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E-grāmata: Concise Encyclopedia of Temperate Tree Fruit

Edited by , Edited by (University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA)
  • Formāts: 424 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Nov-2024
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781040283332
  • Formāts - PDF+DRM
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  • Formāts: 424 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Nov-2024
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781040283332

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From Anatomy to Wildlife everything you need to know about temperate-zone tree fruit culture and physiology! The Concise Encyclopedia of Temperate Tree Fruit is a unique resource that examines all aspects of tree fruit cultivation in the worlds temperate zones. This book addresses more than 40 topics, and included with each topic is a list of resources you can use to find further information. Subjects from molecular genetics to fruit color to pest management are addressed comprehensively and in plain language, so you can get the information you need when you need it. Many helpful illustrations and tables make the data even more accessible. Compiled by some of the most respected names in the field, the Concise Encyclopedia of Temperate Tree Fruit presents the latest research and advances into a wide range of subjects, including fruit maturity, plant hormones, fruit nutritional compositions, and rootstock selection. From the mechanics of plant respiration to the nuances of tree training systems, it’s all inside. Some topics the Concise Encyclopedia of Temperate Tree Fruit examines are: past and future cultivar development innovations in packing equipment the benefits of high-density orchards mechanisms of cold hardiness vital components of site preparation carbohydrate distribution and whole-plant efficiency advances in sustainable production systems If your work or research includes apples, pears, quinces, peaches, apricots, plums, cherries, or any other temperate-zone tree fruit, the Concise Encyclopedia of Temperate Tree Fruit will be your one-stop reference.
List of Figures
xv
List of Tables
xix
About the Editors xxi
Contributors xxiii
Preface xxvii
Anatomy and Taxonomy
3(8)
Tara Auxt Baugher
Pome Fruit
3(2)
Stone Fruit
5(2)
Other Temperate Tree Fruit
7(4)
Breeding and Molecular Genetics
11(10)
Ralph Scorza
Hybridization
13(1)
Nontraditional Breeding Techniques
14(7)
Carbohydrate partitioning and Plant Growth
21(10)
Alan N. Lakso
James A. Flore
Seasonal Patterns of Carbohydrate Production
21(2)
Partitioning to Tree Organs
23(5)
Environmental Factors Affecting Partitioning
28(3)
Cultivar Selection
31(10)
Duane W. Greene
Selection Criteria
31(4)
Multidisciplinary and International Evaluation of Cultivars
35(1)
Major Cultivars of the World
35(6)
Diseases
41(16)
David A. Rosenberger
Background on Tree Fruit Diseases and Their Control
41(2)
Common Pome Fruit Diseases
43(8)
Common Stone Fruit Diseases
51(6)
Dormancy and Acclimation
57(8)
Curt R. Rom
Forms of Dormancy
57(2)
Specific Cases of Dormancy
59(2)
Physiological Basis for Dormancy
61(1)
Acclimation
62(3)
Dwarfing
65(10)
Stephen S. Miller
Genetic Dwarfing
66(1)
Horticultural Practices to Induce Dwarfing
66(9)
Flower Bud Formation, Pollination, and Fruit Set
75(8)
Peter M. Hirst
Flower Formation
75(3)
Pollination
78(1)
Fertilization
79(4)
Fruit Color Development
83(8)
L. L. Creasy
Color Measurement
83(1)
Pigments
84(3)
Physiology of Color Formation in Tree Fruit
87(4)
Fruit Growth Patterns
91(12)
Alan N. Lakso
Martin C. Goffinet
What Is a Stone or Pome Fruit?
91(2)
What Is Fruit Growth?
93(1)
Growth by Cell Division and Cell Expansion
94(1)
Growth Patterns of Different Fruit
95(3)
Importance of Maintaining Fruit Growth
98(1)
Fruit Shape
99(4)
Fruit Maturity
103(12)
Christopher B. Watkins
The Compromise Between Quality and Storability
104(1)
Development of Maturity Indices
105(3)
Maturity or Harvest Indices for Specific Fruit
108(3)
Maturity Programs
111(4)
Geographic Considerations
115(6)
Suman Singha
Latitude
115(1)
Elevation
116(1)
Water Bodies
116(1)
Aspect
116(1)
Rainfall
117(4)
Harvest
121(10)
Stephen S. Miller
Hand Harvesting
121(3)
Harvest Aids
124(1)
Mechanical Harvesting
125(6)
High-Density Orchards
131(6)
Suman Singha
Light Environment
132(1)
Production Efficiency and Packout
132(1)
Management
133(4)
Insects and Mites
137(12)
Tracy C. Leskey
Direct Pests
137(5)
Indirect Pests
142(4)
Beneficial Insects
146(3)
Irrigation
149(8)
D. Michael Glenn
Irrigation Scheduling
149(2)
Irrigation Systems
151(6)
Light Interception and Photosynthesis
157(12)
David C. Ferree
Photosynthesis
157(2)
Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
159(1)
Light Interception
160(1)
Responses of Fruit Trees to Light
161(2)
Orchard Practices to Improve Light
163(6)
Marketing
169(8)
Desmond O'Rourke
Key Agents
169(1)
Key Functions
170(7)
Nematodes
177(8)
John M. Halbrendt
Beneficial Free-Living Nematodes
177(1)
Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and Associated Problems
177(2)
Major Nematodes That Affect Fruit Trees
179(1)
Nepovirus Diseases
180(1)
Diagnosis of Nematode Problems
181(1)
Nematode Control
182(3)
Nutritional Value of Fruit
185(10)
Andrea T. Borchers
Dianne A. Hyson
Health Benefits of Fruit Consumption
185(5)
Phenolic Compounds in Pome and Stone Fruit
190(5)
Orchard Floor Management
195(8)
Ian A. Merwin
Orchard Groundcover Advantages
195(3)
Orchard Groundcover Disadvantages
198(5)
Orchard Planning and Site Preparation
203(6)
Tara Auxt Baugher
Site Assessment
203(1)
Orchard Design and Tree Quality
204(1)
Orchard Preparation
205(1)
Tree Planting
205(4)
Packing
209(10)
A. Nathan Reed
Presizing and Presorting
209(1)
Weight Sizing, Color Sorting, and Packaging
210(3)
Defect Sorting
213(1)
Modified-Atmosphere Packing
213(1)
Bruise Prevention
214(1)
Nondestructive Quality Assessment
215(4)
Physiological Disorders
219(16)
Christopher B. Watkins
Types of Physiological Disorders
220(3)
Major Physiological Disorders of Temperate Tree Fruit
223(12)
Plant Growth Regulation
235(10)
Christopher S. Walsh
Regulation of Tree Vigor and Enhancement of Flowering
236(1)
Chemical Thinning
237(1)
Control of Preharvest Drop of Fruit
238(2)
Specialty Applications in Targeted situations
240(5)
Plant Hormones
245(6)
Christopher S. Walsh
Auxin
246(1)
Gibberellin
246(2)
Cytokinin
248(1)
Abscisic Acid
248(1)
Ethylene
249(1)
Mode of Action
249(2)
Plant Nutrition
251(8)
Dariusz Swietlik
Soil As a Reservoir of Plant Nutrients
251(1)
Nutrient Absorption and Transport
252(3)
Physiological and Biochemical Functions of Plant Nutrients
255(2)
Modern Trends in Fruit Tree Nutrition
257(2)
Plant-Pest Relationships and the Orchard Ecosystem
259(6)
Tracy C. Leskey
Arthropods
259(1)
Disease-Causing Pathogens
260(1)
Nematodes
261(1)
Vertebrates
262(1)
Weeds
262(3)
Postharvest Fruit Physiology
265(8)
Christopher B. Watkins
Respiration and Ethylene Production
266(1)
Texture
267(2)
Color
269(1)
Flavor
270(3)
Processing
273(6)
Mervyn C. D'Souza
Apple Cultivars and Quality Characteristics
273(1)
Apple Sorting
273(1)
Applesauce Production
274(1)
Apple Slice Production
275(1)
Apple Juice Production
275(1)
Quality Assessments
276(1)
Other Temperate Fruit
277(2)
Propagation
279(8)
Suman Singha
Sexual Propagation
279(1)
Vegetative Propagation
280(7)
Rootstock Selection
287(8)
Curt R. Rom
Effects of Rootstocks and Reasons for Selection
287(1)
Rootstock-Scion Compatibility
288(1)
Types of Rootstocks
289(1)
Multicomponent Plants
290(5)
Soil Management and Plant Fertilization
295(8)
Dariusz Swietlik
Methods of Estimating Fertilizer Needs
296(2)
Fertilizer Application Practices
298(2)
Managing Extreme Soil Environments
300(3)
Spring Frost Control
303(6)
Katharine B. Perry
Frost Control Principles
303(1)
Frost Control Techniques
304(5)
Storing and Handling Fruit
309(10)
A. Nathan Reed
Precooling
309(2)
Cold Storage
311(2)
Controlled Atmosphere Storage
313(1)
Relative Humidity
314(1)
Monitoring Storages
315(4)
Sustainable Orcharding
319(8)
Tracy C. Leskey
Integrated Pest Management
319(2)
Integrated Fruit Production
321(1)
Organic Production
322(5)
Temperature Relations
327(12)
Rajeev Arora
Freezing Tolerance versus Freezing Avoidance
327(5)
Overwintering
332(1)
Systems and Strategies to Distinguish Cold Hardiness and Dormancy Transitions
333(6)
Training and Pruning Principles
339(8)
Stephen C. Myers
Apical Dominance and Growth
339(1)
Shoot Orientation Effect on Apical Dominance
340(1)
General Responses to Pruning
341(1)
Types of Pruning Cuts
341(2)
Training and Pruning Objectives
343(4)
Training Systems
347(8)
Tara Auxt Baugher
Central Leader Systems
347(3)
Open Center Systems
350(1)
Vertical and Horizontal Trellis Systems
351(4)
Tree Canopy Temperature Management
355(6)
D. Michael Glenn
Temperature Assessment
356(1)
Cooling Strategies
357(4)
Water Relations
361(6)
D. Michael Glenn
Pathway of Water from the Soil to the Leaf
361(2)
Ascent of Water in Plants
363(1)
Transpiration Stream of Water
363(1)
Components of Plant Water Relations
364(3)
Wildlife
367(4)
Tara Auxt Baugher
Integrated Approach to Wildlife Management
367(1)
General Control Strategies
368(3)
Index 371


Suman Singha, Tara Baugher