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1 | (18) |
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1.1 What Is Corrective Feedback? |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Types of Oral Corrective Feedback Strategies |
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2 | (3) |
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1.3 Types of Written Corrective Feedback Strategies |
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5 | (2) |
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7 | (1) |
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1.5 Focused and Unfocused Corrective Feedback |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (3) |
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1.6.1 Oral Corrective Feedback |
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9 | (1) |
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1.6.2 Written Corrective Feedback |
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10 | (1) |
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1.7 Key Issues in the Study of Corrective Feedback |
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11 | (8) |
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1.7.1 Does Corrective Feedback Work? |
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11 | (2) |
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1.7.2 What Types of Corrective Feedback Are Most Effective? |
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13 | (2) |
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1.7.3 What Factors Influence the Effectiveness of Corrective Feedback? |
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15 | (1) |
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1.7.4 How Relevant Is Corrective Feedback Research to Language Pedagogy? |
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16 | (2) |
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Appendix 1 Key Terms Frequently Used in the Corrective Feedback (CF) Literature |
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18 | (1) |
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Appendix 2 Transcription Devices |
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18 | (1) |
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2 Theoretical Perspectives on Corrective Feedback |
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19 | (20) |
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19 | (1) |
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2.2 UG (Universal Grammar)-Based Accounts of Corrective Feedback |
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20 | (2) |
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2.3 Cognitive Theories of Oral Corrective Feedback |
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22 | (7) |
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2.3.1 Interaction Hypothesis |
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22 | (2) |
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24 | (1) |
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2.3.3 Noticing Hypothesis |
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25 | (1) |
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2.3.4 Skill Learning Theory and Transfer Appropriate Processing |
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26 | (2) |
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2.3.5 Counterbalance Hypothesis |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (3) |
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2.5 Conversational Analysis |
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32 | (1) |
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2.6 Second Language Writing and Written Corrective Feedback |
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33 | (4) |
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2.6.1 Role of Corrective Feedback in L2 Writing Development |
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34 | (2) |
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2.6.2 Written Corrective Feedback as a Vehicle for SLA Research |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (2) |
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3 Pedagogical Perspectives on Corrective Feedback |
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39 | (14) |
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39 | (1) |
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3.2 Pedagogical Issues in Oral Grammar Correction |
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39 | (4) |
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3.2.1 Should Oral Errors Be Corrected? |
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39 | (1) |
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3.2.2 When Should Oral Errors Be Corrected? |
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40 | (1) |
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3.2.3 Which Oral Errors Should Be Corrected? |
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41 | (1) |
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3.2.4 How Should Oral Errors Be Corrected? |
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42 | (1) |
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3.3 Pedagogical Issues in Written Grammar Correction |
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43 | (7) |
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3.3.1 Learner Perceptions About Written Feedback |
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43 | (1) |
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3.3.2 Key Issues in Written Corrective Feedback |
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44 | (1) |
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3.3.3 Should Written Errors Be Corrected? |
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44 | (1) |
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3.3.4 When Should Written Errors Be Corrected? |
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45 | (1) |
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3.3.5 Which Written Errors Should Be Corrected? |
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46 | (1) |
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3.3.6 What Strategies Are Available for Correcting Learners' Written Errors? |
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46 | (2) |
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3.3.7 Who Should Do the Correcting -- The Teacher or the Students? |
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48 | (1) |
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3.3.8 Mismatches Between Teachers' Beliefs and Their Practice |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (3) |
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4 Oral Corrective Feedback Research |
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53 | (38) |
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53 | (1) |
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53 | (7) |
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4.2.1 Descriptive Studies |
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54 | (3) |
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4.2.2 Experimental Studies |
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57 | (3) |
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4.3 Sheen's Experimental Study |
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60 | (14) |
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60 | (9) |
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69 | (2) |
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71 | (2) |
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4.3.4 Summary and Concluding Comments |
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73 | (1) |
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4.4 Subsequent Experimental Research |
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74 | (1) |
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4.5 Computer Mediated Corrective Feedback Research |
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75 | (5) |
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4.6 Other Approaches to Investigating CF |
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80 | (4) |
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4.6.1 Studies Based on Sociocultural Theory |
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81 | (2) |
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4.6.2 Studies Utilizing Conversational Analysis |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (7) |
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Appendix 1 Narrative Tasks 1 and 2 |
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87 | (1) |
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Appendix 2 Speeded Dictation Test |
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88 | (1) |
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Appendix 3 Error Correction Test |
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89 | (2) |
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5 Written Corrective Feedback Research |
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91 | (22) |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (4) |
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5.2.1 The Efficacy of Written Corrective Feedback: Some Methodological Issues |
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92 | (1) |
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5.2.2 The Relative Efficacy of Different Types of Written Corrective Feedback |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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5.3 Sheen's Experimental Study |
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95 | (10) |
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95 | (4) |
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99 | (3) |
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102 | (2) |
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5.3.4 Summary and Concluding Comments |
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104 | (1) |
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5.4 Subsequent Empirical Research |
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105 | (5) |
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5.4.1 Evidence in Favor of Written CF |
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105 | (4) |
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5.4.2 Evidence Against Written CF |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (3) |
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6 Comparing Oral and Written Corrective Feedback |
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113 | (16) |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (2) |
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6.3 Sheen's Experimental Study |
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115 | (10) |
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116 | (3) |
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119 | (3) |
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122 | (2) |
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6.3.4 Summary and Concluding Comments |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (4) |
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7 Individual Differences and Corrective Feedback |
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129 | (30) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (8) |
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7.2.1 Language Aptitude and Second Language Acquisition |
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130 | (3) |
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7.2.2 Learner Anxiety and Second Language Acquisition |
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133 | (3) |
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7.2.3 Learner Attitudes Toward Corrective Feedback |
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136 | (2) |
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7.3 Sheen's Experimental Study |
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138 | (14) |
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138 | (5) |
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143 | (5) |
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148 | (4) |
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7.4 Subsequent Experimental Research |
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152 | (3) |
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155 | (4) |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (2) |
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159 | (18) |
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8.1 The Significance of This Book |
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159 | (1) |
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8.2 Corrective Feedback and SLA Research |
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160 | (4) |
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8.3 A Summary of the Main Findings |
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164 | (2) |
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8.4 Pedagogical Implications |
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166 | (5) |
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8.4.1 What Language Teachers Need to Know About Error Correction |
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166 | (5) |
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8.5 Making Corrective Feedback Research Relevant for Language Teachers |
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171 | (3) |
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174 | (3) |
References |
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177 | (16) |
Index |
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193 | |