| Introduction |
|
1 | (8) |
|
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
Why study the grammar of English? |
|
|
2 | (2) |
|
What counts as the grammar of English? |
|
|
4 | (3) |
|
|
|
7 | (2) |
|
|
|
9 | (10) |
|
Grammaticality and acceptability |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
Grammaticality and intuition |
|
|
10 | (3) |
|
|
|
13 | (2) |
|
Grammaticality: descriptive and prescriptive grammar |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
Grammaticality and language change |
|
|
16 | (3) |
|
Adjectives and adjective phrases |
|
|
19 | (13) |
|
Adjectives and adjective phrases: introduction |
|
|
19 | (2) |
|
Adjectives and adjective phrases: adjectives and denotation |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
Adjectives and adjective phrases: adjectives and gradability |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
Adjectives and adjective phrases: adjectives as heads of noun phrases |
|
|
23 | (3) |
|
Adjectives and adjective phrases: adjectives as a word class |
|
|
26 | (2) |
|
Adjectives and adjective phrases: adjective positions in noun phrases |
|
|
28 | (2) |
|
Adjectives and adjective phrases: reduplication |
|
|
30 | (2) |
|
Adverbs and adverb phrases |
|
|
32 | (6) |
|
Adverbs and adverb phrases: introduction |
|
|
32 | (2) |
|
Adverbs and adverb phrases: adverbs and adjectives |
|
|
34 | (2) |
|
Adverbs and adverb phrases: structure of adverb phrases |
|
|
36 | (2) |
|
|
|
38 | (10) |
|
Adverbial clauses: introduction |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
Adverbial clauses: time, condition, reason, concession |
|
|
39 | (1) |
|
Adverbial clauses: less common types |
|
|
40 | (1) |
|
Adverbial clauses: position in clauses and sentences |
|
|
40 | (4) |
|
Adverbial clauses: spoken English |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
Adverbial clauses: subordinate clause or main clause? |
|
|
45 | (3) |
|
|
|
48 | (33) |
|
Clause and text: introduction |
|
|
48 | (2) |
|
|
|
50 | (5) |
|
|
|
50 | (2) |
|
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
Clause and text: cohesion |
|
|
55 | (26) |
|
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
Cohesion: orientation in place |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
Cohesion: orientation in time |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
Cohesion: orientation in time: tense and aspect |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
Cohesion: co-reference and referent tracking |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
Cohesion: coordination and subordination |
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
Cohesion: adverbials and conjunctions |
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
Clause and text: cohesion --- active, passive, middle |
|
|
58 | (3) |
|
Clause and text: discourse markers |
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
Clause and text: ellipsis |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
Clause and text: focus: special syntactic constructions |
|
|
64 | (3) |
|
Clause and text: focus: word order |
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
Clause and text: given and new |
|
|
67 | (4) |
|
Clause and text: non-finite clauses |
|
|
71 | (1) |
|
Clause and text: spoken and written text |
|
|
72 | (3) |
|
|
|
75 | (6) |
|
|
|
81 | (26) |
|
Clause structure: introduction |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
Clause structure: constituents |
|
|
81 | (4) |
|
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
|
|
82 | (3) |
|
Clause structure: dependency relations |
|
|
85 | (7) |
|
Clause structure: hierarchical structure |
|
|
92 | (3) |
|
Clause structure: linearity and predicate-argument structure |
|
|
95 | (2) |
|
Clause structure: linearity and grammatical functions |
|
|
97 | (4) |
|
Clause structure: verb phrases |
|
|
101 | (2) |
|
Clause structure: integrated and unintegrated syntax |
|
|
103 | (4) |
|
|
|
107 | (5) |
|
|
|
107 | (5) |
|
|
|
112 | (13) |
|
Complement clauses: complementisers |
|
|
112 | (2) |
|
Complement clauses: embedded interrogatives |
|
|
114 | (5) |
|
Complement clauses: mood and modality |
|
|
119 | (2) |
|
Complement clauses: gerunds, infinitives and meaning |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
Complement clauses: noun complement clauses |
|
|
122 | (3) |
|
|
|
125 | (3) |
|
|
|
125 | (3) |
|
|
|
128 | (13) |
|
Non-finite clauses: introduction |
|
|
128 | (2) |
|
Non-finite clauses: infinitives |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
Non-finite clauses: free participles |
|
|
131 | (2) |
|
Non-finite clauses: gerunds (Type 1) |
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
Non-finite clauses: gerunds (Type 2) |
|
|
134 | (2) |
|
Non-finite clauses: reduced adverbials |
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
Non-finite clauses: reduced relatives |
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
Non-finite clauses: verb stem |
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
Non-finite clauses: with + NP |
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
Non-finite clauses: eight types or four? |
|
|
139 | (2) |
|
|
|
141 | (29) |
|
Nouns and noun phrases: introduction |
|
|
141 | (10) |
|
Nouns and noun phrases: common and proper |
|
|
151 | (2) |
|
Nouns and noun phrases: count and mass |
|
|
153 | (5) |
|
Countability: individuals and substances |
|
|
153 | (2) |
|
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
|
|
155 | (3) |
|
Nouns and noun phrases: determinatives |
|
|
158 | (6) |
|
Nouns and noun phrases: pronouns |
|
|
164 | (6) |
|
Prepositions and prepositional phrases |
|
|
170 | (10) |
|
Prepositions and prepositional phrases: introduction |
|
|
170 | (1) |
|
Prepositions and prepositional phrases: prepositions and particles |
|
|
171 | (2) |
|
Prepositions and prepositional phrases: prepositions, transitive and intransitive |
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
Prepositions and prepositional phrases: prepositional phrases, their distribution |
|
|
174 | (2) |
|
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
Complements (or postmodifiers) of nouns |
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
Complements (or postmodifiers) of adjectives |
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
Complements of prepositions |
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
Prepositions and prepositional phrases: prepositions and meaning |
|
|
176 | (2) |
|
Prepositions and prepositional phrases: prepositional verbs |
|
|
178 | (2) |
|
|
|
180 | (26) |
|
Relative clauses: introduction |
|
|
180 | (2) |
|
Relative clauses: contact |
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
|
|
183 | (2) |
|
Relative clauses: infinitival |
|
|
185 | (1) |
|
Relative clauses: non-standard |
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
Relative clauses: propositional |
|
|
187 | (1) |
|
Relative clauses: restrictive and non-restrictive |
|
|
188 | (2) |
|
Relative clauses: shadow pronouns |
|
|
190 | (3) |
|
|
|
193 | (2) |
|
Relative clauses: unattached |
|
|
195 | (2) |
|
Relative clauses: unintegrated |
|
|
197 | (1) |
|
|
|
198 | (3) |
|
Relative clauses: wh words as deictics |
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
Relative clauses: which as discourse connective |
|
|
202 | (4) |
|
|
|
206 | (18) |
|
Sentences and clauses: introduction |
|
|
206 | (2) |
|
Sentences and clauses: clauses |
|
|
208 | (2) |
|
Sentences and clauses: complex sentences |
|
|
210 | (1) |
|
Sentences and clauses: compound sentences |
|
|
211 | (1) |
|
Sentences and clauses: main and subordinate clauses |
|
|
212 | (4) |
|
Sentences and clauses: sentence fragments |
|
|
216 | (2) |
|
Sentences and clauses: simple sentences |
|
|
218 | (1) |
|
Sentences and clauses: subordinate clauses: preposition or complementiser? |
|
|
218 | (2) |
|
Sentences and clauses: system sentence and text sentence |
|
|
220 | (4) |
|
|
|
224 | (44) |
|
Verbs and verb phrases: tense and aspect: introduction |
|
|
224 | (3) |
|
Verbs and verb phrases: tense and aspect in English |
|
|
227 | (2) |
|
Verbs and verb phrases: future tense |
|
|
229 | (3) |
|
Verbs and verb phrases: middle construction |
|
|
232 | (4) |
|
Verbs and verb phrases: mood and modality |
|
|
236 | (7) |
|
Verbs and verb phrases: passive voice |
|
|
243 | (2) |
|
Verbs and verb phrases: present perfect and adverbs |
|
|
245 | (4) |
|
Verbs and verb phrases: present perfect and resultative |
|
|
249 | (3) |
|
Verbs and verb phrases: present perfect and simple past |
|
|
252 | (2) |
|
Verbs and verb phrases: progressive aspect |
|
|
254 | (3) |
|
Verbs and verb phrases: simple present |
|
|
257 | (4) |
|
Verbs and verb phrases: situation (lexical) aspect |
|
|
261 | (7) |
|
|
|
268 | (13) |
|
Word classes: introduction |
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
Word classes: major and minor |
|
|
268 | (2) |
|
|
|
270 | (3) |
|
|
|
273 | (2) |
|
|
|
275 | (4) |
|
Word classes: syntactic criteria and sub-classes |
|
|
279 | (2) |
| Notes |
|
281 | (10) |
| Bibliography |
|
291 | (3) |
| Index |
|
294 | |
Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām