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E-grāmata: Containers in Cisco IOS-XE, IOS-XR, and NX-OS: Orchestration and Operation

  • Formāts: 496 pages
  • Sērija : Networking Technology
  • Izdošanas datums: 14-Aug-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Cisco Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780135783016
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  • Formāts: 496 pages
  • Sērija : Networking Technology
  • Izdošanas datums: 14-Aug-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Cisco Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780135783016
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A comprehensive guide to learning container and application hosting capabilities in Cisco platforms, and implementing them to achieve higher efficiency in network deployments and operations

Cisco architectures offer comprehensive compute virtualization capabilities to accommodate both native and third-party container hosting, so you can containerize and instantiate any application or network service and gain unprecedented value from your networks.Direct from Cisco, this is the complete guide to deploying and operating containerized application and network services on Cisco platforms. First, the authors review essential virtualization and containerization concepts for all network professionals and introduce leading orchestration tools. Next, they take a deep dive into container networking, introducing Cisco architectural support for container infrastructures. Youll find modular coverage of configuration, activation,orchestration, operations, and application hosting for each key Cisco software platform: IOS-XE, IOS-XR, and NX-OS.The authors explore diverse orchestration tools, including LXC,Docker, and Kubernetes, and cover both Cisco and open-source tools for building and testing applications. They conclude with multiple use cases that show how containerization can improve agility and efficiency in a wide range of network environments.





Review the motivation, drivers, and concepts of computing virtualization Learn how Cisco platforms are achieving infrastructure virtualization Explore the Cisco reference model for developing cloud-native services and moving to cloud-native network functions Master Cisco container networking fundamentals, supported modes, and configuration Enable,install, activate, and orchestrate containerized applications in Cisco IOS-XE,IOS-XR, and NX-OS Compare tools and methods for developing, testing, hosting, and orchestrating containerized applications Discover real-world use cases for Day-0, Day-1, and Day-2 operations, with practical deployment examples Preview merging trends in network containerization
Foreword xxv
Introduction xxvii
Part I Virtualization and Containers
Chapter 1 Introduction to Virtualization
1(22)
History of Computer Evolution
1(1)
History of Virtualization
2(4)
Motivation and Business Drivers for Virtualization
3(1)
Resource Optimization
4(1)
Resilience
5(1)
Simplicity and Cost Optimization
5(1)
Virtualization---Architecture Definition and Types
6(8)
Architecture and Components
6(2)
Types of Virtualization
8(1)
Server Virtualization
8(2)
Network Virtualization
10(2)
Storage Virtualization
12(1)
Connecting the Dots with Cloud Computing
13(1)
Computing Virtualization Elements and Techniques
14(4)
Virtual Machines
14(1)
Containers
15(2)
Serverless Computing
17(1)
Virtualization Scale and Design Consideration
18(1)
High Availability
18(1)
Workload Distribution
19(1)
Resource Utilization
19(1)
Multitenancy in Virtualization
19(1)
Summary
20(1)
References in This
Chapter
21(2)
Chapter 2 Virtualization and Cisco
23(38)
History of Virtualization in Cisco
23(7)
Network Infrastructure Virtualization
23(3)
Network Device Virtualization
26(4)
Virtualization in Enterprise and Service Provider Environments
30(2)
Enterprise
30(1)
Service Provider
31(1)
The Era of Software-Defined Networking
32(1)
SDN Enablers
33(1)
Control Plane Virtualization
33(25)
SDN Controllers
34(1)
OpenFlow
34(1)
Open Source Controllers
35(1)
APIs and Programmability
36(1)
API
36(2)
Programmability
38(4)
Cisco Proprietary SDN Controllers
42(1)
APIC
42(2)
APIC-EM
44(1)
DNA Center
45(2)
Modern Network Design with SDN and NFV
47(1)
Elements in Network Function Virtualization
48(1)
Orchestration and Deployment of Virtual Network Services
48(3)
Technology Trends Built on SDN
51(1)
Internet of Things (IoT)
51(1)
Cisco's IoT Platform for Industries
52(1)
The Cisco IoT Platform for Service Providers
53(2)
A Use Case for IoT with SDN: Manufacturing
55(2)
Intent-Based Networking (IBN)
57(1)
Summary
58(1)
References in This
Chapter
59(2)
Chapter 3 Container Orchestration and Management
61(36)
Introduction to the Cloud-Native Reference Model
61(2)
Application Development Framework
62(1)
Automated Orchestration and Management
62(1)
Container Runtime and Provisioning
63(1)
The Journey from Virtual Network Function (VNF) to Cloud Native Function (CNF)
63(2)
Container Deployment and Orchestration Overview
65(16)
Linux Containers (LXC)
66(1)
Cisco Service Containers
67(2)
Cisco Application Hosting Framework
69(1)
Cisco Guest Shell
70(1)
Cisco Open Agent Containers
71(4)
Docker
75(4)
Kubernetes
79(2)
Container Deployment and Orchestration
81(14)
Orchestrating and Managing Containers Using LXC
81(3)
Orchestrating and Managing Containers Using Docker
84(1)
Docker Daemon Status Verification
85(1)
Docker Client
86(1)
Getting Docker Images
87(2)
Running the Container
89(2)
Orchestrating and Managing Containers Using Kubernetes
91(1)
Running Docker Daemon
91(1)
Enabling Kubernetes Master
92(1)
Enabling Nexus 9000 Switch as Kubernetes Worker Node
93(1)
Deploying Workload Using Kubernetes
94(1)
Summary
95(1)
References
95(2)
Chapter 4 Container Networking Concepts
97(42)
Container Networking---Introduction and Essentials
97(2)
Application to Host
98(1)
Application to Application
98(1)
Application to External Network
98(1)
Container Networking
99(6)
Namespace to External Network
100(2)
Namespace to Namespace
102(2)
Key Points
104(1)
Container Network Models and Interfaces
105(10)
Cisco Native App Hosting Network Model
106(1)
Shared Network Mode
106(2)
Dedicated Network Mode
108(3)
Docker Networking---Container Network Model
111(2)
None Networking
113(1)
Host Networking
113(1)
Bridge Networking
114(1)
Overlay Networking
114(1)
Macvlan
114(1)
Kubernetes Container Network Interface (CNI) Model
114(1)
Setting Up Container Networking
115(21)
Native App Hosting---Shared Networking Configuration
115(1)
Cisco IOS-XE Configuration
115(2)
Cisco IOS-XR Configuration
117(5)
Cisco Nexus OS Configuration
122(3)
Support Matrix
125(1)
Native App Hosting---Dedicated Networking Configuration
125(1)
Cisco IOS XE Configuration
125(1)
Routing Mode---Numbered
126(2)
Routing Mode---Unnumbered
128(1)
Layer 2 Mode
129(2)
Cisco IOS XR and Nexus OS
131(1)
Docker Network Configuration
131(1)
None Networking
131(1)
Host Network
132(2)
Bridge Networking
134(2)
Kubernetes
136(1)
Summary
136(1)
References
137(2)
Part II Container Deployment and Operation in Cisco Products
Chapter 5 Container Orchestration in Cisco IOS-XE Platforms
139(50)
Cisco IOS-XE Architecture
139(7)
Brief History of IOS-XE
140(1)
Architecture Components and Functions
141(1)
Switching Platforms
142(2)
Routing Platforms
144(2)
IOS-XE Architecture: Application Hosting
146(3)
Libvirt and Virtualization Manager
146(2)
IOx Overview
148(1)
IOx Applications
149(8)
Application Types
150(3)
Resource Requirements
153(1)
Memory and Storage Requirements
153(1)
VirtualPortGroup
154(1)
Virtual NIC (vNIC)
155(1)
Application Deployment Workflow and Operation States
156(1)
Developing and Hosting Applications
157(28)
LXC-Based Guest Shell Container
157(1)
Activating IOx
157(1)
Setting Up Network Configuration
157(2)
Activating the Guest Shell Container
159(2)
Developing PaaS-Style Applications and Hosting
161(1)
Supported Platforms
161(1)
Setting Up the Development Environment
161(1)
Developing a Python Application
161(1)
Creating a Docker Image
162(1)
Creating an IOx Package Using YAML
162(3)
Installing, Activating, and Running the Application
165(1)
Developing Virtual Machine--Based Application and Hosting
166(1)
Setting Up an Application Development Environment
167(2)
Building the Virtual Machine File System
169(1)
Build an IOx Package Using YAML
170(2)
Installing, Activating, and Running the Application
172(3)
Developing and Hosting a Docker-Style Application
175(1)
Setting Up Docker Toolchain
175(1)
Caveats and Restrictions
176(1)
Development Workflow
177(1)
Images and Package Repository
177(1)
Develop Python Application
178(1)
Build Docker Image
179(1)
Building an IOx Application Package Using YAML
180(2)
Installing, Activating, and Running the Application
182(1)
Native Docker Application Hosting in Catalyst 9300
182(1)
Workflow 1 Building and Exporting a Docker Image
182(2)
Workflow 2 Performing a Docker Pull and Export
184(1)
Deploying Native Docker Applications
184(1)
Docker Container Networking
185(1)
Licensing Requirements
185(1)
Summary
186(1)
References
187(2)
Chapter 6 Container Orchestration in Cisco IOS-XR Platforms
189(46)
Cisco IOS-XR Architecture
189(3)
Architecture and Software Evolution
190(2)
Application Hosting Architecture
192(6)
Kernel Interface Module (KIM)
193(2)
Network Namespaces
195(1)
Docker Hosting Architecture
196(2)
Hosting Environment Readiness
198(3)
Storage
198(1)
CPU Share
199(1)
Memory
200(1)
Types of Application Hosting in Cisco XR Platform
201(15)
Native Application Hosting
201(1)
Native Hosting from an Existing RPM File
202(4)
Building an RPM File for Native Hosting
206(3)
LXC-Based Application Hosting
209(7)
Network Configuration and Verification
216(2)
Docker-Based Application Hosting
217(1)
Docker Images and Registry
218(6)
Loading from Public Registry
218(2)
Loading from Local Registry
220(2)
Loading Manually to Local Store
222(1)
Container Deployment Workflow
223(1)
Network Configuration and Verification
224(2)
Network Reachability Configuration
224(1)
Name Resolution Configuration
224(1)
Network Proxy Configuration
225(1)
Application Hosting in VRF Namespace
226(6)
VRF Namespace
226(3)
Application Hosting in VRF Namespace Using LXC
229(3)
Container Management
232(2)
Persistent Application Deployment
232(2)
Summary
234(1)
References
234(1)
Chapter 7 Container Orchestration in Cisco NX-OS Platforms
235(56)
Cisco NX-OS Software Architecture
235(4)
NX-OS Foundation
235(1)
NX-OS Modular Software Architecture
236(1)
Fault Detection and Recovery
237(1)
More Benefits of NX-OS
238(1)
Hosting Environment Readiness
239(3)
Guest Shell
239(1)
Platforms Support
239(1)
Platform Resource Requirements
240(1)
Bash
240(1)
LXC-based Open Agent Container (OAC)
240(1)
Platforms Supported
241(1)
Platform Resource Requirements
241(1)
Container Infrastructure Configuration and Instantiation
242(14)
Guest Shell
242(1)
Guest Shell OVA File
242(1)
Deployment Model and Workflow
243(2)
Accessing Guest Shell
245(1)
Accessing Guest Shell via SSH
246(2)
Guest Shell Networking Setup and Verification
248(5)
Installation and Verification of Applications
253(1)
Custom Python Application
253(1)
Python API--Based Application
254(2)
Bash
256(32)
Enabling Bash
256(1)
Accessing Bash from NX-OS
257(1)
Accessing Bash via SSH
258(2)
Docker Containers
260(1)
Docker Client
261(1)
Docker Host
261(2)
Starting Docker Daemon
263(1)
Instantiating a Docker Container with Alpine Image
263(3)
Managing Docker Container
266(2)
Orchestrating Docker Containers Using Kubernetes
268(5)
Orchestrating Docker Containers in a Node from the K8s Master
273(3)
Open Agent Container (OAC)
276(1)
OAC Deployment Model and Workflow
277(3)
Accessing OAC via the Console
280(1)
OAC Networking Setup and Verification
280(4)
Management and Orchestration of OAC
284(1)
Installation and Verification of Applications
285(1)
Custom Python Application
285(2)
Application Using Python APIs
287(1)
Package Management
288(1)
Summary
288(1)
References
289(2)
Chapter 8 Application Developers' Tools and Resources
291(70)
Cisco Development Tool Kits and Resources
291(45)
Nexus Software Development Kit (NX-SDK)
291(1)
NX-SDK Release Versions
292(1)
NX-SDK Deployment Modes
293(1)
NX-SDK Installation and Activation
293(4)
Python APIs---IOS-XE / NX-OS
297(1)
Python API in NX-OS
297(5)
Python API in IOS-XE
302(3)
Nexus API (NX-API)
305(1)
Transport
306(1)
Message Formats
306(1)
Security
306(1)
Enabling NX-API
306(3)
Data Management Engine and Managed Objects
309(1)
NX-API REST
310(8)
RESTCONF, NETCONF, and YANG
318(2)
Enabling RESTCONF Agent in IOS-XE
320(1)
Using a RESTCONF Agent in IOS-XE
321(2)
Enabling RESTCONF Agent in NX-OS
323(2)
Using the RESTCONF Agent in NX-OS
325(2)
Enabling NETCONF Agent in IOS-XE
327(2)
Using the NETCONF Agent in IOS-XE
329(2)
Enabling NETCONF Agent in IOS-XR
331(1)
Using NETCONF Agent in IOS-XR
332(1)
Enabling the NETCONF Agent in NX-OS
333(1)
Using NETCONF Agent in NX-OS
333(3)
Open-Source and Commercial Tools
336(5)
Linx
336(1)
Apache NetBeans
337(1)
GitHub
337(1)
Atom
338(1)
AWSCloud9
338(1)
Zend Studio
339(1)
Eclipse
339(1)
Bootstrap
340(1)
Bitbucket
340(1)
Node.js
341(1)
Building and Deploying Container Images
341(4)
Build Docker Images
341(1)
Dockerfile
342(1)
Docker Build
343(1)
Docker Run
343(1)
Publish Docker Images---Docker Hub
344(1)
Docker Hub Account
344(1)
Docker Hub Repository
344(1)
Docker Hub Publish
344(1)
Docker Pull
345(1)
Docker Registry
345(1)
Configuration and Application Management Tools
345(12)
Ansible
346(1)
Puppet
346(1)
Chef
346(1)
Ansible and IOS-XE
347(1)
Hosts File
347(1)
Authentication
348(1)
Sample Playbook
348(1)
Running a Play book
349(1)
NETCONF Operations with Ansible
350(1)
Puppet and NX-OS
351(1)
Installing and Activating the Puppet Agent
351(2)
Using Puppet Agent
353(1)
Chef and IOS-XR
354(1)
Creating a Chef Cookbook with Recipes
354(1)
Installing and Activating Chef Client
355(2)
Summary
357(1)
References
357(4)
Chapter 9 Container Deployment Use Cases
361(44)
General Use Cases for Enterprise, Service Provider, and Data Center Networks
362(22)
Inventory Management
362(1)
Hardware and Software Stability Check
362(1)
Control Plane Health Check
362(1)
Resource Usage and Scalability Check
362(1)
Configuration Consistency Check
362(1)
Traffic Profiling and Top Talkers
363(1)
Monitor Operational Data to Detect Failures
363(1)
Build Infrastructure for Proof-of-Concept and Testing Purposes
363(1)
Create and Deploy DHCP Docker Container
363(1)
Configure the Catalyst Switch for Application Hosting
363(2)
Create Docker Containers
365(3)
Install and Activate DHCP Docker Container in Catalyst 9000
368(1)
Create and Deploy DNS Docker Container
369(1)
Prepare to Create DNS Docker Container
370(3)
Create DNS Docker Containers
373(1)
Install and Activate DNS Docker Container in Catalyst 9000
374(1)
Create HAProxy and Node Containers
375(1)
Project Initiation
375(1)
Setting Up Web Server
376(1)
Create Docker Image
377(1)
Deploy, Install, and Activate Web Server Docker Containers
378(2)
HAProxy Load Balancer Setup
380(1)
Create Docker Image
381(1)
Install, Activate, and Run HAProxy Docker Containers
382(2)
IOS-XR Use Case: Disaggregated Seamless BFD as a Virtual Network Function for Rapid Failure Detection
384(1)
Seamless BFD Overview
385(2)
S-BFD Discriminator
386(1)
S-BFD Reflector Session
386(1)
Creating and Hosting S-BFD as a Virtual Network Function
387(4)
S-BFD Docker Images
388(1)
Hosting the S-BFD Reflectorbase on the XR Device
388(2)
Hosting the S-BFD Client on the Server
390(1)
NX-OS Use Case: Control Plane Health Check Using an Anomaly Detector
391(7)
Objective of the Application
391(1)
Build and Host the Anomaly Detector Application in Docker---High-Level Procedure
392(1)
Floodlight Application
392(2)
Capturing Traffic
394(1)
Classifying Expected and Unexpected Control Plane Traffic
395(1)
Running the App in NX-OS
396(2)
NX-OS Use Case: NX-OS Docker Health Check
398(6)
Objective of the Application
398(1)
Build and Host the Application in Docker---High-Level Procedure
398(1)
NX-OS Docker Health Check Application
399(1)
Performing Health Check
399(2)
Running the App in NX-OS
401(3)
Summary
404(1)
Chapter 10 Current NFV Offering and Future Trends in Containers
405(20)
App Hosting Services
405(6)
Solenoid
406(1)
Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (TWAMP)
407(1)
tcpdump
407(1)
Cisco Kinetic EFM Module
408(1)
perfSONAR
408(1)
DNS/DHCP
409(1)
NetBeez Agent
409(1)
App Hosting Summary
410(1)
Cisco NFV Offerings
411(7)
Compute Platforms
412(1)
Cisco Unified Computing Servers (UCS)
412(1)
ENCS
412(2)
Virtual Routers and Switches
414(1)
Cisco Ultra Service Platform
415(1)
Cisco Container Platforms
416(1)
Consolidated View
417(1)
Containers and Service Chaining
418(3)
Network Service Header
419(1)
Segment Routing
420(1)
Serverless Computing and Network Functions
421(2)
Summary
423(1)
References
423(2)
Index 425
YogeshRamdoss (CCIE No. 16183) is a principalengineer with the Cisco Customer Experience (CX) organization focusing on datacenter technologies such as Nexus switching platforms (standalone as well asVXLAN fabric), application-centric infrastructure (ACI), and hyperconvergedinfrastructure HyperFlex. Associated with Cisco since 2003, Yogesh is adistinguished speaker at Cisco Live, where he shares his knowledge and educatescustomers and partners on data center platforms and technologies, telemetry, analytics,network programmability, and various troubleshooting and packet capturing tools.He is a machine and behavior learning coinventor.

NagendraKumar Nainar (CCIE No. 20987, CCDE No. 20190014) isa principal engineer with the Cisco Customer Experience (CX) organization(formerly TAC), focusing on enterprise networking. He is the coinventor of morethan 100 patent applications on various cutting-edge technologies and thecoarchitect for various recent technologies. He has coauthored multipleInternet RFCs and IEEE papers. Serving as Technical Program Committee (TPC)member for various IEEE and other international conferences, he is an activespeaker in various industry forums.