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E-grāmata: Concept of Monument in Achaemenid Empire

  • Formāts: 230 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 07-Dec-2018
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351677691
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  • Formāts: 230 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 07-Dec-2018
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781351677691

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The aim of this book is to explore the significance of the concept of ‘monument’ in the context of the Achaemenid Empire (550-330 BC), with particular reference to the royal Ensemble of Persepolis, founded by Darius I and built together with his son Xerxes. While Persepolis was built as an ‘intentional monument’, it also became a ‘historic monument’ already during the Achaemenid period. It maintained its symbolic significance in the following centuries even after its destruction by Alexander of Macedonia in 330 BC. The purpose of building Persepolis was to establish a symbol and a common reference for the peoples of the Empire with the Achaemenid Dynasty, transmitting significant messages such as peace, stability, grandeur and praise for the dynastic figure of the King as the protector of values and fighting falsehood.

While previous research on Achaemenid heritage has been on archaeological and art-historical aspects of Persepolis, the present work focuses on the architecture and design of Persepolis. It is supported by studies in the fields of archaeology, history, and art history, as well as by direct survey of the site. The morphological analysis of Persepolis, including the study of the proportions of the elevations, and the verification of a planning grid for the layout of the entire ensemble, demonstrate the univocal will by Darius I to plan Persepolis following a precise initial scheme. The research shows how the inscriptions, bas reliefs and the innovative architectural language together express the political message of the Achaemenid Dynasty. This symbolism is reflected in the inscriptions and bas-reliefs as well as in architecture, exhibiting influence from different lands in a new architectural language and in the plan of the entire site.

Recenzijas

"A complete guide to the most extraordinary architectural achievement of the Achaemenid Dynasty: Persepolis, a monument to the glory of the Persian Empire. The book explores the history of the site, its role in the political life of the Empire, its fate through the centuries. An essential reading." Francesco Bandarin, UNESCO Advisor

"The Achaemenid concept of 'monument' is studied by Soheil in its rich political, symbolic and religious meanings and in concrete cases, where it is revealed to be closer to 'admonition' than 'memory'. The main surviving architectures and inscriptions reveal a picture of great interest helping to better understand a great civilization often presented negatively by ancient Greek authors." Giovanni Carbonara, Professor Emeritus in Architectural Conservation, The Sapienza University of Rome

"A valuable analysis of Achaemenid building projects, this book is innovative in using detailed architectural and epigraphic analysis to argue that certain buildings, at Persepolis in particular, were deliberately created as monuments for transmitting values throughout the Achaemenid Empire. It is a fascinating study of the application of the Western concept of monument to a non-Western imperial tradition." Nicholas Stanley Price

"The reader will enjoy a very innovative presentation of the site of Persepolis and find in the volume an informed discussion on the main items for a functional understanding of this masterpiece of the Achaemenid architecture. An extremely useful support for those interested in the culture of Persia during the Achaemenid period as well as for those intending to visit and understand the marvelous country of Iran." Pierfrancesco Callieri, Professor in Archaeology of Ancient Iran, University of Bologna

Preface ix
Acknowledgment xii
1 Introduction to the Ancient Near East
1(23)
1.1 Persians in the Ancient Near East
1(2)
1.2 Achaemenid Dynasty
3(1)
1.3 Administration and Cultural Policy
4(1)
1.4 Persian Presence in the Empire
5(1)
1.5 Religion of the Persians
6(2)
1.6 Achaemenid Art and Architecture
8(8)
1.7 Achaemenid Building Works
16(8)
2 Persepolis: Description
24(76)
2.1 Territory, Settlements and Choice of Site
24(1)
2.2 The Terrace and Its Construction
25(6)
2.3 Functional Typology
31(1)
2.4 Apadana Complex
32(20)
2.5 Hundred Column Hall (+11.5)
52(5)
2.6 Palaces and Other Structures
57(20)
2.7 TheTreasury (+8.45m)
77(7)
2.8 Royal Tombs
84(4)
2.9 Complexes Outside the Terrace
88(2)
2.10 Construction Techniques
90(10)
3 Architectural Morphology and Proportions
100(27)
3.1 Morphology of Persepolitcm Buildings
100(3)
3.2 Metrology
103(2)
3.3 Dimensions of the Apadana
105(3)
3.4 Reference Grid of the Terrace
108(4)
3.5 Design Scheme of Facades
112(15)
4 The Concept of Monument
127(11)
4.1 Persepolis as a Monument
129(2)
4.2 Functions of the Royal Terrace
131(2)
4.3 Concept of Kingship
133(2)
4.4 Ritual City
135(3)
5 Significance of Inscriptions
138(24)
5.1 Significance of Writing
138(4)
5.2 Form and Content
142(9)
5.3 Building Work
151(5)
5.4 Heritage and Continuity
156(6)
6 Significance and Symbolism
162(25)
6.1 Significance of Podium
162(2)
6.2 Significance of Square
164(2)
6.3 Significance of Design Scheme
166(1)
6.4 Significance of Sculptural Decoration
167(3)
6.5 Symbolism and Metaphor
170(2)
6.6 The Alexander Sarcophagus
172(2)
6.7 Respect for the Past and Antiquity Value
174(13)
7 Archeology and Restoration
187(18)
7.1 Oriental Historians
187(1)
7.2 European Travelers
188(3)
7.3 Early Explorations
191(2)
7.4 Hypothetical Reconstructions
193(2)
7.5 Beginning of Systematic Excavations
195(2)
7.6 Restoration and Conservation
197(4)
7.7 World Heritage
201(4)
8 Concluding Considerations
205(8)
Index 213
Mehr Azar Soheil is a conservation architect who graduated from the Faculty of Fine Arts at Tehran University. She has earned her PhD in conservation from the Sapienza University in Rome, where she lives.