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E-grāmata: CounterExamples: From Elementary Calculus to the Beginnings of Analysis

(Pelotas State University, Brazil), (Pelotas State University, Brazil)
  • Formāts: 362 pages
  • Sērija : Textbooks in Mathematics
  • Izdošanas datums: 09-Sep-2014
  • Izdevniecība: Chapman & Hall/CRC
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781482246681
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  • Formāts: 362 pages
  • Sērija : Textbooks in Mathematics
  • Izdošanas datums: 09-Sep-2014
  • Izdevniecība: Chapman & Hall/CRC
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781482246681
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This book provides a one-semester undergraduate introduction to counterexamples in calculus and analysis. It helps engineering, natural sciences, and mathematics students tackle commonly made erroneous conjectures. The book encourages students to think critically and analytically, and helps to reveal common errors in many examples.

In this book, the authors present an overview of important concepts and results in calculus and real analysis by considering false statements, which may appear to be true at first glance. The book covers topics concerning the functions of real variables, starting with elementary properties, moving to limits and continuity, and then to differentiation and integration. The first part of the book describes single-variable functions, while the second part covers the functions of two variables.

The many examples presented throughout the book typically start at a very basic level and become more complex during the development of exposition. At the end of each chapter, supplementary exercises of different levels of complexity are provided, the most difficult of them with a hint to the solution.

This book is intended for students who are interested in developing a deeper understanding of the topics of calculus. The gathered counterexamples may also be used by calculus instructors in their classes.
Preface xiii
List of Figures
xv
Introduction xix
0.1 Comments xix
0.1.1 On the structure of this book xix
0.1.2 On mathematical language and notation xxi
0.2 Background (elements of theory) xxii
0.2.1 Sets xxii
0.2.2 Functions xxvii
I Functions of one real variable
1(204)
1 Elementary properties of functions
3(32)
1.1 Elements of theory
3(3)
1.2 Function definition
6(6)
1.3 Boundedness
12(2)
1.4 Periodicity
14(5)
1.5 Even/odd functions
19(3)
1.6 Monotonicity
22(7)
1.7 Extrema
29(6)
Exercises
33(2)
2 Limits
35(18)
2.1 Elements of theory
35(2)
2.2 Concepts
37(7)
2.3 Elementary properties (arithmetic and comparative)
44(9)
Exercises
51(2)
3 Continuity
53(36)
3.1 Elements of theory
53(4)
3.2 Local properties
57(5)
3.3 Global properties: general results
62(7)
3.4 Global properties: the famous theorems
69(11)
3.4.1 Mapping sets
69(3)
3.4.2 Weierstrass theorems
72(2)
3.4.3 Intermediate Value theorem
74(6)
3.5 Uniform continuity
80(9)
Exercises
86(3)
4 Differentiation
89(44)
4.1 Elements of theory
89(4)
4.2 Concepts
93(7)
4.3 Local properties
100(6)
4.4 Global properties
106(6)
4.5 Applications
112(21)
4.5.1 Tangent line
112(1)
4.5.2 Monotonicity and local extrema
113(5)
4.5.3 Convexity and inflection
118(5)
4.5.4 Asymptotes
123(3)
4.5.5 L'Hospital's rule
126(3)
Exercises
129(4)
5 Integrals
133(42)
5.1 Elements of theory
133(7)
5.2 Indefinite integral
140(4)
5.3 Definite (Riemann) integral
144(8)
5.4 Improper integrals
152(8)
5.5 Applications
160(15)
Exercises
170(5)
6 Sequences and series
175(30)
6.1 Elements of theory
175(5)
6.2 Numerical sequences
180(5)
6.3 Numerical series: convergence and elementary properties
185(4)
6.4 Numerical series: convergence tests
189(10)
6.5 Power series
199(6)
Exercises
202(3)
II Functions of two real variables
205(118)
7 Limits and continuity
207(30)
7.1 Elements of theory
207(5)
7.2 One-dimensional links
212(11)
7.2.1 Concepts and local properties
213(4)
7.2.2 Global properties
217(6)
7.3 Multidimensional essentials
223(14)
Exercises
234(3)
8 Differentiability
237(50)
8.1 Elements of Theory
237(5)
8.2 One-dimensional links
242(9)
8.2.1 Concepts and local properties
242(5)
8.2.2 Global properties and applications
247(4)
8.3 Multidimensional essentials
251(36)
Exercises
284(3)
9 Integrability
287(36)
9.1 Elements of theory
287(6)
9.2 One-dimensional links
293(5)
9.3 Multidimensional essentials
298(25)
Exercises
319(4)
Bibliography 323(2)
Symbol Description 325(2)
Index 327
Andrei Bourchtein, Ludmila Bourchtein