
Story Point: "The Gambler"
54(1)
Paolo Bacigalupi
2.4 Communitarianism
55(13)
2.4.1 Overview of Communitarianism
55(2)
2.4.2 Sources of Communitarian Ethics
57(2)
2.4.3 Person, Community, and World: Sub-Saharan Metaphysics
59(1)
Sidebar: The Role of Religion in Sub-Saharan Communitarian Thought
60(1)
2.4.4 Self-Realization in Sub-Saharan Communitarianism
61(2)
Sidebar: Agent-Centered vs. Patient-Centered Personhood 62 2.4.5 Ubuntu
63(1)
2.4.6 Yoruba Communitarianism
64(1)
2.4.7 Is the Community an Intrinsic Good or an Instrumental One?
64(1)
2.4.8 Modalities for Judgment
65(1)
The Consensus Principle
65(1)
The Principle of Building Community
66(1)
The Principle of Peace/Rehabilitation
66(1)
2.4.9 Strengths and Weaknesses of Communitarianism: Tensions with the Liberal Tradition
66(1)
Story Point: "The Regression Test"
67(1)
Wole Talabi
2.5 Utilitarianism
68(11)
2.5.1 Overview of Utilitarianism
68(2)
2.5.2 Classical Utilitarianism
70(1)
2.5.3 Preference Utilitarianism
71(1)
2.5.4 Voluntary Action
72(1)
2.5.5 Modalities for Judgment
73(1)
The "Who"
74(1)
The "What"
75(1)
The "When"
75(1)
2.5.6 Calculating Good Outcomes
76(1)
2.5.7 Strengths and Weaknesses of Utilitarianism: Does Everyone Really Count as One?
76(1)
Sidebar: Utilitarianism and Machine Learning
77(1)
Story Point: "Message in a Bottle"
78(1)
Nalo Hopkinson
2.6 Contemporary Developments in Ethics
79(8)
2.6.1 Responsibility Ethics
79(2)
Story Point: "Codename: Delphi"
81(1)
Linda Nagata
2.6.2 Feminist Ethics
82(2)
Story Point: "Today I Am Paul"
84(1)
Martin L. Shoemaker
2.6.3 The Capability Approach
84(2)
Story Point: "Welcome to Your Authentic Indian Experience™"
86(1)
Rebecca Roanhorse
2.7 Concluding Remarks: The Importance of Multiple Frameworks
87(1)
Reflection Questions
87(2)
Background References and Additional Reading
89(1)
References Cited in This
Chapter
90(9)
Chapter 3 Managing Knowledge
99(42)
Learning Objectives
99(1)
3.1 Introduction
99(3)
3.1.1
Chapter Overview
101(1)
3.2 The Things We Know Are Not Value Neutral
102(11)
3.2.1 The dikw Paradigm and Its Shortcomings
103(2)
3.2.2 How the dikw paradigm limits our ability to understand the World
105(2)
3.2.3 Cultures of Knowledge: Revising the DIKW Paradigm
107(2)
3.2.4 How Does Wisdom Fit In?
109(2)
Sidebar: Skepticism
111(1)
Story Point: "Here-and-Now"
112(1)
Ken Liu
3.3 It Is Difficult to Marshal Large Bodies of Information
113(4)
Sidebar: Decision Fatigue
115(1)
Story Point: "Codename: Delphi"
116(1)
Linda Nagata
3.4 Automated Decision-Making Systems and Bias
117(6)
3.5 Storing Knowledge Outside Ourselves: How Does It Affect Us as Individuals?
123(4)
3.5.1 Storing Knowledge in Ancient Times
123(2)
3.5.2 How Computers Change Things
125(1)
3.5.3 The Vulnerability of Stored Ideas
125(2)
Story Point: "Lacuna Heights"
127(1)
Theodore McCombs
3.6 Storing Knowledge Outside Ourselves
How Does It Affect Our Communities?
127(1)
3.6.1 Community Context and DIKW
128(1)
3.6.2 Transmitting Knowledge across Cultures
129(1)
3.6.3 Everyone's an Expert: Information and Knowledge in the Age of Mass Platforming
130(2)
Story Point: "Welcome to Your Authentic Indian Experience™"
132(1)
Rebecca Roanhorse
3.7 Closing Thoughts: Knowledge and Selfhood
133(8)
Reflection Questions
134(1)
References Cited in This
Chapter
135(6)
Chapter 4 Personhood and Privacy
141(62)
Learning Objectives
141(1)
4.1 Introduction
142(2)
4.1.1 Why Privacy?
143(1)
4.2 What Is Personhood? Defining the Question
144(12)
4.2.1 Personhood and Human Identity
146(2)
4.2.2 Personhood and Personal Identity
148(2)
4.2.3 Individuation and Continuity of Identity
150(2)
4.2.4 The Self, Identity, and Narrativization
152(1)
Story Point: "Welcome to Your Authentic Indian Experience™
153(1)
Rebecca Roanhorse
4.2.5 Moral and Legal Responsibility
153(3)
4.3 Personhood and Technology
156(14)
4.3.1 Technology and Human Identity
157(2)
Story Point: "Message in a Bottle"
159(1)
Nalo Hopkinson
4.3.2 Anthropomorphism: Personifying Technological Artifacts
159(1)
Story Point: "Dolly"
160(1)
Elizabeth Bear
4.3.3 Al and Responsibility
160(1)
Story Point: "Asleep at the Wheel"
161(1)
T. Coraghessan Boyle
4.3.4 Do We Need Bodies?
161(2)
4.3.5 Technology and Responsibility
163(2)
4.3.6 Technology and Memory
165(1)
4.3.7 Technology and Narrative Identity
165(3)
Story Point: "Lacuna Heights"
168(1)
Theodore McCombs
4.3.8 Avatars and Self-Presentation
168(1)
Story Point: "Not Smart, Not Clever"
169(1)
E. Saxey
4.4 The Powers and Limits of Definitions
170(1)
4.5 Privacy and Personhood
170(18)
4.5.1 Tying Personhood and Privacy Together: Three Examples
171(1)
Example 1 Open Offices
171(2)
Example 2 Re-evaluating Gender Identity
173(1)
Sidebar: Sex and Gender
174(2)
Example 3 Prisons
176(2)
4.5.2 What Is Privacy?
178(1)
4.5.3 Privacy, Ownership, and Self-Possession
179(2)
4.5.4 Privacy as a Legal Right
181(2)
4.5.5 Privacy as a Value
183(1)
Social and Political Values
184(1)
Sidebar: The Privacy vs. Security Fallacy
185(1)
Character Development
185(1)
Interpersonal Relations
186(1)
4.5.6 Is Privacy Always Good?
186(1)
Story Point: "Here-and-Now"
187(1)
Ken Liu
4.6 Bringing It All Together: Privacy, Information Technology, and Personhood
188(5)
4.6.1 The Evolution of Data and Data Collection
188(2)
4.6.2 Why Privacy Matters for Personhood
190(1)
Are You Your Data?
191(1)
Data Can Change Who We Are
192(1)
4.7 Concluding Remarks
193(10)
Reflection Questions
194(1)
Background References and Additional Reading
195(1)
References Cited in This
Chapter
195(8)
Chapter 5 Technology and Society
203(76)
Learning Objectives
203(1)
5.1 Introduction
203(5)
5.1.1
Chapter Objectives and Methodology
205(2)
Sidebar: What Is a Society?
207(1)
5.2 Technology: Problematizing the Concept
208(8)
5.2.1 Is Technology a Simple Matter of Means and Ends?
208(2)
5.2.2 Technocracy and Unintended Consequences
210(2)
Sidebar: Overpromising in the History of Al
212(2)
5.2.3 Reflecting on Unintended Consequences: Externalist vs. Internalist Approaches
214(1)
5.2.4 Technological Mediation
215(1)
5.3 Introducing Science and Technology Studies
216(2)
5.4 Analyzing Sociotechnical Systems
218(12)
5.4.1 Experimentation and Responsible Design
219(1)
5.4.2 Constructing Abstractions and Framing Problems
220(2)
Sidebar: Performativity
222(1)
Sidebar: Photography: What You See Is Not Always What You Get
223(1)
5.4.3 Strategies for Analysis
224(1)
Identifying Traps
224(2)
Asking Better Questions
226(1)
Who Has Access?
226(1)
Who or What Is Affected?
227(1)
What's the Response, and Why?
228(1)
Sidebar: The Development of Scientific Management
228(2)
5.5 Technology in Context: Social Spheres
230(32)
5.5.1 Structures of Care
230(2)
Medical Care
232(2)
Economic Care
234(3)
Story Point: "Today I Am Paul"
237(1)
Martin I. Shoemaker
5.5.2 Public Discourse and Political Deliberation
238(1)
Public Discourse and Free Speech
239(2)
Access to Information
241(3)
Story Point: "Apologia"
244(1)
Vajra Chandrasekera
5.5.3 Companionship, Friendship, and Communities
244(1)
One-to-One Relationships
245(1)
One to Many: Communities and Group Friendships
246(2)
Story Point: "The Regression Test"
248(1)
Wole Talabi
5.5.4 Ecology and the Environment
249(1)
Sidebar: The Anthropocene: Naming Human Impact on the Environment
249(1)
Engaging with the Natural World
250(2)
Using Natural Resources
252(1)
Story Point: "The Gambler"
253(1)
Paolo Bacigalupi
5.5.5 State Power and Force
254(1)
Policing
254(1)
Surveillance
255(2)
War
257(1)
Story Point: "Asleep at the Wheel"
258(1)
T. Coraghessan Boyle
5.5.6 Work and Labor
259(1)
Automation
259(1)
Remote and Platform Work
260(2)
Story Point: "Lacuna Heights"
262(1)
Theodore McCombs
5.6 Closing Thoughts: Maintaining a Broad View
262(17)
Reflection Questions
263(1)
Background References and Additional Reading
264(1)
References Cited in This
Chapter
265(14)
Chapter 6 Professional Ethics
279(36)
Learning Objectives
279(1)
6.1 Introduction
279(1)
6.2 Professions
280(10)
6.2.1 What Is a Profession?
280(3)
6.2.2 A Brief History of Professional Societies and Codes of Ethics in Technology Development
283(1)
6.2.3 Professionalization in Computing Technology
284(1)
6.2.4 Professions and the Law
285(2)
Sidebar: Metaphors, Personhood, Technology, and Autonomous Cars
287(2)
Story Point: "Not Smart, Not Clever"
289(1)
E. Saxey
6.3 Codes of Ethics
290(12)
6.3.1 Deep Dive: The ACM and IEEE Codes of Ethics
290(7)
6.3.2 Professional Guidelines for Algorithms: Bias, Transparency, and Accountability
297(2)
Story Point: "Asleep at the Wheel"
299(1)
T. Coraghessan Boyle
6.3.3 The Functions of and Using Codes of Ethics
299(3)
Story Point: "Codename: Delphi"
302(1)
Linda Nagata
6.4 Some Suggestions on Making Ethical Decisions in Practice
302(3)
6.5 Codes of Ethics, Ethical Thinking, and Your Professional Life
305(10)
Story Point: "The Gambler"
307(1)
Paolo Bacigalupi
Reflection Questions
307(2)
Background References and Additional Reading
309(1)
References Cited in This
Chapter
309(6)
PART TWO Anthology
Introduction to the Story Bank
315(2)
A Few Suggestions for Reading the Stories
317(1)
A Story Isn't Reducible to the Ideas It Contains
317(1)
Stories Don't Have Answers
318(1)
Some Important Questions Will Remain Unresolvable--and That's a Feature!
319(1)
Suggested Story Points
319(4)
"Dolly"
323(14)
Elizabeth Bear
"Message in a Bottle"
337(16)
Nalo hopkinson
"The Gambler"
353(22)
Paolo Bacigalupi
"The Regression Test"
375(10)
Wole Talabi
"Apologia"
385(6)
Vajra Chandrasekera
"Asleep at the Wheel"
391(14)
T. Coraghessan Boyle
"Codename: Delphi"
405(10)
Linda Nagata
"Here-and-Now"
415(6)
Ken Liu
"Lacuna Heights"
421(14)
Theodore McCombs
"Not Smart, Not Clever"
435(14)
E. Saxey
"Today I Am Paul"
449(12)
Martin L. Shoemaker
"Welcome to Your Authentic Indian Experience™"
461(16)
Rebecca Roanhorse
Index 477