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Contemporary Geriatric Medicine, Volume 1 [Hardback]

  • Formāts: Hardback, 436 pages, weight: 789 g, biography
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Aug-1983
  • Izdevniecība: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
  • ISBN-10: 0306413019
  • ISBN-13: 9780306413018
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
  • Formāts: Hardback, 436 pages, weight: 789 g, biography
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Aug-1983
  • Izdevniecība: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
  • ISBN-10: 0306413019
  • ISBN-13: 9780306413018
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
This volume marks the first of a new series, Contemporary Geriatric Medicine, joining the ever growing "Contemporary" family. As with the other "Contem­ porary" volumes, our goal is to assist the reader in maintaining currency in a rapidly changing field. Perhaps no field has shown such major advances in such a short time as geriatrics. Over the last several years, the "demographic impera­ tive" has become a source of concern for many, including clinicians, scientists, econ­ omists, and health planners. Our geriatric knowledge base continues to grow, often making it difficult to keep abreast of advances and current therapeutic modalities. Contemporary Ger­ iatric Medicine presents the state-of-the-art thinking regarding a variety of topics all of major concern to the health practitioner caring for the elderly person. The authors, for the most part serving as members of a stable editorial board, have chosen topics that should have immediate interest to the readership. By having a stable editorial board, continuity is ensured in successive volumes. Every two years, a subsequent issue will either address new thoughts on already presented topics or focus on new topics of current interest. As with the other "Contempo­ rary" series volumes, the every other year interval is intended to allow new find­ ings to develop and be tested. It also provides the authors with time to provide the highest quality of work.
1 Geriatric Cardiology and Blood Pressure.- 1.1. Cardiovascular
Morbidity-Mortality.- 1.2. Cardiovascular Anatomy and Physiology.- 1.2.1.
Anatomic Changes.- 1.2.2. Intrinsic Cardiac Function.- 1.2.3. Autonomic
Reflexes.- 1.2.4. Pulse Wave Characteristics.- 1.3. Clinical Evaluation.-
1.4. Laboratory Investigations.- 1.4.1. Electrocardiogram.- 1.4.2. Exercise
Cardiography.- 1.4.3. Nuclear Cardiology.- 1.4.4. Echocardiography.- 1.4.5.
Ambulatory Electrocardiography.- 1.4.6. Computerized Tomography.- 1.4.7.
Invasive Procedures.- 1.4.7.1. Catheterization and Angiography.- 1.4.7.2.
Electrophysiology.- 1.5. Coronary Artery Disease.- 1.5.1. Presentation and
Diagnosis.- 1.5.2. Therapy.- 1.5.2.1. Beta-Blockers.- 1.5.2.2. Nitrate and
Calcium Channel Blockers.- 1.5.2.3. Antiplatelet Agents.- 1.5.3. Unstable
Angina.- 1.5.4. Coronary Artery Surgery.- 1.5.5. Myocardial Infarction.- 1.6.
Cardiomyopathy.- 1.6.1. Amyloidosis.- 1.6.2. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy.-
1.7. Dissection of the Aorta.- 1.7.1. Diagnosis.- 1.7.2. Therapy.- 1.8.
Valvular Heart Disease.- 1.8.1. Aortic Valve Disease.- 1.8.2. Mitral Valve
Disease.- 1.8.3. Valve Surgery.- 1.8.4. Endocarditis.- 1.9. Atrial Septal
Defect.- 1.10. Syncope.- 1.10.1 Heart Block.- 1.10.2. Sick Sinus Syndrome.-
1.10.3. Ventricular Arrythmias.- 1.10.4. Diagnosis and Treatment.- 1.11.
Cardiovascular Pharmacology.- 1.11.1. Digitalis.- 1.11.2. Antiarrhythmics.-
1.11.3. Propranolol.- 1.11.4. Vasodilators.- 1.12. Preoperative Evaluation.-
1.13. Blood Pressure and Aging.- 1.13.1. Blood Pressure: Determinants and
Effects of Age.- 1.13.1.1. Cardiac Influences.- 1.13.1.2. Neurohumoral
Influences.- 1.13.2. Population Studies.- 1.13.3. Hypertension: Definition.-
1.13.4. Approach to the Patient.- 1.13.4.1. History.- 1.13.4.2. Physical
Examination.- 1.13.4.3. Laboratory Evaluation.- 1.13.5. Essential
Hypertension in the Aged.- 1.13.6. Therapeutic Decision Making.- 1.13.6.1.
Systolic Hypertension.- 1.13.6.2. Combined Systolic Diastolic Hypertension.-
1.13.7. Treatment.- 1.13.7.1. Nonmedical Treatment.- 1.13.7.2. Medical
Therapy.- 1.13.8. Hypotension.- 1.13.8.1. Definitions.- 1.13.8.2.
Management.- 1.13.9. Conclusion.- References.- 2 Pulmonary Aspects of Aging.-
2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. The Aging Lung.- 2.2.1. Introduction.- 2.2.2.
Physiologic Changes.- 2.2.2.1. Lung Volumes.- 2.2.2.2. Flow Rates.- 2.2.2.3.
Respiratory Mechanics.- 2.2.2.4. Gas Exchange.- 2.2.2.5. Diffusing Capacity.-
2.2.2.6. Respiratory Muscle Function.- 2.2.2.7. Control of Breathing.- 2.2.3.
Effects of Cigarette Smoking.- 2.3. Aging and Physical Performance.- 2.3.1.
Introduction.- 2.3.2. Normal Physiologic Responses to Exercise.- 2.3.3.
Effects of Age on Exercise Performance.- 2.3.3.1. Oxygen Consumption.-
2.3.3.2. Cardiac Function.- 2.3.3.3. Ventilation.- 2.3.3.4. Oxygen
Extraction.- 2.3.4. Physical Conditioning and Aging.- 2.4. Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.- 2.4.1. Introduction.- 2.4.2. Definitions and
Differentiation of Diseases.- 2.4.2.1. Asthma.- 2.4.2.2. Chronic Bronchitis.-
2.4.2.3. Emphysema.- 2.4.3. Diagnosis of Airway Obstruction.- 2.4.3.1.
Pulmonary Function Testing.- 2.4.3.2. Assessment of Airway Reversibility.-
2.4.4. Physical Examination.- 2.4.5. Laboratory Studies.- 2.4.5.1. Blood
Tests.- 2.4.5.2. Sputum Analysis.- 2.4.5.3. Arterial Blood Gases.- 2.4.5.4.
Chest Radiography.- 2.4.6. Mechanisms Limiting Exercise Performance.-
2.4.6.1. Diminished Ventilatory Capacity.- 2.4.6.2. Hypoxemia.- 2.4.6.3.
Respiratory Muscle Fatigue.- 2.4.6.4. Right Ventricular Dysfunction Secondary
to Pulmonary Hypertension.- 2.4.7. Therapeutic Strategies.- 2.4.7.1. Smoking
Cessation.- 2.4.7.2. Bronchodilator Therapy.- 2.4.7.3. Oxygen Therapy.-
2.4.7.4. Respiratory Muscle Training.- 2.4.7.5. Pulmonary Vasodilator
Therapy.- 2.4.8. Management of Complications.- 2.4.8.1. Upper Respiratory
Infections.- 2.4.8.2. Pulmonary Hypertension and Cor Pulmonale.- 2.5.
Pneumonia in the Elderly.- 2.5.1. Introduction.- 2.5.2. Pathogenesis of
Pneumonia.- 2.5.3. Respiratory Defenses.- 2.5.4. Clinical Pneumonia
Syndrome.- 2.5.4.1. Typical Bacterial Pneumonias.- 2.5.4.2. Aspiration
Pneumonia.- 2.5.4.3. Atypical and the "New" Pneumonias.- 2.5.5. Diagnostic
Approach.- 2.5.5.1. Sputum.- 2.5.5.2. Blood.- 2.5.5.3. Other Fluids and
Tissue.- 2.5.6. Antibiotic Therapy.- 2.5.6.1. Typical Bacterial Pneumonias.-
2.5.6.2. Aspiration Pneumonia.- 2.5.6.3. Atypical and the "New" Pneumonias.-
2.5.7. Prophylactic Immunization.- 2.5.7.1. S. pneumoniae Pneumonia.-
2.5.7.2. Influenza Pneumonia.- References.- 3 Gastroenterology and the
Elderly.- 3.1. Esophagus.- 3.1.1. Dysphagia.- 3.1.2. Pre-esophageal
Dysphagia.- 3.1.3. Dysfunction of the Gricopharyngus Muscle.- 3.1.3.1.
Diagnosis.- 3.1.3.2. Complications.- 3.1.3.3. Treatment.- 3.1.3.4. Esophageal
Dysphagia.- 3.1.4. Achalasia of the Lower Esophagus.- 3.1.4.1. Clinical
Findings.- 3.1.4.2. Diagnosis.- 3.1.4.3. Treatment.- 3.1.5. Diffuse
Esophageal Spasm.- 3.1.5.1. Diagnosis.- 3.1.5.2. Presbyesophagus.- 3.1.5.3.
Treatment for DES.- 3.1.6. Structural Lesions.- 3.1.7. Esophagitis.- 3.1.7.1.
Infectious Esophagitis.- 3.1.7.2. Reflux Esophagitis.- 3.1.7.3.
Pathogenesis.- 3.1.7.4. Clinical Findings.- 3.1.7.5. Diagnosis.- 3.1.7.6.
Treatment.- 3.2. Stomach.- 3.2.1. Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding.- 3.2.1.1.
Early Endoscopy-Pro and Con.- 3.2.1.2. Therapeutic Endoscopy.- 3.2.2. Peptic
Ulcer Disease.- 3.2.2.1. Incidence.- 3.2.2.2. Etiology.- 3.2.2.3. Diagnosis.-
3.2.2.4. Clinical Course.- 3.2.2.5. Treatment of Ulcer Disease.- 3.2.2.6.
Long-Term Therapy with Cimetidine.- 3.2.2.7. Side Effects.- 3.2.2.8.
Antacids.- 3.2.2.9. Side Effects of Antacids.- 3.2.3. New Drugs.- 3.2.3.1.
Predicators of Ulcer Healing.- 3.2.3.2. Complications.- 3.2.3.3. Bleeding.-
3.2.3.4. Factors Predisposing to Rebleeding.- 3.2.3.5. Diagnosis of Bleeding
Ulcers.- 3.2.3.6. Endoscopy versus Barium Radiologic Studies.- 3.2.3.7.
Rebleeding.- 3.2.3.8. Treatment of Bleeding Ulcers.- 3.2.3.9. Prognosis.-
3.2.4. Giant Duodenal Ulcer.- 3.2.4.1. Obstruction.- 3.2.4.2. Surgery.-
3.2.5. Gastritis.- 3.2.5.1. Etiology.- 3.2.5.2. Clinical Findings.- 3.2.5.3.
Diagnosis.- 3.2.5.4. Treatment.- 3.3. Hepatobiliary Disease.- 3.3.1.
Cirrhosis.- 3.3.1.1. Etiology.- 3.3.1.2. Clinical Findings.- 3.3.1.3.
Treatment.- 3.3.2. Viral Hepatitis.- 3.3.3. Chronic Active Hepatitis.-
3.3.3.1. Etiology.- 3.3.3.2. Clinical Findings.- 3.3.3.3. Diagnosis.-
3.3.3.4. Treatment.- 3.3.3.5. Prognosis.- 3.4. Cholelithiasis.- 3.4.1.
Incidence.- 3.4.1.1. Etiology.- 3.4.1.2. Prognosis.- 3.4.1.3. Treatment.-
3.4.1.4. Gallstone Dissolution.- 3.4.2. Acute Cholecystitis.- 3.4.2.1.
Etiology.- 3.4.2.2. Clinical Findings.- 3.4.2.3. Diagnosis.- 3.4.2.4.
Treatment.- 3.4.3. Choledocholithiasis.- 3.5. Acute Pancreatitis.- 3.5.1.
Incidence.- 3.5.2. Alcoholic Pancreatitis.- 3.5.3. Gallstone Pancreatitis.-
3.5.4. Diagnosis.- 3.5.5. Prognosis.- 3.5.6. Treatment.- 3.5.6.1. Medical.-
3.5.6.2. Surgical.- 3.5.7. Complications.- 3.6. The Colon.- 3.6.1.
Diverticulosis.- 3.6.1.1. Incidence.- 3.6.1.2. Etiology.- 3.6.1.3. Clinical
Findings.- 3.6.1.4. Diagnosis.- 3.6.1.5. Prognosis.- 3.6.2. Diverculititis.-
3.6.2.1. Etiology.- 3.6.2.2. Diagnosis.- 3.6.2.3. Clinical Findings.-
3.6.2.4. Treatment.- 3.6.2.5. Complications.- 3.6.3. Polyposis.- 3.6.3.1.
Incidence.- 3.6.3.2. Etiology.- 3.6.3.3. Multiple Adenomas.- 3.6.3.4.
Relation to Cancer.- 3.6.3.5. Clinical Findings.- 3.6.3.6. Treatment.- 3.6.4.
Superior Mesenteric Artery Occlusion.- 3.6.4.1. Incidence.- 3.6.4.2.
Etiology.- 3.6.4.3. Nonocclusive Disease.- 3.6.4.4. Clinical Findings.-
3.6.4.5. Prognosis.- 3.6.4.6. Treatment.- 3.6.5. Ischemic Colitis.- 3.6.5.1.
Etiology.- 3.6.5.2. Acute Transitory Colitis.- 3.6.5.3. Acute Nongangrenous
Colitis.- 3.6.5.4. Gangrenous Colitis.- 3.6.5.5. Diagnosis.- 3.6.5.6.
Treatment.- 3.6.6. Constipation.- 3.6.6.1. Etiology.- 3.6.6.2. Secondary
Constipation.- 3.6.6.3. Diagnosis.- 3.6.6.4. Treatment.- 3.6.6.5. Major
Complications.- 3.6.6.6. Fecal Impaction.- 3.6.6.7. Treatment.- 3.6.7.
Diarrhea.- 3.6.7.1. Etiology.- 3.6.7.2. Pathogenesis of Diarrhea.- 3.6.7.3.
Diagnosis.- 3.6.7.4. Treatment.- 3.6.8. Flatus.- 3.6.8.1. Etiology.- 3.6.8.2.
Diagnosis.- 3.6.8.3. Treatment.- 3.6.9. Irritable Bowel Syndrome.- 3.6.9.1.
Etiology.- 3.6.9.2. Clinical Findings.- 3.6.9.3. Diagnosis.- 3.6.9.4.
Treatment.- 3.7. Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding.- 3.7.1. Etiology.- 3.7.1.1.
Vascular Ectasias (Angiodysplasias).- 3.7.1.2. Diverticulosis.- 3.7.1.3.
Cancer.- 3.7.1.4. Diagnosis.- 3.7.1.5. Treatment.- 3.8. Cancer.- 3.8.1.
Cancer of the Esophagus.- 3.8.1.1. Etiology.- 3.8.1.2. Clinical Findings.-
3.8.1.3. Diagnosis.- 3.8.1.4. Treatment.- 3.8.2. Cancer of the Stomach.-
3.8.2.1. Etiology.- 3.8.2.2. Clinical Findings.- 3.8.2.3. Diagnosis.-
3.8.2.4. Treatment.- 3.8.3. Colorectal Cancer.- 3.8.3.1. Etiology.- 3.8.3.2.
Diagnosis.- 3.8.3.3. Treatment.- 3.8.4. Cancer of the Pancreas.- 3.8.4.1.
Clinical Findings.- 3.8.4.2. Diagnosis.- 3.8.4.3. Treatment.- 3.8.5.
Hepatoma.- 3.8.5.1. Etiology.- 3.8.5.2. Clinical Findings.- 3.8.5.3.
Diagnosis.- 3.8.5.4. Treatment.- 3.8.6. Cancer of Gallbladder.- 3.8.6.1.
Clinical Findings.- 3.8.6.2. Treatment.- 3.8.7. Summary.- References.- 4
Rheumatology in Geriatrics.- 4.1. Age-Related Changes in the Immune System.-
4.2. Laboratory Evaluation in the Rheumatic Diseases.- 4.2.1. Erythrocyte
Sedimentation Rate.- 4.2.2. Rheumatoid Factor.- 4.2.3. Antinuclear Antibody.-
4.3. Rheumatoid Arthritis.- 4.3.1. Epidemiology.- 4.3.2. Clinical
Manifestations.- 4.3.3. Management.- 4.4. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.-
4.4.1. Epidemiology.- 4.4.2. Clinical Manifestations.- 4.4.3. Management.-
4.4.4. Drug-Induced Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.- 4.4.4.1. Clinical
Manifestations.- 4.4.4.2. Management.- 4.5. Sjogren's Syndrome.- 4.5.1.
Epidemiology.- 4.5.2. Diagnosis.- 4.5.3. Clinical Associations.- 4.5.4.
Clinical Manifestations.- 4.5.4.1. Natural History.- 4.5.4.2. Immunologic
Correlates.- 4.5.4.3. Management.- 4.6. Amyloidosis.- 4.6.1. Biochemistry of
Amyloid.- 4.6.2. Clinical Amyloid Syndromes.- 4.6.2.1. Primary Generalized
Amyloidosis.- 4.6.2.2. Amyloidosis of Aging.- 4.6.3. Diagnosis.- 4.6.4.
Management.- 4.7. Crystal-Induced Arthropathies.- 4.7.1. Hyperuricemia and
Gout.- 4.7.1.1. Epidemiology.- 4.7.1.2. Clinical Manifestations.- 4.7.1.3.
Management.- 4.7.2. Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystal Deposition
Disease.- 4.7.2.1. Epidemiology.- 4.7.2.2. Clinical Manifestations.- 4.7.2.3.
Etiology and Pathogenesis.- 4.7.2.4. Associated Disorders.- 4.7.2.5.
Management.- 4.7.3. Hydroxyapatite Deposition Disease.- 4.8. Osteoarthritis.-
4.8.1. Epidemiology.- 4.8.2. Biology of Normal Cartilage.- 4.8.3. Pathology
of OA and Age-Related Changes in Cartilage.- 4.8.4. Pathogenesis.- 4.8.5.
Clinical Manifestations.- 4.8.6. Management.- 4.9. Seronegative
Spondyloarthropathies.- 4.10. Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant-Cell
Arteritis.- 4.10.1. Clinical Manifestations.- 4.10.2. Diagnosis.- 4.10.3.
Management.- 4.11. Malignancies and Rheumatic Diseases.- 4.11.1. Hypertrophic
Osteoarthropathy.- 4.11.2. Malignancy-Related Polyarthritis.- 4.11.3.
Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis.- 4.11.4. Metastatic Disease.- 4.11.5.
Leukemia.- 4.11.6. Carcinoma of the Pancreas.- 4.12. Medications for the
Treatment of Rheumatic Diseases.- 4.12.1. General Principles of Drug
Therapy.- 4.12.2. Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs.- 4.12.2.1. Mechanisms
of Action.- 4.12.2.2. Metabolism.- 4.12.2.3. Side-Effects and
Hypersensitivity Reactions.- 4.12.2.4. Drug Interactions.- 4.12.2.5. Drug
Administration.- 4.12.3. Corticosteroids.- 4.12.4. Gold Therapy.- 4.12.5.
Allopurinol.- References.- 5 Genitourinary Problems in the Elderly.- 5.1.
Renal Function.- 5.1.1. Renal Changes with Aging.- 5.1.2. Acute Renal
Failure.- 5.1.2.1. Prerenal Azotemia.- 5.1.2.2. Acute Parenchymal Renal
Failure.- 5.1.2.3. Postrenal (Obstructive) Uropathy.- 5.1.3. Management of
Acute Renal Failure.- 5.1.4. Electrolytes in Renal Failure.- 5.1.5.
Neurologic Manifestations of Renal Failure.- 5.1.6. Chronic Renal Failure.-
5.1.7. Hemodialysis.- 5.1.8. Peritoneal Dialysis.- 5.1.9. Rehabilitation on
Dialysis.- 5.2. Bladder Physiology.- 5.2.1. Anatomy and Physiology of
Micturition.- 5.2.2. Urodynamics.- 5.2.3. Neurogenic Bladder.- 5.2.4.
Treatment of Neurogenic Bladder.- 5.2.5. Intermittent Catheterization and
Diversion.- 5.3. Carcinoma of the Bladder.- 5.3.1. Etiology and Natural
History of Bladder Cancer.- 5.3.2. Staging of Bladder Cancer.- 5.3.3.
Treatment of Bladder Cancer.- 5.3.4. Topical Chemotherapy of Bladder Cancer.-
5.3.5. Systemic Chemotherapy for Bladder Cancer.- 5.4. Physiology of the
Prostate Gland.- 5.4.1. The Normal Prostate.- 5.4.2. The Aging Prostate.-
5.4.3. Relief of Prostatic Obstruction.- 5.4.4. Infection of the Prostate
Gland.- 5.5. Prostatic Carcinoma.- 5.5.1. Etiology and Natural History of
Prostatic Carcinoma.- 5.5.2. Current Treatment of Prostatic Carcinoma.-
5.5.3. Screening for Prostatic Cancer.- 5.5.4. Spread of Prostatic Cancer to
Bone.- 5.5.5. Pattern of Metastatic Spread of Prostatic Cancer.- 5.5.6. Host
Response to Metastatic Prostatic Cancer.- 5.5.7. Calcium Metabolism in
Patients with Metastatic Prostatic Cancer.- 5.5.8. Assessment of Bone
Metastases.- 5.5.9. Treatment of Bone Metastases.- References.- 6
Endocrinology and Metabolism in the Elderly.- 6.1. Osteoporosis.- 6.1.1.
Introduction.- 6.1.2. Definition.- 6.1.3. Pathogenesis.- 6.1.4. Natural
History.- 6.1.5. Diagnosis.- 6.1.6. Treatment.- 6.1.7. Summary.- 6.2.
Osteomalacia.- 6.2.1. Pathophysiology and Natural History.- 6.2.2.
Diagnosis.- 6.2.3. Treatment.- 6.2.4. Summary.- 6.3. Paget's Disease of
Bone.- 6.3.1. Definition.- 6.3.2. Pathophysiology.- 6.3.3. Diagnosis.- 6.3.4.
Treatment.- 6.3.5. Summary.- 6.4. Age-Related Changes in Thyroid Hormone
Economy.- 6.4.1. Introduction.- 6.4.2. Thyroid Function Testing.- 6.4.3.
Effect of Age on Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Interrelationships.- 6.5.
Hyperthyroidism in the Elderly.- 6.5.1. Introduction.- 6.5.2. Clinical
Presentation.- 6.5.3. Treatment.- 6.6. Hypothyroidism.- 6.6.1. Introduction.-
6.6.2. Clinical Presentation.- 6.6.3. Treatment.- 6.7. Clinical Aspects of
Gonadal and Sexual Function in Elderly Men ..- 6.7.1. Introduction.- 6.7.2.
Sexual Function in the Elderly.- 6.7.2.1. The Physiology of the Male Sexual
Response.- 6.7.2.2. Effects of Aging on Sexual Activity in Men.- 6.7.2.3.
Alterations in the Physiological Sexual Response with Age.- 6.7.3. The
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Testicular Axis.- 6.7.3.1. Brief Review of Hormonal
Physiology.- 6.7.3.2. Hormonal Changes in Aging Men.- 6.7.3.3. Pituitary
Function in Aging Men.- 6.7.4. Testosterone and Sexual Activity.- 6.7.5.
Other Causes of Impotence in the Elderly.- 6.7.6. Evaluating Impotence.-
6.7.7. Conclusions.- 6.8. Menopause.- 6.8.1. Introduction.- 6.8.2. Hormonal
Changes in the Peri- and Postmenopausal Period.- 6.8.3. Sex Steroids.- 6.9.
Clinical Problems of the Climacteric.- 6.9.1. Introduction.- 6.9.2. Vasomotor
Symptoms.- 6.9.3. Osteoporosis.- 6.9.4. Atrophy of the Genitalia.- 6.9.5.
Cardiovascular Disease.- 6.10. Estrogen Use in Postmenopausal Women.- 6.10.1.
Benefits and Risks.- 6.10.2. Conclusions.- References.- 7 Neuropsychiatric
Problems in the Elderly.- 7.1. Introduction.- 7.2. Psychiatric Problems.-
7.2.1. Thought Disorders.- 7.2.1.1. Schizophrenia.- 7.2.1.2. Late-Occurring
Paranoid States.- 7.2.1.3. Thought Disorders Secondary to an Organic Mental
Disorder.- 7.2.2. Affective Disorders.- 7.2.2.1. Depression.- 7.2.2.2.
Mania.- 7.2.3. Neurotic Disorders.- 7.2.3.1. Anxiety Neurosis.- 7.2.3.2.
Compulsive Neurosis.- 7.2.3.3. Hysterical Neurosis.- 7.2.3.4. Chronic
Fatigue.- 7.2.3.5. Hypochondriasis.- 7.2.4. Special Problems.- 7.2.4.1. Sleep
Disturbances.- 7.2.4.2. Stress.- 7.2.4.3. Relationship between Functional
Disorder and Physical Illness.- 7.2.4.4. Suicide.- 7.3. Drugs of Abuse.-
7.3.1. Introduction.- 7.3.2. Comparison of Drugs of Abuse-Young versus Aged.-
7.3.3. The Elderly Abuser.- 7.3.4. Thought on Causation of Alcohol Abuse in
the Elderly.- 7.4. Organic Mental Disorders.- 7.4.1. Introduction.- 7.4.2.
Causes of Dementia.- 7.4.3. Dementia as a Biopsychosocial Problem.- 7.4.4.
Differential Diagnosis.- 7.4.5. Specifics Regarding Diagnosis of Dementia.-
7.4.6. Alzheimer's Disease.- 7.4.6.1. Epidemiology.- 7.4.6.2.
Etiological/Risk Factors.- 7.4.6.3. Pathological Correlations.- 7.4.6.4.
Pick's Disease-The Clinical/Pathological Comparison with Alzheimer's.-
7.4.6.5. Treatment.- 7.5. Neurologic Diseases.- 7.5.1. Huntington's Disease.-
7.5.2. Parkinson's Disease.- 7.6. Conclusion.- References.- 8 Nutritional
Problems in the Elderly.- 8.1. Statement of Purpose.- 8.2. Introduction.-
8.3. Aging Influences on Nutritional Data Interpretation.- 8.3.1. Metabolic
Change.- 8.3.2. Physical Activity.- 8.4. Nutritional Assessment in the
Elderly.- 8.4.1. Dietary History.- 8.4.1.1. Nutritional Interview and
History-Taking in the Elderly.- 8.4.1.2. Geriatric Nutritional History.-
8.4.1.3. Major Tools of Dietary History.- 8.4.2. Clinical Evaluation.-
8.4.2.1. Introduction.- 8.4.2.2. Anthropometric Indicators of Nutritional
Status.- 8.4.2.3. Clinical Evaluation: Summary.- 8.4.3. Biochemical and
Laboratory Evaluations of Nutritional Status.- 8.5. Nutritional Surveys.-
8.5.1. Introduction.- 8.5.2. Major Nutritional Surveys.- 8.5.2.1.
Introduction.- 8.5.2.2. Details.- 8.5.2.3. Summary.- 8.5.3. Detailed, but
Limited, Nutritional Surveys.- 8.5.3.1. Introduction.- 8.5.3.2. Details of
Surveys.- 8.5.3.3. Summary.- 8.6. Nutrient Recommendations for Older
Americans.- 8.7. Drug-Diet Interactions in the Aged.- 8.8. The Kitchen: A
Geriatric Health Hazard.- 8.9. Final Summary and Nutritional Research
Imperative for the Elderly.- References.- 9 Preventive Medicine for the
Elderly.- 9.1. Introduction.- 9.2. Primary Prevention.- 9.2.1. Anticipatory
Guidance for the Elderly Patient.- 9.2.2. Nutrition in the Elderly.- 9.2.3.
Exercise for the Elderly.- 9.2.4. Smoking and the Elderly.- 9.2.5. Promoting
the Safe Use of Drugs in the Elderly.- 9.2.6. Mental Health of the Elderly.-
9.2.7. Alcoholism in the Elderly.- 9.2.8. Environmental Geriatrics.- 9.2.9.
Geriatric Dentistry.- 9.3. Secondary Prevention.- 9.3.1. Introduction.-
9.3.2. Assessment of Psychosocial and Physical Function.- 9.4. Tertiary
Prevention.- 9.4.1. General Rehabilitation for the Geriatric Patient.-
9.4.1.1. Preventive Aspects of Rehabilitation.- 9.4.1.2. Potential Problems
with Rehabilitating the Elderly.- 9.4.2. Cardiac Rehabilitation.- 9.4.3.
Pulmonary Rehabilitation.- 9.5. Summary.- References.