| Preface to the Instructor |
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xv | |
| To the Student |
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xxi | |
| Orientation to Excel |
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xxiii | |
| About the Authors |
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xxix | |
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SECTION I CENTRAL TENDENCY AND VARIABILITY |
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1 | (44) |
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Learning Unit 1 Mean, Median, and Mode |
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3 | (12) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (4) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (2) |
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Choosing an Appropriate Measure of Central Tendency |
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11 | (4) |
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Learning Unit 2 Variability |
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15 | (16) |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (2) |
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Quartiles and Interquartiles |
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19 | (5) |
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24 | (4) |
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28 | (3) |
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Characteristics of the Standard Deviation |
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29 | (2) |
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Learning Unit 3 Shapes of Distributions |
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31 | (14) |
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31 | (1) |
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Normal Distribution Created With Frequency Array Function |
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32 | (4) |
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Normal Distribution Created With a PivotTable |
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36 | (4) |
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Creating a Graph of a Frequency Distribution |
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40 | (1) |
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Skewed Distribution Created With a PivotTable |
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41 | (4) |
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45 | (54) |
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Learning Unit 4 Probability and the Normal Distribution |
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47 | (18) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (2) |
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Expected Value and the Binomial Distribution |
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50 | (4) |
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The Mean of a Binomial Distribution |
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50 | (1) |
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The Variance and Standard Deviation of a Binomial Distribution |
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51 | (1) |
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Actual Values From an Unbiased "Coin" |
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51 | (3) |
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Relative Frequency and Probability |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (10) |
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Characteristics of the Normal Distribution |
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55 | (3) |
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The Normal Distribution and Standard Deviation |
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58 | (1) |
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Describing Departures From a Normal Distribution |
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59 | (6) |
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Learning Unit 5 The Standard Normal Distribution: z Scores |
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65 | (10) |
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65 | (1) |
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The Standard Normal Distribution |
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66 | (3) |
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The Unit Normal Table: A Brief Introduction |
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69 | (6) |
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Learning Unit 6 Sampling Distributions |
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75 | (24) |
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75 | (1) |
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Selecting Samples From Populations |
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76 | (4) |
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Inferential Statistics and Sampling Distributions |
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76 | (2) |
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Selecting a Sample: Who's In and Who's Out? |
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78 | (1) |
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Sampling Strategy: The Basis for Statistical Theory |
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79 | (1) |
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Sampling Strategy: Most Used in Behavioral Research |
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79 | (1) |
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Sampling Distributions: The Mean |
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80 | (6) |
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The Sample Mean Is an Unbiased Estimator (i) |
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81 | (1) |
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The Sample Mean Follows the Central Limit Theorem (ii) |
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82 | (2) |
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The Sample Mean Has a Minimum Variance (iii] |
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84 | (1) |
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Minimizing Standard Error |
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85 | (1) |
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Overview of the Sample Mean |
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86 | (1) |
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Computing Characteristics of the Sample Mean Using Excel |
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86 | (7) |
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Sampling Distributions: The Variance |
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93 | (3) |
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The Sample Variance Is an Unbiased Estimator (i) |
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94 | (1) |
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The Sample Variance Follows the Skewed Distribution Rule (ii) |
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95 | (1) |
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The Sample Variance Does Not Have Minimum Variance (iii) |
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95 | (1) |
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Overview of the Sample Variance |
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96 | (1) |
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Computing Characteristics of the Sample Variance Using Excel |
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96 | (3) |
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SECTION III EVALUATING THE NATURE OF EFFECTS |
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99 | (26) |
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Learning Unit 7 Hypothesis Testing: Significance, Effect Size, and Confidence Intervals |
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101 | (14) |
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Inferential Statistics and Hypothesis Testing |
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101 | (2) |
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Four Steps to Hypothesis Testing |
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103 | (3) |
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Making a Decision: Types of Error |
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106 | (3) |
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Decision: Retain the Null Hypothesis |
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107 | (1) |
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Decision: Reject the Null Hypothesis |
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108 | (1) |
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Nondirectional and Directional Alternatives to the Null Hypothesis |
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109 | (2) |
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111 | (1) |
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Estimation and Confidence Intervals |
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111 | (1) |
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Delineating Statistical Effects for Hypothesis Testing |
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112 | (3) |
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115 | (10) |
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115 | (1) |
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Effect Size, Power, and Sample Size |
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116 | (9) |
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The Relationship Between Effect Size and Power |
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116 | (6) |
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The Relationship Between Sample Size and Power |
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122 | (3) |
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SECTION IV COMPARING MEANS: SIGNIFICANCE TESTING, EFFECT SIZE, AND CONFIDENCE INTERVALS |
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125 | (112) |
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Learning Unit 9 T Tests: One-Sample, Two-Independent-Sample, and Related-Samples Designs |
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127 | (38) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (3) |
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129 | (2) |
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Computing the One-Sample t Test |
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131 | (12) |
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Effect Size for the One-Sample t Test |
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136 | (3) |
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Confidence Intervals for the One-Sample t Test |
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139 | (2) |
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Computing the One-Sample t Test Using the Analysis Toolpak |
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141 | (2) |
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Computing the Two-Independent-Sample t Test |
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143 | (12) |
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Effect Size for the Two-Independent-Sample t Test |
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148 | (3) |
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Confidence Intervals for the Two-Independent-Sample t Test |
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151 | (2) |
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Computing the Two-Independent-Sample (Test Using the Analysis Toolpak |
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153 | (2) |
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Computing the Related-Samples t Test |
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155 | (10) |
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Effect size for the Related-Samples t Test |
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160 | (1) |
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Confidence Intervals for the Related-Samples t Test |
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161 | (2) |
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Computing the Related-Samples f Test Using the Analysis Toolpak |
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163 | (2) |
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Learning Unit 10 One-Way Analysis of Variance: Between-Subjects and Repeated-Measures Designs |
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165 | (38) |
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165 | (1) |
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An Introduction to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) |
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166 | (2) |
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One-Way Between-Subjects ANOVA |
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168 | (18) |
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Computing the One-Way Between-Subjects ANOVA |
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171 | (10) |
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Measuring Effect Size With Eta Squared |
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181 | (1) |
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Post Hoc Test Using Tukeys HSD |
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181 | (4) |
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Computing the One-Way Between-Subjects ANOVA Using the Analysis Toolpak |
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185 | (1) |
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One-Way Within-Subjects ANOVA |
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186 | (12) |
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Computing the One-Way Within-Subjects ANOVA |
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187 | (11) |
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Measuring Effect Size With Partial Eta Squared' |
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198 | (1) |
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Post Hoc Test Using Tukey's HSD |
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198 | (5) |
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Computing the One-Way Between-Subjects ANOVA Using the Analysis Toolpak |
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200 | (3) |
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Learning Unit 11 Two-Way Analysis of Variance: Between-Subjects Factorial Design |
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203 | (34) |
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203 | (1) |
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An Introduction to Factorial Design |
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204 | (3) |
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Structure and Notation for the Two-Way ANOVA |
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205 | (2) |
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Describing Variability: Main Effects and Interactions |
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207 | (6) |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (2) |
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210 | (3) |
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Computing the Two-Way Between-Subjects ANOVA |
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213 | (14) |
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Analyzing Main Effects and Interactions |
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227 | (6) |
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The Interaction: Simple Main Effect Tests |
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227 | (5) |
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Main Effects: Pairwise Comparisons |
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232 | (1) |
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Measuring Effect Size With Eta Squared |
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233 | (1) |
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Computing the Two-Way Between-Subjects ANOVA Using the Analysis ToolPak |
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234 | (3) |
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SECTION V IDENTIFYING PATTERNS AND MAKING PREDICTIONS |
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237 | (42) |
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Learning Unit 12 Correlation |
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239 | (22) |
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239 | (1) |
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The Structure of Data Used for Identifying Patterns |
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240 | (1) |
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Fundamentals of the Correlation |
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240 | (2) |
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The Direction of a Correlation |
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242 | (1) |
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The Strength of a Correlation |
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242 | (3) |
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The Pearson Correlation Coefficient |
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245 | (5) |
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Computing the Pearson Correlation Coefficient |
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246 | (4) |
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Effect Size: The Coefficient of Determination |
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250 | (1) |
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Hypothesis Testing: Testing for Significance |
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250 | (2) |
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Limitations in Interpretation: Causality, Outliers, and Restriction of Range |
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252 | (3) |
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252 | (2) |
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254 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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An Alternative to Pearson for Ranked Data: Spearman |
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255 | (3) |
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An Overview of Other Alternatives to Pearson |
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258 | (3) |
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Learning Unit 13 Linear Regression |
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261 | (18) |
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261 | (1) |
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Fundamentals of Linear Regression |
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262 | (3) |
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263 | (1) |
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The Equation of the Regression Line |
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263 | (2) |
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Using the Method of Least Squares to Find the Regression Line |
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265 | (5) |
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Using Regression to Determine Significance |
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270 | (5) |
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Computing the Analysis of Regression With the Analysis ToolPak |
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275 | (4) |
| Appendix A Core Statistical Concepts |
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279 | (22) |
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A1 Normal and Skewed Distributions |
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279 | (3) |
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282 | (2) |
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284 | (1) |
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A4 The Empirical Rule for Normal Distributions |
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285 | (1) |
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A5 Chebyshev's Theorem for Any Type of Distribution |
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286 | (1) |
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A6 Expected Value as a Long-Term Mean |
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287 | (1) |
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A7 The Informativeness of the Mean and Standard Deviation for Finding Probabilities |
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288 | (2) |
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A8 Comparing Differences Between Two Groups |
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290 | (2) |
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A9 Calculation and Interpretation of the Pooled Sample Variance |
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292 | (1) |
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A10 Reducing Standard Error by Computing Difference Scores |
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293 | (2) |
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A11 Categories of Related-Samples Designs |
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295 | (3) |
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A12 Degrees of Freedom for Parametric Tests |
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298 | (3) |
| Appendix B Global Excel Skills |
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301 | (12) |
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B1 Viewing in Cells the Functions or Formulas Versus the Results of Those Functions or Formulas |
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301 | (1) |
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B2 Formatting Cells: Decimals, Alignment, Merge Cells, Fonts, Bold, Borders, Superscripts, Subscripts |
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301 | (2) |
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B3 Freezing the Display of Some Rows and Columns |
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303 | (1) |
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B4 Highlighting Portions of Spreadsheet, Pasting, or Filling |
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304 | (1) |
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B5 Sorting Data in a Spreadsheet |
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305 | (1) |
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B6 Anchoring Cell References |
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306 | (1) |
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B7 Inserting (Creating] and Formatting a Chart (Graph of Data] |
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307 | (5) |
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312 | (1) |
| Appendix C Statistical Tables |
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313 | (16) |
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313 | (4) |
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C2 Critical Values for the f Distribution |
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317 | (2) |
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C3 Critical Values for the F Distribution |
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319 | (3) |
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C4 The Studentized Range Statistic (a;) |
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322 | (2) |
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C5 Critical Values for the Pearson Correlation |
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324 | (2) |
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C6 Critical Values for the Spearman Correlation |
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326 | (3) |
| Glossary |
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329 | (8) |
| References |
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337 | (2) |
| Index |
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339 | |
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