Table of Case Law (Court of Justice of the European Union) |
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xxv | |
Abbreviations |
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xxxi | |
Origin, Objectives, and Content of the Directive |
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1 | (15) |
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1 Process, Rationale, and State of the EU Copyright Harmonization Process: From the Early Days to the Digital Single Market Strategy |
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1 | (8) |
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1.1 A Short History of EU Copyright Harmonization |
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2 | (4) |
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1.2 The Pursuit of Copyright Harmonization Objectives |
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6 | (3) |
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2 The Digital Single Market Strategy, the Commission's Proposal, and the Negotiation Process |
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9 | (4) |
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2.1 The Digital Single Market Strategy |
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10 | (1) |
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2.2 The Proposal for a Directive on Copyright in the Digital Single Market |
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11 | (1) |
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2.3 The Negotiation Process and the Adoption of the Directive |
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12 | (1) |
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3 Overview of the Directive: Content and Objectives |
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13 | (3) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (2) |
Article 1 Subject Matter and Scope |
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16 | (7) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (2) |
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3 Relation to Pre-existing EU Legislation |
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21 | (2) |
Article 2 Definitions |
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23 | (2) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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2.1 'Research Organisation' |
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24 | (1) |
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2.2 'Text and Data Mining' |
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24 | (1) |
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2.3 'Cultural Heritage Institution' |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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2.5 'Information Society Service' |
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24 | (1) |
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2.6 'Online Content-sharing Service Provider' |
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24 | (1) |
Article 3 Text and Data Mining for the Purposes of Scientific Research |
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25 | (35) |
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29 | (5) |
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1.1 Earlier National Experiences |
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30 | (1) |
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1.2 The Commission's Proposal |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (2) |
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33 | (1) |
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2 TDM Processes from a Technical Standpoint |
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34 | (4) |
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34 | (1) |
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2.2 Extraction and/or Copying of Content |
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35 | (2) |
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2.3 Mining of Text and/or Data and Knowledge Discovery |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (2) |
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4 Nature of the Exception in Article 3 and its Relation to Article 4 |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (5) |
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41 | (1) |
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5.2 Research Organizations |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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5.4 Cultural Heritage Institutions |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (1) |
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6 Exclusive Rights to which the Exception Applies |
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46 | (10) |
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6.1 Right of Reproduction in the Database Directive 96/9 |
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46 | (2) |
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47 | (1) |
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6.1.2 Copyright Subsistence and Scope of the Right of Reproduction |
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47 | (1) |
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6.2 Right of Reproduction in the InfoSoc Directive 2001/29 |
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48 | (3) |
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6.2.1 The Right of Reproduction of Authors in Relation to Works |
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49 | (1) |
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6.2.2 The Right of Reproduction of Other Rightholders in Article 2 of the InfoSoc Directive 2001/29 |
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50 | (1) |
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6.3 Right of Reproduction of Press Publishers Pursuant to Article 15 |
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51 | (1) |
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6.4 Database (Sui Generis) Right |
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52 | (2) |
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6.5 Interpretation of Exceptions (including Article 3) and Compliance with the Three-step Test |
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54 | (2) |
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7 Storage and Retention of Copies |
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56 | (1) |
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8 Measures Applied by Rightholders |
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57 | (1) |
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9 Continued Application of Other Provisions and Freedom of Member States |
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58 | (2) |
Article 4 Exception or Limitation for Text and Data Mining |
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60 | (33) |
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63 | (5) |
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1.1 Earlier National Experiences |
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64 | (1) |
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1.2 The Commission's Proposal |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (2) |
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67 | (1) |
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2 TDM Processes from a Copyright Standpoint |
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68 | (3) |
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68 | (1) |
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2.2 Extraction and/or Copying of Content |
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69 | (2) |
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2.3 Mining of Text and/or Data and Knowledge Discovery |
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71 | (1) |
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71 | (3) |
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4 Nature of the Exception or Limitation in Article 4 and its Relation to Article 3 |
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74 | (2) |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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6 Exclusive Rights to which the Exception or Limitation Applies |
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77 | (12) |
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6.1 Right of Reproduction in the Database Directive 96/9 |
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77 | (2) |
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77 | (1) |
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6.1.2 Copyright Subsistence and Scope of the Right of Reproduction |
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78 | (1) |
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6.2 Right of Reproduction in the InfoSoc Directive 2001/29 |
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79 | (3) |
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6.2.1 The Right of Reproduction of Authors in Relation to Works |
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80 | (1) |
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6.2.2 The Right of Reproduction of Other Rightholders in Article 2 of the InfoSoc Directive 2001/29 |
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81 | (1) |
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6.3 Right of Reproduction of Press Publishers Pursuant to Article 15 |
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82 | (1) |
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6.4 Database (Sui Generis) Right |
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83 | (2) |
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6.5 Rights in Computer Programs under the Software Directive 2009/24 |
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85 | (2) |
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6.6 Interpretation of Exceptions and Limitations (including Article 4) and Compliance with the Three-step Test |
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87 | (2) |
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7 Retention of Copies and Extractions |
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89 | (1) |
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8 Reservation by Rightholders |
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89 | (1) |
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9 Measures Applied by Rightholders |
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90 | (1) |
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10 Continued Application of Other Provisions and Freedom of Member States |
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91 | (2) |
Article 5 Use of Works and Other Subject Matter in Digital and Cross-border Teaching Activities |
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93 | (35) |
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96 | (2) |
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98 | (2) |
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3 Nature of the Exception or Limitation in Article 5 and its Relation to Pre-existing Exceptions or Limitations |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (4) |
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101 | (2) |
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4.2 Illustration for Teaching |
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103 | (1) |
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4.3 Non-commercial Purpose |
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103 | (1) |
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4.4 Educational Establishment |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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5 Exclusive Rights to which the Exception or Limitation in Article 5 Applies |
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105 | (17) |
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5.1 Rights in Copyright-protected Databases |
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106 | (2) |
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106 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Copyright Subsistence |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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5.2 Database (Sui Generis) Right |
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108 | (3) |
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5.3 Right of Reproduction in the InfoSoc Directive 2001/29 |
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111 | (3) |
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5.3.1 The Right of Reproduction of Authors in Relation to Works |
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111 | (1) |
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5.3.2 The Right of Reproduction of Other Rightholders in Article 2 of the InfoSoc Directive 2001/29 |
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112 | (2) |
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5.4 Right of Communication/Making Available to the Public in the InfoSoc Directive 2001/29 |
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114 | (3) |
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5.5 Rights in Computer Programs in the Software Directive 2009/24 |
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117 | (2) |
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5.6 Press Publishers' Right |
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119 | (1) |
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5.6.1 Right of Reproduction |
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120 | (1) |
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5.6.2 Right of Making Available to the Public |
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120 | (1) |
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5.7 Interpretation of Exceptions and Limitations (including Article 5) and Compliance with the Three-step Test |
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120 | (2) |
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6 Freedom of Member States |
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122 | (3) |
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6.1 Licensing in Lieu of the Exception or Limitation |
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123 | (1) |
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6.2 Proportion of Work or Other Subject Matter |
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124 | (1) |
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6.3 Possibility of Fair Compensation |
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124 | (1) |
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7 Country of Origin Principle |
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125 | (1) |
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8 Measures Applied by Rightholders |
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126 | (1) |
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9 Continued Application of Other Provisions and Freedom of Member States |
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127 | (1) |
Article 6 Preservation of Cultural Heritage |
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128 | (23) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (2) |
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3 Nature of the Exception in Article 6 and its Relation to Article 5(2)(c) of the InfoSoc Directive 2001/29 |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (3) |
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4.1 Cultural Heritage Institutions, including Third-party Involvement |
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134 | (2) |
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4.2 Permanency in the Collection |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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5 Exclusive Rights to which the Exception Applies |
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137 | (11) |
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5.1 Right of Reproduction in the Database Directive 96/9 |
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137 | (2) |
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138 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Copyright Subsistence and Scope of the Right of Reproduction |
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138 | (1) |
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5.2 Database (Sui Generis) Right |
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139 | (3) |
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5.3 Right of Reproduction in the InfoSoc Directive 2001/29 |
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142 | (3) |
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5.3.1 The Right of Reproduction of Authors in Relation to Works |
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142 | (2) |
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5.3.2 The Right of Reproduction of Other Rightholders in Article 2 of the InfoSoc Directive 2001/29 |
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144 | (1) |
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5.4 Right of Reproduction in the Software Directive 2009/24 |
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145 | (1) |
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5.5 Right of Reproduction of Press Publishers Pursuant to Article 15 |
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146 | (1) |
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5.6 Interpretation of Exceptions and Limitations (including Article 6) and Compliance with the Three-step Test |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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7 Measures Applied by Rightholders |
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149 | (1) |
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8 Continued Application of Other Provisions and Freedom of Member States |
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150 | (1) |
Article 7 Common Provisions |
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151 | (7) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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3 Prohibition of Contractual Override |
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154 | (1) |
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4 Three-step Test in Article 5(5) of the InfoSoc Directive 2001/29 |
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154 | (3) |
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5 Technological Measures in Article 6(4) of the InfoSoc Directive 2001/29 |
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157 | (1) |
Article 8 Use of Out-of-commerce Works and Other Subject Matter by Cultural Heritage Institutions |
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158 | (45) |
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164 | (4) |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (7) |
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3.1 Non-commercial Purposes |
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169 | (1) |
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3.2 Cultural Heritage Institution, including Third-party Involvement |
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170 | (2) |
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172 | (2) |
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3.4 Permanency in the Collection |
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174 | (1) |
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3.5 Sufficiently Representative Collective Management Organization |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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4 Licensing Mechanism (Article 8(1)) |
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176 | (3) |
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4.1 Requirements for Collective Management Organizations |
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176 | (1) |
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4.2 Character and Scope of the Licence |
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177 | (1) |
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4.3 Freedom and Obligations of Member States |
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177 | (2) |
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5 Exception or Limitation (Article 8(2)) |
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179 | (20) |
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5.1 Exclusive Rights to which the Exception or Limitation Applies |
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179 | (15) |
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5.1.1 Rights in Copyright-protected Databases |
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180 | (2) |
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5.1.1.1 Notion of Database |
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180 | (1) |
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5.1.1.2 Copyright Subsistence |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Database (Sui Generis) Right |
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182 | (3) |
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5.1.3 Right of Reproduction in the InfoSoc Directive 2001/29 |
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185 | (3) |
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5.1.3.1 The Right of Reproduction of Authors in Relation to Works |
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185 | (1) |
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5.1.3.2 The Right of Reproduction of Other Rightholders in Article of the InfoSoc Directive 2001/29 |
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186 | (2) |
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5.1.4 Right of Communication/Making Available to the Public in the InfoSoc Directive 2001/29 |
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188 | (3) |
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5.1.5 Rights in Computer Programs in the Software Directive 2009/24 |
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191 | (2) |
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5.1.6 Press Publishers' Right |
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193 | (79) |
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5.1.6.1 Right of Reproduction |
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194 | (1) |
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5.1.6.2 Right of Making Available to the Public |
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194 | (1) |
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5.2 Interpretation of Exceptions and Limitations (including Article 8(2)) and Compliance with the Three-step Test |
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194 | (2) |
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5.3 Nature and Scope of the Exception or Limitation |
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196 | (2) |
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5.4 Country of Origin Principle |
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198 | (1) |
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5.5 Freedom and Obligations of Member States |
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198 | (1) |
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5.6 Measures Applied by Rightholders |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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7 Exclusion for Third-country Works and Subject Matter |
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200 | (1) |
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8 Continued Application of Other Provisions and Freedom of Member States |
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201 | (2) |
Article 9 Cross-border Uses |
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203 | (5) |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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3 Licences with Cross-border Effects |
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206 | (1) |
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4 Country of Origin Principle for the Exception or Limitation |
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207 | (1) |
Article 10 Publicity Measures |
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208 | (7) |
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210 | (1) |
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210 | (2) |
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3 Basic and Additional Information |
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212 | (2) |
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212 | (1) |
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3.2 Additional Information |
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213 | (1) |
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4 The Portal Established and Managed by the EUIPO |
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214 | (1) |
Article 11 Stakeholder Dialogue |
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215 | (4) |
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217 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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3 Member States' Obligations |
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218 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
Article 12 Collective Licensing with an Extended Effect |
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219 | (16) |
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223 | (2) |
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225 | (1) |
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3 Requirements for and Scope of Collective Licences with an Extended Effect |
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226 | (2) |
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3.1 Collective Management Organizations |
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227 | (1) |
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3.2 Object and Territory of the Licensing Agreement |
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227 | (1) |
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4 Obligations of Member States |
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228 | (4) |
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4.1 Availability of Collecting Licensing Agreements with an Extended Effect |
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229 | (1) |
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4.2 Safeguards for Rightholders, including Opt-out Mechanism |
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229 | (2) |
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4.3 Information to the Commission |
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231 | (1) |
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5 Freedom of Member States |
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232 | (1) |
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6 Continued Application of Other Provisions |
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233 | (1) |
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7 The Commission's Report |
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233 | (2) |
Article 13 Negotiation Mechanism |
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235 | (4) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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3 Obligations of Member States |
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237 | (2) |
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3.1 Impartial Body or Mediators |
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237 | (1) |
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3.2 Notification to the Commission |
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238 | (1) |
Article 14 Works of Visual Art in the Public Domain |
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239 | (11) |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (3) |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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3.5 Cultural Heritage Institutions |
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243 | (1) |
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4 Requirements for Copyright Protection of Material |
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244 | (3) |
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244 | (1) |
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4.2 Originality as Author's Own Intellectual Creation |
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245 | (1) |
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4.3 Copyright Protection of 'Material Resulting from an Act of Reproduction' |
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246 | (1) |
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5 Requirements for Protection of 'Material' through Related Rights |
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247 | (1) |
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5.1 Protection of Non-original (Simple) Photographs |
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248 | (1) |
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6 Relation to Other Legal Regimes |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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8 Application in Time and Freedom of Member States |
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249 | (1) |
Article 15 Protection of Press Publications Concerning Online Uses |
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250 | (45) |
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253 | (4) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (5) |
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258 | (1) |
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3.2 Establishment in a Member State |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (2) |
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262 | (1) |
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3.5 Information Society Service Providers |
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262 | (1) |
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4 Scope of the Right: Right of Reproduction (Article 2 of the InfoSoc Directive 2001/29) |
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263 | (4) |
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4.1 The Right of Reproduction of Authors in Relation to Works |
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264 | (1) |
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4.2 The Right of Reproduction of Other Rightholders in Article 2 of the InfoSoc Directive 2001/29 |
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265 | (1) |
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4.3 The Right of Reproduction of Press Publishers |
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266 | (1) |
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5 Scope of the Right: Right of Making Available to the Public (Article 3(2) of the InfoSoc Directive 2001/29) |
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267 | (5) |
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5.1 The right of Making Available to the Public in Article 3(2) of the InfoSoc Directive 2001/29 |
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268 | (1) |
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5.2 Construction of the Right of Communication/Making Available to the Public |
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269 | (2) |
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5.3 The Right of Making Available to the Public of Press Publishers |
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271 | (1) |
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6 Scope of the Right: Exclusions and Restrictions |
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272 | (15) |
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6.1 Uses of Press Publications by Individual Users |
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272 | (2) |
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6.1.1 Private or Non-commercial Uses |
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273 | (1) |
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6.2 Individual Words and Very Short Extracts (Including Titles and Headlines) |
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274 | (2) |
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276 | (9) |
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6.3.1 Acts of Hyperlinking and the Right of Reproduction |
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277 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Acts of Hyperlinking and the Right of Making Available to the Public |
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278 | (6) |
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6.3.2.1 Linking and Contractual Restrictions |
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282 | (2) |
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6.3.3 Types of Links to which the Exclusion in Article 15 Applies |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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6.5 Works or Subject Matter for which Protection has Expired |
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286 | (1) |
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7 Waivability and Transferability of the Right; Licensing Aspects |
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287 | (1) |
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8 Exceptions and Limitations |
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287 | (5) |
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8.1 Exceptions and Limitations under the InfoSoc Directive 2001/29 |
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287 | (2) |
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8.2 Beneficiaries of Exceptions and Limitations in Connection with Article 15 |
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289 | (1) |
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8.3 Quotation under EU Law |
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290 | (2) |
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8.3.1 Acceptable Quotation of a Press Publication |
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292 | (1) |
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9 Third-party Rights in Subject Matter Incorporated in a Press Publication |
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292 | (2) |
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9.1 Revenue-sharing: Meaning of Appropriateness |
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293 | (1) |
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10 Relation to Other EU Directives |
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294 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
Article 16 Claims to Fair Compensation |
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295 | (6) |
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296 | (2) |
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298 | (1) |
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3 Requirement of Author's Consent |
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299 | (1) |
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4 Freedom of Member States |
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299 | (2) |
Article 17 Use of Protected Content by Online Content-sharing Service Providers |
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301 | (59) |
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308 | (6) |
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1.1 The Structure of the Commission's Proposal |
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308 | (2) |
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1.2 The Undertaking of Acts of Communication/Making Available to the Public and Safe Harbour Availability under the Pre-existing Acquis |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (2) |
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1.5 Polish CJEU Challenge |
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314 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (18) |
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3.1 Online Content Sharing Service Providers (OCSSPs) |
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315 | (9) |
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3.1.1 Information Society Service |
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316 | (1) |
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3.1.2 Storing and Giving Access to Copyright Works and Other Protected Subject Matter |
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317 | (4) |
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317 | (1) |
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3.1.2.2 Giving Access to the Public |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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3.1.2.5 Main or One of the Main Purposes |
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321 | (1) |
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3.1.3 Organization and Promotion of Content for Profit-making Purposes |
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321 | (2) |
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3.1.3.1 Organization and Promotion |
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321 | (1) |
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3.1.3.2 Profit-making Purposes |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (1) |
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3.2 Communication/Making Available to the Public |
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324 | (5) |
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3.2.1 Right of Communication to the Public (Article 3 the InfoSoc Directive 2001/29) |
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324 | (3) |
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3.2.2 Nature of Article 17 and of its Right of Communication to the Public |
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327 | (2) |
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329 | (1) |
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330 | (3) |
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3.4.1 In Relation to Article 17(4)(a) |
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330 | (2) |
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3.4.2 In Relation to Article 17(4)(b) and (c) |
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332 | (1) |
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4 Authorization Obtained by OCSSPs and its Scope |
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333 | (2) |
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4.1 Authorization to OCSSPs in Relation to Their Own Activities |
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334 | (1) |
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4.2 Authorization to OCSSPs in Relation to Users' Activities |
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334 | (1) |
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5 Exclusion of the Hosting Safe Harbour |
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335 | (1) |
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6 Liability of OCSSPs in Certain Cases |
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336 | (8) |
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6.1 Article 17(4) as a Specific Liability Mechanism |
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336 | (1) |
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6.2 Liability Regime in Case of No Authorization Obtained |
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337 | (5) |
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6.2.1 Best Efforts to Ensure the Unavailability of Specific Works and Other Subject Matter |
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338 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Obligations of Rightholders and OCSSPs |
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339 | (2) |
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6.2.3 Preventing Further Uploads of Unlawful Content |
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341 | (1) |
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6.3 Specific Liability Regime for Certain OCSSPs |
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342 | (2) |
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7 Protection of Users and Exceptions and Limitations with Mandatory Character |
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344 | (10) |
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7.1 Quotation, Criticism, Review in the InfoSoc Directive 2001/29 |
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348 | (2) |
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7.2 Quotation, Criticism, Review in Article 17(7)(a) |
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350 | (1) |
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7.3 Use for the Purpose of Caricature, Parody, or Pastiche (Article 17(7)(b)) |
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351 | (2) |
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7.4 Interpretation of Exceptions and Limitations |
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353 | (1) |
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8 No General Obligation to Monitor and Information to Rightholders |
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354 | (1) |
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9 Ex Ante Blocking and Complaint and Redress Mechanism |
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355 | (2) |
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10 Stakeholder Dialogues and Commission Guidelines |
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357 | (1) |
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11 Freedom of Member States |
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358 | (1) |
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12 Application in Time and Review |
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359 | (1) |
Article 18 Principle of Appropriate and Proportionate Remuneration |
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360 | (8) |
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361 | (1) |
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362 | (1) |
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3 Notion of Appropriate and Proportionate Remuneration |
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363 | (1) |
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4 Scope of Application and Exclusions |
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364 | (3) |
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4.1 Non-applicability to Authors of Computer Programs |
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365 | (1) |
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366 | (1) |
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367 | (1) |
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5 Obligations and Freedom of Member States |
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367 | (1) |
Article 19 Transparency Obligation |
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368 | (13) |
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371 | (1) |
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372 | (1) |
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3 Beneficiaries and Addressees of the Transparency Obligation |
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373 | (1) |
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|
373 | (1) |
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3.1.1 Non-applicability to Authors of Computer Programs |
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373 | (1) |
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374 | (1) |
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4 Information Subject to the Transparency Obligation |
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374 | (4) |
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4.1 Core Information (Article 19(1)) |
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375 | (2) |
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4.1.1 Content of the Information |
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375 | (1) |
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4.1.2 Type of Information |
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376 | (1) |
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4.1.3 Frequency and Modality of the Information |
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377 | (1) |
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4.2 Additional Information (Article 19(2)) |
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377 | (1) |
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5 Scope and Breach of the Transparency Obligation |
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378 | (1) |
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5.1 Limitation of the Obligation |
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378 | (1) |
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378 | (1) |
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6 Collective Bargaining and Collective Rights Management |
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379 | (1) |
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7 Mandatory Nature and Contractual Override |
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380 | (1) |
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8 Application in Time and Transitional Period |
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380 | (1) |
Article 20 Contract Adjustment Mechanism |
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381 | (12) |
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383 | (1) |
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|
383 | (1) |
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3 Beneficiaries and Addressees |
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|
384 | (2) |
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3.1 Non-applicability to Authors of Computer Programs |
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385 | (1) |
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4 Additional, Appropriate, and Fair Remuneration |
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386 | (3) |
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4.1 Disproportionately Low Original Remuneration |
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386 | (1) |
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4.2 Notions of Additional, Appropriate, and Fair Remuneration |
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387 | (2) |
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5 Scope of the Contract Adjustment Mechanism and Exclusions |
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389 | (2) |
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6 Mandatory Nature and Dispute Resolution |
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391 | (1) |
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|
391 | (2) |
Article 21 Alternative Dispute Resolution Procedure |
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393 | (7) |
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394 | (1) |
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|
395 | (1) |
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3 Eligibility for the ADR Mechanism |
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396 | (1) |
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3.1 Non-applicability to Authors of Computer Programs |
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396 | (1) |
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4 Availability of the ADR Mechanism and Exclusions |
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397 | (1) |
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5 Obligations and Freedom of Member States |
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398 | (1) |
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|
398 | (1) |
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7 Relationship between the ADR Procedure and Court Action |
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399 | (1) |
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|
399 | (1) |
Article 22 Right of Revocation |
|
400 | (8) |
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|
401 | (1) |
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|
402 | (1) |
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3 Beneficiaries and Exclusions |
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|
403 | (1) |
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3.1 Non-applicability to Authors of Computer Programs |
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|
403 | (1) |
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4 Scope and Exercise of the Right |
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|
404 | (1) |
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5 Obligations and Freedom of Member States |
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|
405 | (1) |
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|
406 | (2) |
Article 23 Common Provisions |
|
408 | (1) |
Article 24 Amendments to Directives 96/9/EC and 2001/29/EC |
|
409 | (2) |
Article 25 Relationship with Exceptions and Limitations Provided for in Other Directives |
|
411 | (1) |
Article 26 Application in Time |
|
412 | (1) |
Article 27 Transitional Provision |
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413 | (1) |
Article 28 Protection of Personal Data |
|
414 | (1) |
Article 29 Transposition |
|
415 | (1) |
Article 30 Review |
|
416 | (1) |
Article 31 Entry into Force |
|
417 | (1) |
Article 32 Addressees |
|
418 | (1) |
Appendix 1 Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on copyright in the Digital Single Market |
|
419 | (24) |
Appendix 2 Directive (EU) 2019/790 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market and amending Directives 96/9/EC and 2001/29/EC |
|
443 | (38) |
Index |
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481 | |