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ix | |
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xiii | |
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xv | |
Introduction |
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1 | (8) |
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Part A Introduction to the Problem of Public Libel Law |
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9 | (2) |
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1 Balancing Freedom of Expression and Reputation in Constitutional Context |
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11 | (26) |
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I Defamation's Moving Target: Balancing Free Expression and Reputation |
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11 | (9) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (2) |
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C Publications to the `World at Large' |
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15 | (2) |
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D Politicians and Public Libels---The Resonance of Radical Whig Ideology |
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17 | (2) |
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E Liberalising Media Defamation Defences |
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19 | (1) |
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II Overview of Public Libel Doctrine |
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20 | (8) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (3) |
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27 | (1) |
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III Continuum of Doctrinal Solutions |
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28 | (1) |
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IV Public Libel Law's Theory-Doctrine Rift |
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29 | (7) |
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A Universal Rejection of the `Actual Malice' Rule |
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29 | (4) |
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B Necessity for Expanded Comparative Law Framework |
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33 | (3) |
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36 | (1) |
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2 Methodological Barriers to Democratic Theorising |
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37 | (24) |
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37 | (1) |
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II Methodological Barrier I |
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38 | (3) |
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A Freedom of Expression's Incomplete `Core' |
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38 | (3) |
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III Democratic Theorising in Public Libel Jurisprudence |
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41 | (11) |
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A Meiklejohn's `Self-Governance' Rationale |
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41 | (5) |
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B Blasi's `Checking Value' of the Press |
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46 | (6) |
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IV Methodological Barrier II |
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52 | (7) |
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A Necessity for `Multi-Valued' Theorising |
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52 | (4) |
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B Structural Institutionalism, Categoricalism, and Ad Hoc Balancing |
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56 | (3) |
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59 | (2) |
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Part B Undertheorising Democratic Accountability: Comparative Law Analysis of Public Libel Doctrine |
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61 | (2) |
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3 Indeterminate Balancing in Public Libel Doctrine: Generic Rules and `Implied Rights' |
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63 | (28) |
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63 | (13) |
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A Defamation Plaintiffs, Generic Rules, and Democratic Theory |
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64 | (12) |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (13) |
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A Implied Rights: Disavowing Free Speech Theory |
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77 | (4) |
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B Defamation and Implied Freedoms |
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81 | (4) |
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C Methodological Crisis in the High Court |
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85 | (4) |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (2) |
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4 Overlooking the Checking Function of the Press |
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91 | (28) |
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91 | (1) |
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II Strasbourg Jurisprudence |
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91 | (7) |
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A Press Freedom and Political Expression under the European Convention |
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91 | (2) |
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B `Responsible Journalism' and Judicial Censure |
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93 | (4) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (8) |
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A Of `Missing Rationales and Principles' |
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98 | (8) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (11) |
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A Bias against the Press in the Court of Appeal |
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106 | (3) |
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B `Drawing the Line': Theoretical Disjunctions and Public Libel Reform |
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109 | (3) |
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C Enlarging the Scope of Qualified Privilege |
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112 | (4) |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (2) |
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5 Conflating Meiklejohnian Theory and the Checking Function of the Press |
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119 | (22) |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (6) |
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A Reciprocity Obligations and Meiklejohnian Theory |
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120 | (2) |
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B Undertheorising in the UK Parliament |
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122 | (3) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (13) |
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A A `Quasi-Constitutional' Press: The Checking Function before the Charter |
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126 | (2) |
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B Post-Charter Methodological Errors |
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128 | (4) |
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C `Rebalancing' Defamation Law without the Checking Function |
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132 | (5) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (3) |
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Part C Reasserting Democratic Accountability |
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141 | (4) |
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6 Distinguishing the Checking Function from Meiklejohnian Theory: Lessons from Public Accountability and Neo-Republicanism |
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145 | (22) |
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I Confronting a Conceptual Stalemate: `Representation' and `Accountability' |
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145 | (5) |
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II Public Accountability Scholarship |
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150 | (11) |
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A Preliminary Observations |
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150 | (2) |
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B Accountability's `Minimal Conceptual Consensus' |
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152 | (1) |
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C Accountability Mechanisms, Arrangements, and Regimes |
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153 | (6) |
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D Assessing Accountability |
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159 | (2) |
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III Neo-Republicanism: A Return to Institutional Design |
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161 | (5) |
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A Liberty as `Non-Domination' |
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161 | (1) |
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B `Gas-and-Water-Works' Institutional Design |
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162 | (4) |
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166 | (1) |
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7 A Revised Analytical Framework: Accountability Dysfunctions, Public Libel Doctrine, and the Institutional Press |
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167 | (26) |
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167 | (1) |
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II Accountability Dysfunctions |
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168 | (5) |
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A A `Systems Approach' to Accountability |
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168 | (2) |
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B Accountability Deficits |
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170 | (1) |
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C Accountability Overloads |
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171 | (2) |
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III The Institutional Press as a Horizontal Accountability Mechanism |
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173 | (12) |
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A Preliminary Observations |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (3) |
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177 | (7) |
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184 | (1) |
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IV Public Libel Doctrine: Balancing Reputation and Freedom of Expression in Contemporary Democracies |
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185 | (6) |
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A Moving Toward a Revised Analytical Framework |
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185 | (1) |
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B Primary Mechanisms: Constitutional Structure |
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186 | (1) |
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C Secondary Mechanisms: Dynamic Variables |
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186 | (1) |
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186 | (2) |
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E Public Libel Doctrine: Legal Restrictions on the Press |
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188 | (3) |
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191 | (2) |
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Part D Restoring Democratic Accountability |
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193 | (2) |
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8 Assessing Britain's Political Accountability Profile |
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195 | (26) |
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I Selecting a Law Reform Candidate |
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195 | (3) |
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II Britain's Primary Accountability Mechanisms |
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198 | (15) |
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A Parliamentary/Presidential Structure |
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199 | (3) |
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B Federal/Unitary Structure |
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202 | (2) |
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204 | (2) |
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206 | (5) |
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211 | (2) |
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F Conclusion on Primary Accountability Mechanisms |
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213 | (1) |
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III Britain's Secondary Accountability Mechanisms |
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213 | (7) |
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213 | (3) |
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216 | (2) |
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218 | (2) |
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D Conclusion on Secondary Accountability Mechanisms |
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220 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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9 Reinstating the Checking Function in Britain's Constitutional Context |
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221 | (18) |
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I Law Reform Recommendations |
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221 | (7) |
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A Rationale for Britain's Public Libel Doctrine |
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221 | (2) |
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B Specific Law Reform Proposals |
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223 | (5) |
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228 | (9) |
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A Methodological Constraints and Further Research |
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228 | (2) |
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B Comparative Law Reflections |
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230 | (6) |
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C Institutional Competence |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (2) |
Conclusion---Prospective Challenges to Public Libel Law Reform |
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239 | (4) |
Index |
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243 | |