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Consciousness And Robot Sentience Second Edition [Hardback]

(University Of Illinois At Springfield, Usa)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 264 pages
  • Sērija : Series On Machine Consciousness 4
  • Izdošanas datums: 06-Jun-2019
  • Izdevniecība: World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 9811205043
  • ISBN-13: 9789811205040
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Consciousness And Robot Sentience Second EditionPalielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 264 pages
  • Sērija : Series On Machine Consciousness 4
  • Izdošanas datums: 06-Jun-2019
  • Izdevniecība: World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 9811205043
  • ISBN-13: 9789811205040
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9789811205040.html
Keywords:

"This book is the fully revised and updated second edition of ""Consciousness and Robot Sentience"". With lots of new material, it will provide new insights into artificial intelligence (AI) and machine consciousness, beyond materials published in the first edition. The organization of this book has been streamlined for better clarity and continuity of the lines of arguments. The perspective of AI has been added to this edition. It is shown that contemporary AI has a hidden problem, which prevents it from becoming a true intelligent agent. A self-evident solution to this problem is given in this book. This solution is surprisingly connected with the concepts of qualia, the mind-body problem and consciousness. These are the hard problems of consciousness that so far have been without viable solution. Unfortunately, the solution to the hidden problem of AI cannot be satisfactorily implemented, unless the phenomena of qualia and consciousness are first understood. In this book an explanation of consciousness is presented, one that rejects material and immaterial substances, dualism, panpsychism, emergence and metaphysics. What remains is obvious. This explanation excludes consciousness in digital computers, but allows the artificial creation of consciousness in one natural-like way, by associative non-computational neural networks. The proof of a theory calls for empirical verification. In this case, the proof could be in the form of a sentient robot. This book describes a step towards this in the form of the author's small experimental robot XCR-1. This robot has evolved through the years, and has now new cognitive abilities, which are described."

Dedication v
Preface vii
Chapter 1 Artificial Intelligence 1(8)
1.1 AI , Computation and Cognition
1(2)
1.2 The Difference between the Brain and the Computer
3(2)
1.3 Meaning in Symbol Systems
5(3)
1.4 The Fundamental Problem of AI
8(1)
Chapter 2 Sensory Information and Meaning 9(4)
2.1 Sensing and Meaning
9(2)
2.2 Learning of Meaning
11(2)
Chapter 3 Self-Explanatory Information and Qualia 13(8)
3.1 The Appearance of Self-Explanatory Information
13(2)
3.2 Different Qualities of Qualia
15(2)
3.3 Amodal Qualia
17(1)
3.4 The Fundamental Problem of Qualia
18(3)
Chapter 4 Hypotheses about Consciousness 21(12)
4.1 The Mystery of Consciousness
21(1)
4.2 Cartesian Dualism
21(3)
4.3 Panpsychism
24(1)
4.4 Property Dualism
24(1)
4.5 The Identity Theory
25(2)
4.6 Neural Correlate Theories
27(1)
4.7 Information Integration Theories
28(1)
4.8 Dissecting Consciousness
29(4)
Chapter 5 The Explanation of Consciousness 33(14)
5.1 The Real Problem of Consciousness
33(2)
5.2 The Explanation of Qualia and Phenomenal Experience
35(3)
5.3 The Difference between Conscious and Non-Conscious Perception
38(2)
5.4 Conscious Perception of Mental Content
40(2)
5.5 The Essence of Consciousness
42(1)
5.6 The Explanation of Self-Consciousness
43(2)
5.7 Implications to AI and Machine Consciousness
45(2)
Chapter 6 The Gateway to Mind; Sensory Perception 47(10)
6.1 The Form of Sensory Percepts
47(3)
6.2 Externalization of Sound Percepts
50(3)
6.3 Externalization of Visual Percepts
53(1)
6.4 Externalization of Body Sensations
54(1)
6.5 The Meaning and Interpretation of Percepts
55(2)
Chapter 7 Memory, Learning, Thinking and Imagination 57(8)
7.1 Memory Function
57(1)
7.2 Learning and Memory
58(3)
7.3 Memory, Time and Consciousness
61(1)
7.4 Thinking, Imagination and Reality
62(3)
Chapter 8 Natural Language and Inner Speech 65(6)
8.1 Natural Language
65(4)
8.2 Inner Speech and Consciousness
69(2)
Chapter 9 Emotions and Motivation 71(10)
9.1 Emotions and Feelings
71(1)
9.2 The Qualia of Emotions
72(2)
9.3 The System Reactions Theory of Emotions (SRTE)
74(1)
9.4 The Qualia of Pain and Pleasure
75(1)
9.5 Motivation and Volition
76(2)
9.6 Free Will
78(3)
Chapter 10 Artificial Neural Networks 81(8)
10.1 Inspiration from the Biological Neuron
81(2)
10.2 Artificial Neurons
83(3)
10.3 Multilayer Neural Networks
86(2)
10.4 The Failing of Artificial Neural Networks
88(1)
Chapter 11 Thinking and Associative Neural Networks 89(22)
11.1 Thinking as Associative Information Processing
89(1)
11.2 Hebb's Associative Learning
90(1)
11.3 Associative Neurons and Synapses
91(10)
11.3.1 The Haikonen Associative Neuron
91(2)
11.3.2 A Simple Synapse
93(2)
11.3.3 The Interference-Free Synapse
95(1)
11.3.4 The Exclusive-Or Problem
96(1)
11.3.5 The Correlative Synapse
97(4)
11.4 The Associative Neuron as a Logic Element
101(2)
11.5 Associative Neuron Groups
103(8)
11.5.1 The Association of a Pattern with One Signal
103(1)
11.5.2 The Winner-Takes-All Threshold Circuit
104(1)
11.5.3 The Association of One Signal with a Pattern
105(1)
11.5.4 The Association of Patterns with Patterns
106(1)
11.5.5 Autoassociative Memory
107(1)
11.5.6 Temporal Sequences
108(3)
Chapter 12 Towards Artificial Cognitive Perception 111(14)
12.1 Requirements for Cognitive Perception in Robots
111(2)
12.2 The Perception/Response Feedback Loop
113(12)
12.2.1 The Basic Principle
113(2)
12.2.2 The Realization of Priming
115(1)
12.2.3 Sensory Attention in the Perception/Response Feedback Loop
116(2)
12.2.4 Match, Mismatch and Novelty Detection
118(1)
12.2.5 The Realization of Visual Searching
119(1)
12.2.6 Predictive Perception
120(1)
12.2.7 Introspection of Imaginations
121(2)
12.2.8 Introspection of Inner Speech
123(2)
Chapter 13 Examples of Perception/Response Feedback Loops 125(12)
13.1 The Auditory Perception/Response Feedback Loop
125(5)
13.1.1 Basic Requirements
125(1)
13.1.2 Auditory Pre-Processes
125(3)
13.1.3 A Simple Auditory Perception/Response Feedback Loop
128(2)
13.2 The Visual Perception/Response Feedback Loop
130(4)
13.2.1 Basic Requirements
130(1)
13.2.2 Visual Pre-Processes
131(1)
13.2.3 A Simple Visual Perception/Response Feedback Loop
132(2)
13.3 The Haptic Perception/Response Feedback Loop
134(3)
Chapter 14 Symbols in Perception/Response Feedback Loops 137(4)
14.1 From Sub-Symbols to Symbols
137(1)
14.2 The Association of Meaning
138(3)
Chapter 15 Information Integration with Multiple Modules 141(8)
15.1 Cooperation and Interaction of Multiple Modules
141(2)
15.2 Sensorimotor Integration
143(1)
15.3 Feedback Control Loops
144(2)
15.4 Hierarchical Control Loops
146(3)
Chapter 16 Emotional Significance in Associative Processing 149(4)
16.1 The Significance of Percepts
149(1)
16.2 Emotional Significance of Percepts
150(3)
Chapter 17 The Haikonen Cognitive Architecture (HCA) 153(10)
17.1 Cognitive Architectures
153(2)
17.2 General Overview of HCA
155(3)
17.3 The Block Diagram of HCA
158(2)
17.4 Control, Motivation and Drivers
160(1)
17.5 Information Integration, Coalitions and Consciousness
161(2)
Chapter 18 Mind Reading with HCA 163(10)
18.1 Mind Reading Possible?
163(1)
18.2 The Principle of the Imaging of Inner Imagery
164(3)
18.3 The Perception/Response Feedback Loop in the Imaging of Inner Imagery
167(3)
18.4 Detection of Inner Speech and Unvoiced Speech
170(1)
18.5 Silent Speech Detection with the Perception/Response Loop
170(3)
Chapter 19 A Comparison of Some Cognitive Architectures 173(18)
19.1 Introduction
173(1)
19.2 Baars Global Workspace Architecture
174(5)
19.2.1 Baars Concept of Consciousness
174(1)
19.2.2 Baars Model
175(3)
19.2.3 What Is Explained by the Baars Model
178(1)
19.2.4 What Is Not Explained by the Baars Model
178(1)
19.3 Shanahan Global Workspace Architecture
179(5)
19.3.1 Shanahan Concept of Consciousness
179(1)
19.3.2 Shanahan Model
180(2)
19.3.3 What Is Explained by the Shanahan Model
182(1)
19.3.4 What Is Not Explained by the Shanahan Model
183(1)
19.4 Haikonen Cognitive Architecture
184(4)
19.4.1 Haikonen Concept of Consciousness
184(1)
19.4.2 Haikonen Model
185(1)
19.4.3 What Is Explained by the Haikonen Model
186(2)
19.5 Baars, Shanahan and Haikonen Architectures Compared
188(3)
Chapter 20 Testing Artificial Consciousness 191(12)
20.1 Requirements for Consciousness Tests
191(3)
20.2 Tests for Consciousness
194(4)
20.2.1 The Turing Test
194(1)
20.2.2 Picture Understanding Test
195(1)
20.2.3 The Cross-Examination Test
196(1)
20.2.4 The ACT Test
197(1)
20.3 Tests for Self-Consciousness
198(3)
20.3.1 Testing Self-Consciousness
198(1)
20.3.2 The Mirror Test
198(1)
20.3.3 The Name Test
199(1)
20.3.4 The Ownership Test
200(1)
20.3.5 The Cross-Examination Test
200(1)
20.4 Axioms and Assessments for Machine Consciousness
201(1)
20.4.1 Aleksander's Axioms
201(1)
20.4.2 The ConsScale
202(1)
20.5 The Ultimate Test for Existential Robot Consciousness
202(1)
Chapter 21 An Experimental Robot with the HCA 203(28)
21.1 Purpose and Design Principles
203(1)
21.2 Architecture
204(2)
21.3 The Auditory Module
206(2)
21.3.1 The Auditory Perception/Response Feedback Loop
206(1)
21.3.2 Speech Recognition
207(1)
21.3.3 Speech Production
207(1)
21.4 The Visual Module
208(5)
21.4.1 Visual Perception/Response Feedback Loops
208(1)
21.4.2 Object Recognition
209(1)
21.4.3 Direction Detection and Differential Drive
210(2)
21.4.4 The Selection and Searching of a Target
212(1)
21.4.5 Match/Mismatch Detection
212(1)
21.5 The Emotional Module
213(2)
21.5.1 Pain and Pleasure
213(1)
21.5.2 Emotional Significance
213(1)
21.5.3 Non-Events
214(1)
21.5.4 Self-Concept
214(1)
21.6 The Wheel Drive Module
215(1)
21.7 The Gripper Module
216(2)
21.8 Self-Talk
218(2)
21.9 Experiments and Tests with XCR-1
220(9)
21.9.1 Visual Stimuli Response
220(1)
21.9.2 Verbal Evocation of a Virtual Visual Percept
221(1)
21.9.3 Match/Mismatch Detection
222(1)
21.9.4 Pain and Emotional Bad Value
223(2)
21.9.5 Short-Term Visual Location Memory
225(2)
21.9.6 Visual Priming
227(2)
21.10 Machine Consciousness and XCR-1
229(2)
Appendix. Some Experimental Circuits 231(8)
1 Simple Correlative Synapses
231(2)
2 Winner-Takes-All Threshold
233(1)
3 An Associative Neuron with Interference-Free Synapses
234(2)
4 Narrow Bandwidth Filter
236(1)
5 Sound Direction Detector
236(3)
Bibliography 239(6)
Index 245