|
Introduction and Use of This Text. |
|
|
|
|
|
PART I Crime Scene Principles. |
|
|
|
1 The Crime Scene Context (Raul Sutton). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.3 The nature of the UK legal system. |
|
|
|
1.4 The legal system in England and Wales. |
|
|
|
|
|
1.6 The judicial system in Northern Ireland. |
|
|
|
1.7 The Scottish legal system. |
|
|
|
1.8 Judicial processes that deal with causes of death. |
|
|
|
1.9 What constitutes evidence? |
|
|
|
1.10 The chain of events in evidence gathering. |
|
|
|
1.11 The relationships between evidence gatherers. |
|
|
|
1.12 Health and safety considerations. |
|
|
|
Suggested further reading |
|
|
|
2 First Officer Attending (Keith Trueman). |
|
|
|
|
|
2.2 Response to incidence report. |
|
|
|
2.3 Personnel involved in the investigative process. |
|
|
|
2.4 Recording and recovery of scientific evidence. |
|
|
|
2.5 Initial Considerations of first officer attending (FOA). |
|
|
|
2.6 Dealing with the victim. |
|
|
|
2.7 Dealing with witnesses. |
|
|
|
2.8 Dealing with suspects. |
|
|
|
2.9 Dealing with the crime scene(s). |
|
|
|
|
|
2.11 Dealing with violent crime. |
|
|
|
2.12 Summary and conclusion. |
|
|
|
3 The Role of the Scenes of Crime Officer (Keith Trueman). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3.3 The responsibilities of a SOCO |
|
|
|
|
|
3.5 Request for SOCO attendance at crime scenes. |
|
|
|
3.6 Actions when attending the crime scene. |
|
|
|
3.7 Initial scene assessment (including health and safety considerations). |
|
|
|
3.8 Planning evidence recovery. |
|
|
|
|
|
3.10 The elimination process. |
|
|
|
3.11 Details of evidence recovered. |
|
|
|
3.12 Integrity, continuity and contamination. |
|
|
|
3.13 Packaging materials. |
|
|
|
|
|
4 Police Photography (Chris Crowe). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.13 Assaults and woundings. |
|
|
|
|
|
4.15 Footwear impressions. |
|
|
|
|
|
4.17 Recording video evidence at crime scenes. |
|
|
|
4.18 The use of digital images in court. |
|
|
|
Suggested further reading. |
|
|
|
PART II Evidence Gathering Techniques. |
|
|
|
5 Fingerprints (David Charlton). |
|
|
|
|
|
5.2 The nature of friction ridge skin. |
|
|
|
5.3 The structure of friction ridge skin. |
|
|
|
5.4 Friction ridge growth. |
|
|
|
5.5 Principles of friction ridge identification. |
|
|
|
5.6 Comparison methodology. |
|
|
|
5.7 Chemical composition of latent prints. |
|
|
|
5.8 Identification of common locations for prints. |
|
|
|
5.9 The use of powdering techniques to enhance latent finger marks. |
|
|
|
5.10 Chemical development techniques. |
|
|
|
5.11 Laboratory and scene applications. |
|
|
|
5.12 Fingerprints in bodily fluids. |
|
|
|
|
|
5.14 Optimal methods to reveal fingerprints (laser and other light sources). |
|
|
|
5.15 New and emerging techniques. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selected further reading. |
|
|
|
6 DNA-Rich Evidence (Terry Bartlett). |
|
|
|
|
|
6.2 Historical background. |
|
|
|
6.3 The structure and properties of DNA. |
|
|
|
|
|
6.5 Types of DNA testing. |
|
|
|
|
|
6.7 Procedures for collection of biological evidence: general considerations. |
|
|
|
6.8 Limitation of DNA evidence. |
|
|
|
6.9 Elimination and reference samples. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7 Blood Pattern Analysis (Terry Bartlett and Raul Sutton). |
|
|
|
|
|
7.2 History of the development of blood spatter as a scientific discipline. |
|
|
|
7.3 Composition of blood. |
|
|
|
7.4 Physical properties of blood. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7.7 Drop-surface impact and droplet pattern. |
|
|
|
7.8 Determination of area of origin of spatter. |
|
|
|
|
|
7.10 Arterial damage patterns. |
|
|
|
7.11 Non-spatter patterns. |
|
|
|
7.12 Physiologically altered blood stains (PABS). |
|
|
|
7.13 Volume blood stains. |
|
|
|
|
|
7.15 Investigative transfer and contamination issues. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Suggested further reading. |
|
|
|
8 Physical Evidence (Craig Williams). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.5 Footwear impressions. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.10 Scene recovery of firearms. |
|
|
|
8.11 Gunshot residues (GSR). |
|
|
|
8.12 Drugs of abuse (DOA). |
|
|
|
8.13 The crime scene characteristics of various DOAs. |
|
|
|
8.14 Presumptive tests for drugs. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Suggested further reading. |
|
|
|
PART III Specialised Scenes and Report Writing. |
|
|
|
9 The Examination of Fire Scenes (Chris J. Perry). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9.3 The oxygen demands of fires. |
|
|
|
9.4 Flame and fire classifications. |
|
|
|
9.5 Types of evidence specific to fire scenes. |
|
|
|
9.6 Locating the seat of the fire. |
|
|
|
9.7 Evidence gathering methods. |
|
|
|
9.8 Methods for ascertaining whether a crime has been committed. |
|
|
|
9.9 Health and safety considerations. |
|
|
|
|
|
Suggested further reading |
|
|
|
10 Examination of Recovered Stolen Motor Vehicles (Keith Trueman). |
|
|
|
|
|
10.2 What is a motor vehicle? |
|
|
|
10.3 The definition of an auto crime. |
|
|
|
10.4 Auto crime scene examinations. |
|
|
|
10.5 Requests to attend an 'auto crime' scene. |
|
|
|
10.6 The examination process. |
|
|
|
|
|
11 Preparing Reports and Statements (Keith Trueman). |
|
|
|
|
|
11.2 Documentation at the crime scene. |
|
|
|
|
|
11.4 Plans, sketches and diagrams. |
|
|
|
|
|
11.6 Handling the evidence. |
|
|
|
11.7 Statements of evidence. |
|
|
|
11.8 Criminal justice Act 1967 section 9. |
|
|
|
11.9 Crime scene examination statements. |
|
|
|
|
|
Appendix Police Service Rank Structure. |
|
|
|
|