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Construction Science and Materials [Mīkstie vāki]

  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 352 pages, height x width x depth: 244x188x16 mm, weight: 780 g, Illustrations
  • Izdošanas datums: 16-Mar-2012
  • Izdevniecība: Wiley-Blackwell
  • ISBN-10: 0470658886
  • ISBN-13: 9780470658888
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Construction Science and MaterialsPalielināt
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 352 pages, height x width x depth: 244x188x16 mm, weight: 780 g, Illustrations
  • Izdošanas datums: 16-Mar-2012
  • Izdevniecība: Wiley-Blackwell
  • ISBN-10: 0470658886
  • ISBN-13: 9780470658888
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780470658888.html
Keywords:
For BTEC construction students, Science, Structural Mechanics and Materials are combined into one unit. This new book focuses mainly on science and structural mechanics but also provides basic information on construction materials. The material is presented in a tried-and-tested, student-friendly format that will create an interest in science and ensure that students get all the information they need - from one book. Construction Science & Materials is divided into 17 chapters, each with written explanations supplemented by solved examples and relevant diagrams to substantiate the text. Chapters end with numerical questions covering a range of problems and their answers are given at the end of the book and on the book's website. The author takes into account the latest Edexcel specifications (August 2010) and provides information on topics included in Levels 2/3/4 Science, and Science and Materials. Brief coverage of building materials but more detail on science and structural mechanics topics will be included. Recent developments in science and building materials are covered as well as changes in the Building Regulations. The book includes assignments that can be used by teachers for setting coursework or by students to reinforce their learning. The assignment tasks will cover the latest relevant learning outcomes/grading criteria set by Edexcel. Students will find here all the information, explanations and self-test exercises they need to complete the mandatory topics on BTEC Construction Science and Mathematics (Level 2) as well as Construction Science and Materials (Levels 3/4). The book will be invaluable both to students and teachers as it: * includes many diagrams, examples and detailed solutions to help students learn the basic concepts * integrates science with construction technology and civil engineering * has an early chapter on basic construction technology to help understand technical terminology before going through the main topics * offers a detailed explanation of relevant topics in structural mechanics * gives end-of-chapter exercises and practice assignments to check and reinforce students learning; assignments provide coverage of the grading criteria set by Edexcel. The book has a companion website with freely downloadable support material: * detailed solutions to the exercises and assignment tasks * details on the design of building foundations and design of timber joists * PowerPoint slides for lecturers on each chapter
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xv
List of units, prefixes and symbols
xvii
1 Using a scientific calculator
1(8)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Keys of a scientific calculator
1(8)
References/Further reading
8(1)
2 Units and their conversion
9(8)
2.1 Introduction
9(1)
2.2 Length
10(1)
2.3 Mass
11(1)
2.4 Area, volume and capacity
12(2)
2.5 Temperature
14(3)
References/Further reading
15(2)
3 Introduction to physics
17(16)
3.1 Speed and velocity
17(1)
3.2 Acceleration
18(1)
3.3 Mass
18(1)
3.4 Gravitation
18(2)
3.5 Weight
20(1)
3.6 Volume
20(1)
3.7 Density
20(2)
3.8 Specific gravity
22(1)
3.9 Newton's first law of motion
23(1)
3.10 Newton's second law of motion
23(1)
3.11 Newton's third law of motion
24(1)
3.12 Friction
24(2)
3.13 Work
26(1)
3.14 Energy
26(3)
3.14.1 Potential energy
27(1)
3.14.2 Kinetic energy
27(2)
3.15 Power
29(4)
References/Further reading
31(2)
4 Introduction to chemistry
33(12)
4.1 Introduction
33(3)
4.2 Electrovalency and covalency
36(2)
4.2.1 Covalent bond
36(2)
4.3 Elements and compounds
38(2)
4.4 Symbols and formulae
40(1)
4.5 Acids and bases
40(5)
4.5.1 Acids
41(1)
4.5.2 Bases
42(1)
References/Further reading
43(2)
5 Effects of chemicals and atmosphere on materials
45(10)
5.1 Introduction
45(1)
5.2 Oxidation
45(2)
5.2.1 Experiment: To show that oxygen (or air) and water are necessary for the rusting of iron
46(1)
5.3 Electrolysis
47(2)
5.4 Electrolytic corrosion
49(3)
5.4.1 Examples of electrolytic corrosion
50(1)
5.4.2 Protection of steel from corrosion
51(1)
5.5 Applications of electrolysis
52(1)
5.5.1 Electroplating
52(1)
5.5.2 Extraction of aluminium
53(1)
5.6 Acid rain
53(2)
References/Further reading
54(1)
6 Electricity
55(16)
6.1 Introduction
55(1)
6.2 Coulomb's law
55(1)
6.3 Electric current
56(1)
6.4 Potential difference
57(1)
6.5 Electromotive force (e.m.f.)
57(1)
6.6 Ohm's law
57(2)
6.7 Electrical resistivity and conductivity
59(1)
6.8 Resistors in series/parallel
60(4)
6.8.1 Resistors in series
60(1)
6.8.2 Resistors in parallel
61(3)
6.9 Transformers
64(2)
6.10 Power generation
66(1)
6.11 Power distribution
67(1)
6.12 Supply to small buildings
68(3)
References/Further reading
70(1)
7 Introduction to construction technology
71(12)
7.1 Introduction
71(1)
7.2 Substructure and superstructure
71(2)
7.2.1 Soil investigation
72(1)
7.3 Foundations
73(2)
7.3.1 Settlement
73(2)
7.4 Forms of construction
75(2)
7.5 The external envelope
77(6)
7.5.1 Ground floors
78(1)
7.5.2 Cavity walls
78(1)
7.5.3 Suspended timber upper floors
79(1)
7.5.4 Roofs
80(2)
References/Further reading
82(1)
8 Thermal energy 1
83(16)
8.1 Introduction
83(1)
8.2 Temperature
83(2)
8.2.1 Temperature scales
84(1)
8.3 Units of heat
85(1)
8.4 States of matter
85(2)
8.4.1 Changes in the physical state
85(1)
8.4.2 Experiment: The physical states of water
86(1)
8.5 Expansion and contraction of solids
87(6)
8.5.1 Linear expansion
88(1)
8.5.2 Experiment: Determination of coefficient of linear expansion
89(1)
8.5.3 Practical examples of expansion and contraction
90(3)
8.6 Heat transfer
93(6)
8.6.1 Conduction
93(2)
8.6.2 Experiment: To compare the thermal conductivity of metals
95(1)
8.6.3 Convection
96(1)
8.6.4 Practical examples of convection
96(1)
8.6.5 Radiation
96(2)
References/Further reading
98(1)
9 Thermal energy and humidity
99(32)
9.1 Introduction
99(1)
9.2 Thermal insulation
100(3)
9.2.1 Experiment: To compare the thermal insulation values of expanded polystyrene, vermiculite, mineral wool, glass fibre and cork
101(2)
9.3 Heat transmission
103(2)
9.3.1 Thermal conductivity
103(1)
9.3.2 Thermal resistivity (r)
103(1)
9.3.3 Thermal resistance (R)
103(2)
9.4 Thermal transmittance
105(5)
9.5 Heat loss from buildings
110(3)
9.6 Temperature drop through materials
113(2)
9.7 Humidity
115(3)
9.7.1 Measurement of relative humidity
115(3)
9.8 Condensation
118(13)
9.8.1 The psychrometric chart
119(1)
9.8.2 Prevention of surface condensation
119(3)
9.8.3 Interstitial condensation
122(5)
9.8.4 Prevention of interstitial condensation
127(3)
References/Further reading
130(1)
10 Forces and structures 1
131(18)
10.1 Introduction
131(1)
10.2 Force
132(1)
10.2.1 Internal and external forces
133(1)
10.3 Bending
133(2)
10.3.1 Deflection
134(1)
10.4 Types of loading
135(5)
10.4.1 Dead load
135(1)
10.4.2 Imposed load
136(1)
10.4.3 Wind load
136(1)
10.4.4 Loading from other effects
136(1)
10.4.5 Point load
136(1)
10.4.6 Uniformly distributed load
136(1)
10.4.7 Triangular load
136(4)
10.5 Stress and strain
140(1)
10.5.1 Stress
140(1)
10.5.2 Strain
140(1)
10.6 Elasticity
141(8)
10.6.1 Experiment 1: Proof of Hooke's law
142(1)
10.6.2 Experiment 2: Proof of Hooke's law
143(3)
10.6.3 Factor of safety
146(2)
References/Further reading
148(1)
11 Forces and structures 2
149(38)
11.1 Moment of a force
149(5)
11.1.1 Sign convention
150(4)
11.2 Laws of equilibrium
154(1)
11.3 Analysis of beams
154(18)
11.3.1 Beam reactions
154(5)
11.3.2 Shear force (S.F.)
159(6)
11.3.3 Bending moment (B.M.)
165(7)
11.4 Triangle of forces
172(15)
11.4.1 Bow's notation
176(2)
11.4.2 Frames and roof trusses
178(8)
References/Further reading
186(1)
12 Fluid mechanics
187(20)
12.1 Introduction
187(1)
12.2 Pressure of fluids at rest
187(6)
12.2.1 Why do the liquids flow?
190(1)
12.2.2 Centre of pressure
191(2)
12.3 The flow of a fluid
193(7)
12.3.1 Flow rate
194(1)
12.3.2 Bernoulli's theorem
195(3)
12.3.3 The venturimeter
198(2)
12.3.4 Flow in pipes: energy loss
200(1)
12.4 Flow in open channels
200(7)
References/Further reading
205(2)
13 Sound
207(26)
13.1 Introduction
207(1)
13.2 Frequency, wavelength and velocity of sound
208(2)
13.2.1 Frequency (f)
208(1)
13.2.2 Wavelength (λ)
208(1)
13.2.3 Velocity (v)
208(2)
13.3 Measurement of sound
210(4)
13.3.1 Threshold values of sound
211(1)
13.3.2 The decibel scale
211(3)
13.4 Addition of sound levels
214(2)
13.4.1 Approximate addition of sound levels
214(2)
13.5 Transmission of sound in buildings
216(7)
13.5.1 Noise
217(1)
13.5.2 Requirements of sound insulation
217(1)
13.5.3 Sound-insulation techniques
218(3)
13.5.4 Noise in a workplace
221(1)
13.5.5 Measurement of sound insulation
222(1)
13.6 Sound absorption
223(7)
13.6.1 Reverberation
224(1)
13.6.2 Reverberation time
225(3)
13.6.3 Types of sound absorbers
228(2)
13.7 Sound level meter
230(3)
References/Further reading
231(2)
14 Light
233(30)
14.1 Introduction
233(1)
14.2 Additive and subtractive colours
234(1)
14.3 Units for measuring light
235(3)
14.3.1 Angular measure
235(1)
14.3.2 Solid angle
236(1)
14.3.3 Luminous intensity (I)
237(1)
14.3.4 Luminous flux (F)
237(1)
14.3.5 Illuminance (E)
237(1)
14.3.6 Luminance
238(1)
14.4 Inverse square law of illuminance
238(2)
14.5 Lambert's cosine law of illuminance
240(2)
14.6 Lamps and luminaires
242(2)
14.7 Design of interior lighting
244(13)
14.7.1 Light output ratio
245(1)
14.7.2 Direct ratio
246(1)
14.7.3 Room index
246(1)
14.7.4 Reflection of light
246(1)
14.7.5 Level of illuminance
247(1)
14.7.6 Utilisation factor (UF)
247(1)
14.7.7 Maintenance factor (MF)
247(5)
14.7.8 Lumen design method
252(1)
14.7.9 SHR
252(5)
14.8 Light meter
257(1)
14.9 Daylighting
257(6)
14.9.1 Uniform sky
257(1)
14.9.2 CIE standard overcast sky
257(1)
14.9.3 Daylight factor
258(1)
14.9.4 Components of daylight factor
258(2)
14.9.5 Prediction of daylight factors
260(2)
References/Further reading
262(1)
15 Human comfort
263(8)
15.1 Introduction
263(1)
15.2 Temperature
263(4)
15.2.1 Air temperature
264(1)
15.2.2 Mean radiant temperature
264(1)
15.2.3 Environmental temperature
265(1)
15.2.4 Dry resultant temperature
265(1)
15.2.5 Activity
266(1)
15.2.6 Clothing
266(1)
15.3 Air movement
267(1)
15.4 Humidity
267(1)
15.5 Ventilation
267(1)
15.6 Noise
268(1)
15.7 Lighting
269(2)
References/Further reading
270(1)
16 Construction materials
271(34)
16.1 Bricks
271(5)
16.1.1 Clay bricks
271(1)
16.1.2 Size
271(1)
16.1.3 Classification
272(1)
16.1.4 Manufacture
272(1)
16.1.5 Properties
272(2)
16.1.6 Deterioration of brickwork
274(2)
16.1.7 Environmental implications
276(1)
16.1.8 COSHH
276(1)
16.2 Aerated concrete blocks
276(2)
16.2.1 Manufacture
276(1)
16.2.2 Sizes
277(1)
16.2.3 Properties
277(1)
16.2.4 Environmental implications
278(1)
16.3 Cement
278(5)
16.3.1 Raw materials
278(1)
16.3.2 Manufacture
279(1)
16.3.3 Setting and hardening of cement
279(1)
16.3.4 Constituents of portland cement
280(1)
16.3.5 Types of cement
280(2)
16.3.6 Compressive strength
282(1)
16.3.7 Environmental implications
282(1)
16.3.8 COSHH
283(1)
16.4 Concrete
283(6)
16.4.1 Raw materials
283(1)
16.4.2 Manufacture of concrete
283(1)
16.4.3 Concrete mix
284(1)
16.4.4 Properties of fresh concrete
285(1)
16.4.5 Properties of hardened concrete
286(1)
16.4.6 Deterioration of concrete
287(2)
16.4.7 Environmental implications
289(1)
16.5 Metals
289(6)
16.5.1 Ferrous metals
289(1)
16.5.2 Raw materials
290(1)
16.5.3 Manufacturing process
290(1)
16.5.4 Iron and its alloys
291(1)
16.5.5 Properties of steel
291(2)
16.5.6 Corrosion of iron/steel
293(1)
16.5.7 Environmental implications
293(1)
16.5.8 Non-ferrous metal: aluminium
294(1)
16.5.9 Raw materials
294(1)
16.5.10 Properties
294(1)
16.5.11 Environmental implications
295(1)
16.6 Timber
295(5)
16.6.1 Seasoning
296(1)
16.6.2 Properties
297(1)
16.6.3 Deterioration
298(2)
16.6.4 Preservation
300(1)
16.6.5 Environmental implications
300(1)
16.7 Plastics
300(5)
16.7.1 Raw materials and manufacture
301(1)
16.7.2 Classification
301(1)
16.7.3 Properties and uses
302(1)
References/Further reading
303(2)
17 Assignments
305(6)
17.1 Assignments for Level 2 courses
305(1)
17.1.1 Assignment No. 1
305(1)
17.1.2 Assignment No. 2
305(1)
17.1.3 Assignment No. 3
306(1)
17.2 Assignments for Level 3/4 courses
306(5)
17.2.1 Assignment No. 1
306(2)
17.2.2 Assignment No. 2
308(1)
17.2.3 Assignment No. 3
308(3)
Appendix 1 Formulae for Example 9.2 311(2)
Appendix 2 Solutions for Example 13.10 313(2)
Appendix 3 Answers to Exercises 315(12)
Index 327
Surinder Virdi is a lecturer in construction at South Birmingham College. He worked as a civil and structural engineer for a number of years before starting his career in further and higher education. He has been teaching construction science, environmental science, mathematics, ICT and CAD on BTEC National and Higher National courses for over 25 years.