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Criminology 3rd edition [Hardback]

4.12/5 (234 ratings by Goodreads)
(London School of Economics and Political Science, UK)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 1168 pages, height x width: 265x191 mm, weight: 2320 g, 62 Tables, color; 217 Line drawings, color; 351 Halftones, black and white; 217 Illustrations, color; 351 Illustrations, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 27-Feb-2017
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 1138643122
  • ISBN-13: 9781138643123
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  • Formāts: Hardback, 1168 pages, height x width: 265x191 mm, weight: 2320 g, 62 Tables, color; 217 Line drawings, color; 351 Halftones, black and white; 217 Illustrations, color; 351 Illustrations, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 27-Feb-2017
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 1138643122
  • ISBN-13: 9781138643123
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Tim Newburns bestselling Criminology provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction for students of the subject, providing the basis for all undergraduate degree courses or modules in Criminology.

Comprehensive and accessible, Tim Newburn’s bestselling Criminology provides an introduction to the fundamental themes, concepts, theories, methods and events that underpin the subject and form the basis for all undergraduate degree courses and modules in Criminology and Criminal Justice.

This third edition includes:

    • A new chapter on politics, reflecting the ever increasing coverage of political influence and decision making on criminology courses
    • New and updated crime data and analysis of trends, plus new content on recent events such as the Volkswagen scandal, the latest developments on historic child abuse, as well as extended coverage throughout of the English riots
    • A fully revised and updated companion website, including exam, review and multiple choice questions, a live Twitter feed from the author providing links to media and academic coverage of events related to the concepts covered in the book, together with links to a dedicated textbook Facebook page

Fully updated to reflect recent developments in the field and extensively illustrated, this authoritative text, written by a leading criminologist and experienced lecturer, is essential reading for all students of Criminology and related fields.

Recenzijas

"This book, now in its third edition, is still unsurpassed in terms of its depth, breadth and coverage for new undergraduate Criminology students. The addition of a chapter on politics and crime does what so few textbooks manage to do - locate criminology within its historical, social and political context. The live Twitter feed and Facebook page will complement the author's already well established position as the 'go to' criminologist on social media."

- Dr Sarah Charman, University of Portsmouth

"Criminology is by far the best, most comprehensive and authoritative textbook available. The third edition provides updated material on recent developments and an invaluable new chapter on the politics of crime control. The clarity of the writing, the breadth and depth of coverage, the links to further reading and to other relevant resources all make this a perfectly balanced introduction to the subject."

- Professor George Mair, Liverpool Hope University

"Comprehensive in its coverage and written in a manner that is accessible to all students, the third edition of Criminology underlines why it is the undergraduate textbook. The classic sections have been complemented by new chapters that help students understand how crime control does not take place in a vacuum (The Politics of Crime and its Control), as well as encouraging students to think critically about the crime information we consume (Crime Data and Crime Trends). The most valuable aspect of the text is how core research methods concepts are provided in the same books as criminological content, which helps students to see, and understand, the crucial link between theory and research. Without doubt, this textbook provides the starting point for any criminological discussion."

- Dr Vicky Heap, Sheffield Hallam University

"This is the most comprehensive, detailed and clearly structured introduction to Criminology and Criminal Justice on the market. It has already become to go-to textbook for Criminology undergraduates, and with the addition of new material tackling the leading-edge debates shaping the field today, Tim Newburn has managed in this 3rd Edition to raise the bar even further. Just about every conceivable criminological concept, theory, method and approach is contextualised, outlined and evaluated. With extensive reading lists, smart discussion and revision questions, and a dynamic website, this textbook is a must for students of Criminology and Criminal Justice."

- Professor Chris Greer, City University London

"Tim Newburns Criminology continues to be a valuable resource to students seeking to engage with the capacious field that is criminology. The revised chapter on the politics of crime provides a neat, nuanced account of the politics of crime control over the past 50 years. In conjunction with the chapters on late modernity and penology (to take one set of examples), it will equip the inquisitive student with the tools with which to dive further into the murky depths of the politics of criminal justice. An enjoyable, engaging and authoritative text."

- Dr Harry Annison, Lecturer in Criminal Law and Criminology, University of Southampton

"Newburn's Criminology is already an indispensable text for students trying to navigate and make sense of the diverse and fast changing field of criminological scholarship. This updated edition builds on the strengths of the first two. There are few texts on the market, if any, which balance comprehensive coverage and accessibility as well as this one."

- Professor Katja Franko, University of Oslo

Part 1 Understanding crime and criminology 1(120)
1 Understanding crime and criminology
3(12)
What is criminology?
4(2)
An interdisciplinary subject
5(1)
Defining criminology
5(1)
Understanding crime
6(7)
Crime and the criminal law
8(1)
Crime as a social construct
8(1)
Historical variation
9(2)
Criminology in Britain
11(2)
Further reading
13(2)
2 Crime and punishment in history
15(28)
Introduction
16(1)
Emergence of a modern criminal justice system
16(21)
Policing
17(7)
The 'new police'
19(1)
Resistance and reform
20(3)
Into the twentieth century
23(1)
The victim and prosecution
24(2)
Formalisation of the prosecution process
24(2)
The courts
26(3)
Decline of the profit motive
27(2)
Punishment
29(8)
Capital punishment
29(2)
Transportation
31(1)
Imprisonment
32(3)
Probation
35(2)
Crime and violence in history
37(4)
Levels of crime
37(1)
Perceptions of crime
38(3)
Questions for further discussion
41(1)
Further reading
41(1)
Websites
41(2)
3 Crime data and crime trends
43(34)
Introduction
44(1)
Measuring crime
45(1)
Official statistics
45(11)
England and Wales: Criminal Statistics
46(1)
United States: Uniform Crime Reports
46(1)
Assessing official statistics
47(7)
Impact of legislation
49(1)
Understanding 'attrition'
50(4)
Limitations of official statistics
54(2)
Victimisation surveys
56(8)
The Crime Survey for England and Wales
56(4)
Local crime surveys
60(2)
Other victimisation surveys
61(1)
Assessing victimisation surveys
62(1)
Comparing official statistics and victimisation surveys
63(1)
Crime trends
64(7)
Data on offenders
71(3)
Self-report studies
72(6)
Assessing the self-report method
73(1)
Questions for further discussion
74(1)
Further reading
75(1)
Websites
75(2)
4 Crime and the media
77(30)
Introduction
78(1)
Academic study of the media
79(1)
Media representations of crime
79(5)
Newsworthiness
79(1)
The crime content in the media
80(1)
Violent crime in the news
81(3)
Are the media criminogenic?
84(5)
Media effects
87(1)
Media and fear of crime
88(1)
Moral panics
89(7)
Mods and rockers
91(1)
Drug use and deviancy amplification
92(2)
Mugging
94(1)
Criticisms of moral panic theory
95(1)
Policing and the media
96(5)
The relationship between the police and the media
96(2)
The representation of policing
98(3)
Crime and the internet
101(2)
Policing cybercrime
103(1)
Representing terror
103(2)
Questions for further discussion
105(1)
Further reading
105(1)
Websites
105(2)
5 The politics of crime and its control
107(14)
Introduction
108(1)
The advent of 'penal welfarism'
108(3)
End of the first bipartisan consensus
109(2)
Managerialism
110(1)
Centralisation
110(1)
The politics of crime and punishment in the USA
111(4)
The 'war on drugs'
111(3)
Willie Horton and Michael Dukakis
114(1)
Penal populism in the UK
115(3)
Coalition and post-Coalition politics
118(1)
Conclusion
119(1)
Questions for further discussion
120(1)
Further reading
120(1)
Websites
120(1)
Part 2 Understanding crime: theories and concepts 121(242)
6 Classicism and positivism
123(20)
Introduction
124(1)
Classical criminology
124(6)
Beccaria
126(1)
Jeremy Bentham
126(2)
The impact of classicism
128(2)
Positivism and criminology
130(9)
Defining positivism
131(2)
Cesare Lombroso
133(2)
Ferri and Garofalo
135(2)
Charles Goring
137(1)
Somatyping
137(2)
The impact of positivism
139(1)
Questions for further discussion
139(1)
Further reading
140(1)
Websites
140(3)
7 Biological positivism
143(16)
Introduction
144(1)
Genetic factors
144(6)
Eugenics and 'feeble-mindedness'
145(2)
Twin studies
147(1)
Adoption
148(1)
Chromosomal anomalies
149(1)
Genetics and offending
149(1)
Biochemical factors
150(5)
Central nervous system
150(1)
ADHD and brain dysfunction
151(1)
Neurotransmitters
152(1)
Laterality
152(1)
Autonomic nervous system
153(1)
Hormones/testosterone
153(1)
Nutrition
154(1)
Assessing biological positivism
155(1)
Questions for further discussion
156(1)
Further reading
156(1)
Websites
156(3)
8 Psychological positivism
159(22)
Introduction
160(1)
Psychoanalysis and crime
161(2)
Bowlby and 'maternal deprivation'
162(1)
Learning theories
163(7)
Differential association
163(1)
Operant learning
164(1)
Social learning theory
165(3)
Rational choice
168(2)
Routine activity theory
169(1)
Cognitive theories
170(3)
Yochelson and Samenow
170(1)
Piaget, Kohlberg, moral development and offending
171(2)
Eysenck's biosocial theory
173(3)
Intelligence and offending
176(2)
Assessing psychological positivism
178(1)
Questions for further discussion
178(1)
Further reading
179(1)
Websites
179(2)
9 Durkheim, anomie and strain
181(18)
Introduction
182(1)
Durkheim and criminology
182(10)
Durkheim and social change
183(2)
Durkheim, suicide and anomie
185(1)
Assessing Durkheim
186(1)
Merton and anomie
187(1)
Anomie and the 'American dream'
188(2)
Assessing Merton's anomie theory
190(2)
Later strain theory
192(4)
Cloward and Ohlin
192(1)
General strain theory
192(3)
Messner and Rosenfeld
195(1)
Assessing strain theory
196(1)
Questions for further discussion
197(1)
Further reading
197(1)
Websites
197(2)
10 The Chicago School, subcultures and cultural criminology
199(28)
Introduction
200(1)
The Chicago School
200(8)
Social ecology
202(1)
Chicago School and crime
202(3)
The zonal hypothesis
203(1)
Shaw and McKay: cultural transmission
204(1)
Chicago Area Project
205(1)
Differential association
205(2)
Differential reinforcement
206(1)
Assessing the Chicago School
207(1)
Cultures and subcultures
208(11)
Albert Cohen
209(1)
Cloward and Ohlin
210(1)
David Matza
211(1)
Subcultural theory
211(1)
American subcultural theory
212(1)
British subcultural theory
213(4)
Assessing subcultural theory
217(2)
Cultural criminology
219(5)
Crime as culture
221(1)
Culture as crime
221(1)
Media dynamics of crime and control
221(1)
A critique of cultural criminology
222(2)
Questions for further discussion
224(1)
Further reading
224(1)
Websites
224(3)
11 Interactionism and labelling theory
227(18)
Introduction
228(3)
The emergence of labelling theory
231(1)
Primary and secondary deviance
231(1)
Becker's outsiders
232(3)
Moral entrepreneurship
232(2)
'Becoming a marijuana user'
234(1)
Stigma
235(1)
Self-fulfilling prophecy
236(1)
Deviancy amplification
236(2)
Folk Devils and Moral Panics
236(2)
Braithwaite and 'shaming'
238(1)
Assessing labelling theory
239(3)
Questions for further discussion
242(1)
Further reading
242(1)
Websites
242(3)
12 Control theories
245(18)
Introduction
246(1)
Reckless's containment theory
247(1)
Inner containment
248(1)
Neutralisation and drift theory
248(1)
Drift
249(1)
Social bond theory
249(4)
Four elements of the social bond
250(2)
Testing social bond theory
252(1)
Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime
253(3)
Low self-control
253(2)
Assessing the general theory of crime
255(1)
Tittle's control-balance theory
256(3)
Relating control-balance to crime
257(2)
Assessing control theory
259(1)
Questions for further discussion
260(1)
Further reading
261(2)
13 Radical and critical criminology
263(18)
Introduction
264(1)
Crime and the underdog
264(1)
Marx and Marxism
265(3)
Willem Bonger
266(2)
American radicalism
268(5)
Vold and criminalisation
268(1)
Austin Turk
268(1)
William Chambliss
269(2)
From conflict to peacemaking
271(2)
Radical criminology in Britain
273(4)
The new criminology
273(2)
Contemporary radical criminology
275(2)
Zemiology and social harm
276(1)
Assessing radical criminology
277(1)
Teleology
277(1)
Determinism
277(1)
Idealism
278(1)
Questions for further discussion
278(1)
Further reading
278(1)
Websites
279(2)
14 Realist criminology
281(16)
Introduction
282(1)
Left realism
282(6)
The critique of 'left idealism'
283(1)
The nature of left realism
284(1)
What Is To Be Done about Law & Order?
285(1)
Left realism and method
285(1)
Assessing left realism
286(2)
Right realism
288(6)
Thinking about Crime
288(1)
Distinguishing left and right realism
289(1)
Wilson and Herrnstein
290(1)
Murray and the 'underclass'
291(2)
Assessing right realism
293(1)
Questions for further discussion
294(1)
Further reading
294(1)
Websites
295(2)
15 Contemporary classicism
297(22)
Introduction
298(1)
Rational choice theory
299(5)
Clarke and Cornish
299(1)
Bounded rationality
300(1)
Crime scripts
301(3)
Routine activity theory
304(4)
Routine activity and crime trends
305(1)
Routine activity theory elaborated
306(2)
Situational crime prevention
308(4)
Defensible space and problem-oriented policing
309(1)
Problem-oriented policing
310(1)
Crime and opportunity
310(2)
Crime science
312(2)
Assessing contemporary classicism
314(2)
Questions for further discussion
316(1)
Further reading
316(1)
Websites
316(3)
16 Feminist criminology
319(22)
Introduction
320(1)
Early criminology and the female offender
320(5)
Lombroso and Ferrero
321(1)
W.I. Thomas and Otto Pollak
322(3)
Sociological criminology and the continued invisibility of women
323(2)
Development of modern feminist criminology
325(3)
Female emancipation and crime
325(1)
Carol Smart and feminist criminology
326(2)
Contemporary feminist criminology
328(7)
Understanding women's involvement in crime
329(2)
Women, prison and punishment
331(2)
The nature of women's imprisonment
331(2)
Criminalisation of women
333(1)
A feminist methodology?
333(1)
Feminist victimology
334(1)
Assessing feminist criminology
335(2)
Questions for further discussion
337(1)
Further reading
337(1)
Websites
338(3)
17 Late modernity, governmentality and risk
341(22)
The transition to late modernity
342(3)
Surveillance
342(1)
Changes in property relations
343(1)
A new regulatory state?
344(1)
Foucault and governmentality
345(6)
Discipline and Punish
346(1)
Governmentality theory
347(2)
The dispersal of discipline
349(1)
The discipline of Disney World
350(1)
Risk and the new culture of control
351(6)
Garland and The Culture of Control
352(3)
Risk, crime and criminal justice
355(2)
Assessing governmentality, the new penology and risk
357(3)
Governmentality
358(1)
The new penology
359(1)
Risk
359(1)
Questions for further discussion
360(1)
Further reading
360(1)
Websites
361(2)
Part 3 Understanding crime: types and trends 363(184)
18 Victims, victimisation and victimology
365(32)
Understanding victims and victimology
366(6)
The victim of crime
366(2)
The emergence of victimology
368(2)
Victim-precipitation
369(1)
Victim-blaming
370(1)
Approaches to victimology
370(2)
Positivist victimology
370(1)
Radical victimology
371(1)
Critical victimology
371(1)
The nature of victimisation
372(7)
The extent of victimisation
372(3)
Repeat victimisation
373(2)
Victimisation and the vulnerable
375(3)
Victimisation and the homeless
375(1)
Victimisation and the elderly
376(2)
The impact of victimisation
378(5)
Physical impact
378(1)
Behavioural impact
378(1)
Emotional and psychological impact
378(1)
Financial impact
379(1)
Fear of crime
379(4)
Victims policy
383(10)
Criminal injuries compensation
383(1)
Court-ordered compensation
384(1)
Feminism and 'secondary victimisation'
384(2)
Child abuse
386(2)
Victim Support
388(1)
Victims' rights?
389(9)
One-stop shop and victim statements
390(1)
Victim personal statements
390(1)
Rebalancing the criminal justice system?
391(2)
Questions for further discussion
393(1)
Further reading
394(1)
Websites
394(3)
19 White-collar and corporate crime
397(34)
Introduction
398(5)
Edwin Sutherland and white-collar crime
399(3)
Distinguishing between white-collar and corporate crime
402(1)
Exploring white-collar crime
403(7)
Theft at work
404(1)
Fraud
405(1)
Employment offences
406(1)
Consumer offences
407(1)
Food offences
407(2)
Environmental crime
409(1)
State-corporate crime
409(1)
Explaining white-collar and corporate crime
410(3)
Differential association
410(1)
Self-control
411(1)
Neutralisation
411(1)
Critical theory
412(1)
Shaming
413(1)
Understanding white-collar crime
413(3)
White-collar offenders
414(2)
Victims of white-collar crime
416(3)
The extent of white-collar crime
419(1)
The impact of white-collar crime
420(3)
Understanding impact: the qualitative dimension
422(1)
Controlling white-collar crime
423(6)
Regulating white-collar crime
426(1)
Self-regulation
427(2)
Questions for further discussion
429(1)
Further reading
429(1)
Websites
429(2)
20 Organised crime
431(32)
Defining organised crime
432(2)
Traditional forms of organised crime
434(1)
The Mafia
434(1)
Triads
435(1)
The Yakuza
435(1)
Organised crime in America
435(8)
The organisation of organised crime
438(2)
An alien conspiracy theory
439(1)
The ethnic succession thesis
439(1)
How organised was American organised crime?
440(3)
Organised crime in Britain
443(3)
Transnational organised crime
446(9)
Human trafficking and migrant smuggling
447(4)
Drug trafficking
451(4)
Transnational crime control
455(2)
Transnational policing
456(9)
Europol
456(1)
Understanding organised crime
457(2)
Questions for further discussion
459(1)
Further reading
459(1)
Websites
460(3)
21 Violent and property crime
463(50)
Understanding violent crime
464(1)
Types of violent crime
465(21)
Homicide
465(9)
Trends in homicide
466(1)
Homicide offenders
467(2)
Victims of homicide
469(1)
Motive and relationship
470(1)
Use of weapons
470(1)
Homicide and social status
470(2)
Serial killers
472(2)
Robbery
474(5)
Armed robbery
474(3)
Street robbery
477(2)
Sexual offences
479(3)
Stalking
481(1)
Monitoring sex offenders
481(1)
Violent crime and weapons
482(2)
Trends in violent crime
484(6)
Contemporary trends
486(1)
Riots
486(4)
Hate crime
490(8)
The emergence of 'hate crime'
491(2)
Extent of hate crime and the criminal justice response
493(2)
What is the motivation behind hate crime?
495(1)
Why hate crime?
496(2)
Property crime
498(2)
Trends in property crime
499(1)
Burglary
500(8)
Trends in burglary
500(2)
Distraction burglary
501(1)
Burglars on burglary
502(1)
Crimes against retail and manufacturing premises
503(2)
Car crime
505(10)
Injuries and deaths on the road
505(1)
Measuring car crime
506(1)
Joyriding
507(1)
Thinking about violent and volume crime
508(1)
Questions for further discussion
509(1)
Further reading
509(1)
Websites
510(3)
22 Drugs and alcohol
513(34)
Introduction
514(1)
What are drugs?
515(5)
Changing official attitudes toward drugs
516(4)
Who uses drugs?
520(4)
Trends in drug use
522(2)
The normalisation debate
523(1)
Drugs and crime
524(3)
Drug use causes crime
525(1)
Crime causes drug use
526(1)
A common cause?
526(1)
A reciprocal relationship?
527(1)
No causal relationship?
527(1)
Drugs and criminal justice
527(7)
Drug testing
528(1)
Drugs and policing
529(5)
Alcohol
534(11)
Patterns of consumption
534(2)
Young people and alcohol
536(3)
Young people, alcohol and moral panic
539(1)
Alcohol, crime and criminal justice
539(13)
The legal situation
539(1)
Alcohol and crime
540(2)
Costs of alcohol misuse and alcohol-related crime
542(1)
Government alcohol policy
543(2)
Drugs, alcohol and crime
545(1)
Questions for further discussion
546(1)
Further reading
546(1)
Websites
546(1)
Part 4 Understanding criminal justice 547(284)
23 Penology and punishment
549(26)
What is punishment?
550(2)
Utilitarian or consequentialist approaches
552(9)
Deterrence
552(2)
General deterrence
552(1)
Individual deterrence
553(1)
Rehabilitation
554(1)
Incapacitation
555(3)
Retributivism
558(1)
Just deserts
559(2)
The sociology of punishment
561(8)
Emile Durkheim
562(1)
Max Weber
563(1)
Marxism
564(1)
Norbert Elias
565(2)
Michel Foucault
567(9)
The impact of Foucault
568(1)
Conclusion: an era of mass incarceration?
569(2)
Questions for further discussion
571(1)
Further reading
572(1)
Websites
572(3)
24 Understanding criminal justice
575(24)
Government and criminal justice
576(3)
Home Office
576(2)
Home Secretary
577(1)
Ministry of Justice
578(1)
Attorney General's Office
579(1)
The criminal justice system
579(9)
Major agencies, organisations and actors
579(3)
The police
579(1)
Crown Prosecution Service (CPS)
579(1)
Probation
580(1)
Youth Offending Teams
580(1)
Prisons
580(1)
Criminal courts
580(1)
Criminal Cases Review Commission (CCRC)
581(1)
Community Safety Partnerships (CSPs)
581(1)
Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority (CICA)
581(1)
Forensic Science Service (FSS)
582(1)
Parole Board
582(1)
Volunteers in the criminal justice system
582(1)
Criminal justice in Scotland
582(1)
Is it really a system?
583(1)
The criminal justice process
584(3)
Fixed penalty notices
586(1)
Expenditure and employment
587(1)
Management and oversight in criminal justice
588(8)
New public management
588(1)
Youth Justice Board
588(1)
Inspectorates
589(2)
Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary for England, Wales and Northern Ireland (HMIC)
589(1)
Her Majesty's Crown Prosecution Service Inspectorate (HMCPSI)
589(1)
Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Prisons for England and Wales (HMIP)
590(1)
Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Probation for England and Wales (HMI Probation)
590(1)
Prisons and Probation Ombudsman
590(1)
Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC)
590(1)
Politics and criminal justice reform
591(1)
Understanding criminal justice
592(8)
Adversarial versus inquisitorial systems
592(2)
Due process versus crime control
594(2)
Questions for further discussion
596(1)
Further reading
596(1)
Websites
596(3)
25 Crime prevention and community safety
599(36)
Defining crime prevention
600(1)
Crime prevention as a policy issue
600(9)
'Five Towns' and 'Safer Cities'
601(1)
Neighbourhood Watch
602(1)
From crime prevention to community safety
603(1)
Crime and Disorder Act 1998
604(2)
From community safety to crime reduction
606(2)
Reviewing the Crime and Disorder Act
608(1)
Anti-social behaviour
609(6)
'Broken Windows'
610(1)
The anti-social behaviour and respect agendas
611(4)
Crime prevention in practice
615(1)
Situational crime prevention
615(5)
Displacement
619(1)
Social and community crime prevention
620(6)
Criminality prevention
620(2)
Risk-focused prevention
621(1)
The Perry Pre-School Project
621(1)
Cognitive-behavioural interventions with young people
622(1)
Community approaches and prevention
622(4)
Operation Ceasefire
622(2)
Mentoring
624(2)
Analysis for crime prevention
626(5)
Hot spots
626(1)
Repeat victimisation
626(14)
Kirkholt Burglary Prevention Project
629(2)
Questions for further discussion
631(1)
Further reading
631(1)
Websites
632(3)
26 Policing
635(42)
The organisation of policing
636(4)
Understanding policing
640(4)
What do the police do?
640(2)
Criminal investigation
642(1)
National Intelligence Model (NIM)
643(1)
Investigation and forensics
643(1)
Police powers
644(5)
Stop and search
645(1)
Arrest
645(1)
Detention at the police station
646(2)
Right to silence
648(1)
Models of policing
649(2)
Community policing
649(1)
Problem-oriented policing
650(1)
Intelligence-led policing
650(1)
A brief history of policing
651(5)
Emergence of the 'new police'
651(1)
The Royal Commission on the Police
651(1)
Problems of legitimacy
652(2)
Centralisation
654(2)
Key themes in policing
656(18)
Police culture
656(2)
Zero-tolerance policing
658(2)
Police corruption
660(4)
The causes of police corruption
663(1)
Police governance
664(5)
Plural policing
669(4)
A revolution in policing?
673(1)
Questions for further discussion
674(1)
Further reading
675(1)
Websites
675(2)
27 Criminal courts and the court process
677(24)
Introduction
678(1)
The Crown Prosecution Service (CPS)
678(4)
Sufficient evidence
679(1)
The public interest
680(1)
Downgrading of charges
681(1)
Discontinuance
682(1)
Magistrates' courts
682(2)
The magistracy
683(1)
The Crown Court
684(2)
The judiciary
684(1)
Juries
685(1)
Pre-trial decisions
686(4)
Bail and remand
687(5)
Bail
687(1)
Remand
688(2)
Offending while on bail
690(1)
Mode of trial decision
690(2)
Defendants' rights
692(1)
Pleas and bargaining
692(3)
Charge bargaining
693(1)
Plea bargaining
693(2)
Evidence
695(1)
Disclosure
695(1)
Exclusion
695(1)
Appeals
696(1)
Miscarriages of justice
697(2)
Criminal Cases Review Commission (CCRC)
697(2)
Questions for further discussion
699(1)
Further reading
699(1)
Websites
699(2)
28 Sentencing and non-custodial penalties
701(28)
Introduction
702(1)
Types of sentence
702(2)
Discharges
703(1)
Fines and other financial penalties
703(1)
Community punishment
703(1)
The community rehabilitation order
703(1)
The community punishment order
704(1)
The community order
704(1)
The suspended sentence of imprisonment
704(1)
Sentencing policy
704(7)
The Criminal Justice Act 1991
705(2)
Sentencing reform after the 1991 Act
707(1)
The Crime (Sentences) Act 1997
708(1)
Sentencing reform under New Labour
708(3)
The Auld Review of Criminal Courts
709(1)
The Halliday Review
709(1)
Justice for All
710(1)
Criminal Justice Act 2003
710(1)
Sentencing reform under the Coalition government
711(1)
Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012
711(1)
Offender Rehabilitation Act 2014
711(1)
Trends in non-custodial sentencing
711(13)
Probation
715(3)
Punishment in the community
716(2)
Crime, Justice and Protecting the Public
718(1)
New Labour and probation
718(4)
The probation service and 'what works'
719(1)
A national probation service
720(1)
The Carter Review and the emergence of NOMS
720(2)
The Coalition and Transforming Rehabilitation
722(2)
Conclusion
724(1)
Questions for further discussion
725(1)
Further reading
725(1)
Websites
726(3)
29 Prisons and imprisonment
729(36)
The rise of the prison
730(6)
Imprisonment in Britain
731(1)
Prison security
732(3)
Strangeways and Woolf
735(1)
Trends in imprisonment
736(4)
Imprisonment and penal politics
738(2)
International trends
740(7)
Capital punishment
744(3)
The prison system
747(2)
Types of prison
747(1)
Private prisons
748(1)
Life on the inside
749(8)
Prisoners
749(5)
Incarceration and social exclusion
752(1)
Violence in prison
753(1)
Prison officers
754(3)
Release from prison
757(1)
Governance, accountability and human rights
758(3)
Independent inspection
758(1)
Grievance or complaints procedures
758(2)
Human rights and imprisonment
760(1)
Questions for further discussion
761(1)
Further reading
762(1)
Websites
762(3)
30 Youth crime and youth justice
765(38)
Youth crime
766(11)
Persistent young offenders
768(1)
Trends in youth crime
769(2)
Ethnic minority youth and crime
771(2)
Drug use and crime
773(2)
Victimisation
775(2)
Youth justice
777(13)
Childhood and punishment
777(1)
Emergence of a juvenile justice system
777(2)
The tide turns
779(1)
The punitive shift
779(3)
The rise of managerialism
782(1)
A new youth justice?
782(3)
Youth Offending Teams (YOTs)
782(1)
Non-custodial penalties
782(1)
Anti-social behaviour
783(2)
Restorative justice and referral orders
785(1)
Youth justice after New Labour
785(2)
Young people and the 2011 riots
787(3)
Contemporary youth justice
790(10)
Anti-social behaviour
790(2)
Young people and imprisonment
792(4)
Young offenders, custody and vulnerability
793(3)
Community alternatives
796(1)
Referral orders and restorative youth justice
797(1)
Young people, crime and justice
798(2)
Questions for further discussion
800(1)
Further reading
800(1)
Websites
801(2)
31 Restorative justice
803(28)
Introduction
804(2)
Conflicts as property
804(2)
Criminal justice and restorative justice
806(1)
Defining restorative justice
807(1)
The objectives of restorative justice
808(4)
Victim involvement
808(1)
Community involvement
809(1)
Offender reintegration
810(2)
Types of restorative justice
812(7)
Court-based restitutive and reparative measures
812(1)
Victim-offender mediation (VOM)
812(1)
Restorative conferencing
813(3)
Healing and sentencing circles
816(1)
Healing circles
816(1)
Sentencing circles
817(1)
Citizens' panels and community boards
817(2)
Assessing restorativeness
819(2)
The limits of restorative justice?
821(4)
Restorative justice and corporate crime
822(1)
Restorative justice and violence against women
823(2)
Assessing restorative justice
825(4)
Questions for further discussion
829(1)
Further reading
830(1)
Websites
830(1)
Part 5 Critical issues in criminology 831(160)
32 Race, crime and criminal justice
833(36)
Introduction
834(1)
Sources of data
834(1)
Ethnicity and victimisation
835(8)
Victimisation and risk
835(1)
Fear of crime
836(1)
Racist hate crimes
836(5)
Racist offenders
840(1)
Community, conflict and cohesion
841(2)
Ethnicity and offending
843(4)
Self-reported offending
844(1)
Anti-social behaviour
845(1)
Drug use
846(1)
Experience of the criminal justice system
847(15)
Stop and search
848(3)
Racism and stop and search
850(1)
Ethnicity and policing
851(4)
From Scarman to Lawrence
853(2)
Cautioning, arrest and sentencing
855(2)
Ethnicity and imprisonment
857(3)
Treatment in custody
858(1)
Deaths in custody
859(1)
Views of the criminal justice system
860(2)
Minority representation in the criminal justice system
862(3)
Questions for further discussion
865(1)
Further reading
866(1)
Websites
866(3)
33 Gender, crime and justice
869(34)
Female and male offending
870(4)
Reasons for offending
871(3)
Women and the criminal justice process
874(9)
Cautioning, arrest and prosecution
874(1)
The use of custody
874(3)
Women in prison
877(4)
Mothers in prison
879(2)
Understanding women and criminal justice
881(1)
Women in the criminal justice system: the future
882(1)
Victimisation
883(10)
Fear of crime
884(1)
Violence against women
884(3)
Domestic violence
886(1)
The perpetrators
886(1)
Policing rape and domestic violence
887(4)
Policy changes
888(3)
Attrition
891(2)
Women's role in social control
893(4)
Women in the police
893(2)
Women in the probation and prison services (NOMS)
895(1)
Women and the legal professions
896(1)
Masculinity, men and victimisation
897(2)
Male victimisation
897(2)
Conclusion
899(1)
Questions for further discussion
899(1)
Further reading
900(1)
Websites
900(3)
34 Criminal and forensic psychology
903(38)
Psychology and criminology
904(2)
History of psychology and criminology
906(1)
Individual factors in crime
906(8)
Risk and protective factors
907(4)
Individual risk factors
907(1)
Family factors
908(1)
Socio-economic, peer, school and community factors
909(1)
Risk factors and crime prevention
909(2)
Developmental or life course criminology
911(3)
Sampson and Laub
911(1)
Moffitt's theory of offending types
911(2)
Farrington's ICAP theory
913(1)
Mental disorder and crime
914(3)
The prevalence of mental disorders
914(1)
Mental disorder and offending
915(1)
Understanding mental disorder and crime
915(2)
Policing and psychology
917(13)
Offender profiling
917(5)
Assessing profiling
920(1)
Legal and ethical issues
921(1)
Crime analysis
922(1)
Investigative interviewing
922(5)
Confessions
925(2)
Lying and lie detection
927(3)
Statement validity analysis
928(2)
The courtroom and psychology
930(4)
Recall/eyewitness testimony
930(1)
Vulnerable witnesses
931(1)
Children as witnesses
932(1)
Juries
932(2)
Juries and evidence
933(1)
Juries and other influences
933(1)
Jury composition
933(1)
Decision-making
934(1)
Treatment of offenders and 'what works'
934(3)
Cognitive skills programmes
936(1)
Questions for further discussion
937(1)
Further reading
938(1)
Websites
938(3)
35 Green criminology
941(22)
Introduction
942(2)
Theoretical concerns
944(3)
Late modern capitalism and neo-liberalism
944(1)
Globalisation and risk
945(2)
Thinking about environmental harm
947(2)
Environmental harms
949(3)
Air pollution
949(1)
Deforestation
949(1)
Water pollution
950(1)
Resource depletion
950(2)
Climate change
952(1)
Animal abuse
953(1)
A green victimology?
954(1)
State, organised crime and the environment
955(1)
Regulation and control
955(5)
Questions for further discussion
960(1)
Further reading
960(1)
Websites
960(3)
36 Globalisation, terrorism and human rights
963(28)
Globalisation
964(3)
Globalisation and criminology
965(1)
Criminalising migration
965(2)
Terrorism
967(7)
What is terrorism?
968(1)
Terrorism in Britain
968(1)
The new international terrorism
969(1)
Special powers for special circumstances?
970(2)
Control orders and the PATRIOT Act
971(1)
Terrorism and the 'new wars'
972(2)
Private military industry
972(1)
Privatised security in Iraq
973(1)
State crime
974(6)
Genocide
976(2)
Cambodia
976(1)
Rwanda
977(1)
Bosnia
977(1)
War as crime and war crimes
978(2)
Human rights
980(10)
Origins of human rights
980(3)
Human rights in the twentieth century
980(2)
Human rights in Britain
982(1)
The Human Rights Act 1998
983(4)
The impact of the Human Rights Act
985(2)
Criminology and human rights
987(1)
Dealing with human rights abuses
988(2)
Questions for further discussion
990(1)
Further reading
990(1)
Websites
990(1)
Part 6 Doing criminology 991
37 Understanding criminological research
993(26)
Introduction
994(1)
Research methods
994(13)
Surveys
995(4)
Questionnaire design
997(2)
Interviews
999(2)
Focus groups
1001(2)
Ethnography
1003(2)
Documentary analysis
1005(1)
Case studies
1006(1)
Sampling
1007(2)
Random (or probability) sampling
1007(1)
Stratified sampling
1007(1)
Quota sampling
1008(1)
Purposive sampling
1008(1)
Convenience sampling
1008(1)
Snowball sampling
1009(1)
Statistics
1009(3)
Descriptive statistics
1009(1)
Numerical and categorical data
1010(1)
Normal distribution
1010(1)
Correlation
1010(1)
Probability and significance
1011(1)
Controversy: evaluation and experimentation
1012(4)
Experimental methods
1012(1)
Quasi-experimental methods
1013(1)
Evaluation research
1013(3)
Questions for further discussion
1016(1)
Further reading
1016(1)
Websites
1017(2)
38 Doing criminological research
1019
Introduction
1020(1)
Choosing a topic
1020(3)
Doing a literature review
1023(2)
Selecting methods
1025(1)
Theory and research
1025(2)
Hypothetico-deductive theory
1025(1)
Grounded theory
1026(1)
Negotiating access
1027(2)
Research governance/ethics
1029(1)
Pilot research
1030(1)
Writing
1031(3)
Beginning to write
1032(1)
Write clearly
1032(1)
Decent prose
1032(2)
Plagiarism
1034(1)
Time management
1035(1)
Further reading
1036
Tim Newburn is Professor of Criminology and Social Policy at the London School of Economics. He is the author or editor of over 35 books, including: Permission and Regulation: Law and Morals in Post-war Britain (Routledge, 1991); The Future of Policing (with Rod Morgan, 1997); Private Security and Public Policing (with Trevor Jones, 1998); Policy Transfer and Criminal Justice (with Trevor Jones, 2007); Handbook of Policing (2008); Key Readings in Criminology (2009) and the Sage Handbook of Criminological Theory (with McLaughlin, 2010). Tim Newburn is currently writing the Offi cial History of Criminal Justice with David Downes and Paul Rock, and continues to work (with Andrew Ward) on a book entitled Orderly Britain: How We Solve Our Everyday Problems from Dog Mess to Double Parking .