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E-grāmata: Crossing: Language and Ethnicity among Adolescents

(Kings College, London, UK)
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Crossing: Language and Ethnicity among AdolescentsPalielināt
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Focusing on urban youth culture and language crossing, this foundational volume by Ben Rampton has played a pivotal role in the shaping of language and ethnic identity as a domain of study. It focuses on language crossing - the use of Panjabi by adolescents of African-Caribbean and Anglo descent, the use of Creole by adolescents with Panjabi and Anglo backgrounds, and the use of stylized Indian English. Crossings central question is: how far and in what ways do these intricate processes of language sharing and exchange help to overcome race stratification and contribute to a new sense of mixed youth, class and neighbourhood community?

Ben Rampton produces detailed ethnographic and interactional analyses of spontaneous speech data, and integrates the discussion of particular incidents with theories of discourse, code-switching, social movements, resistance and ritual drawn from sociolinguistics, sociology, anthropology and cultural studies.

Now a Routledge Linguistics Classic with a new preface which sets the work in its current context, this book remains key reading for all those working in the areas of applied linguistics, sociolinguistics and linguistic anthropology.

Recenzijas

"The importance of this book for sociolinguistics cannot be overestimated."

C. Kramsch, 1998, Review, Language and Education

"Ramptons book Crossing put the sociolinguistic study of style, and of interethnic styling in particular, on a new footing. [ ] The distinctiveness of Ramptons work lies in its ethnographic depth, theoretical openness and empirical specificity."

N. Coupland, 2007, Review, Style

"Ben Rampton has produced a very important study, not only on language and ethnicity among adolescents but on a range of sociolinguistic topics."

J. Blommaert, 1998, Review, Journal of Sociolinguistics

"A research monograph which manages to be empirically thorough, methodologically rigorous, and of practical and theoretical interest."

M. Heller, 1997, Review, International Journal of Bilingualism Praise for Crossing, First Edition

"Published in 1995, Ben Ramptons book Crossing put the sociolinguistic study of style, and of interethnic styling in particular, on a new footing. His work shares many assumptions and priorities with the studies I have been reviewing in this chapte and it has been an important stimulus to many of them. [ ...] The distinctiveness of Ramptons work lies in its ethnographic depth, theoretical openness and empirical specificity" (N. Coupland, 2007, Review, Style 136-7)

"Ben Rampton has produced a very important study, not only on language and ethnicity among adolescents but on a range of sociolinguistic topics" (J. Blommaert, 1998, Review, Journal of Sociolinguistics 2/1: 119)

"This is another wonderful contribution from Longmans Real Language series, a research monograph which manages to be empirically thorough, methodologically rigorous, and of practical and theoretical interest" (M. Heller, 1997, Review, International Journal of Bilingualism 1/1: 71)

"The importance of this book for sociolinguistics cannot be overestimated" (C. Kramsch, 1998, Review, Language and Education 12/1: 74)

List of Figures
xi
List of Numbered Extracts, Settings and Main Participants
xiii
Acknowledgements xv
Transcription Symbols and Conventions xvi
Preface to the Routledge Linguistics Classics Edition xix
Preface to the Second Edition 1(17)
Part I Introductory
1 Introduction
18(33)
Language, Ethnicity and Youth in Late Industrial Britain
1.1 Starting points in sociolinguistics and sociology
19(2)
1.2 Competing grounds for political solidarity
21(5)
1.3 Distinctive concerns in the present study
26(2)
1.4 Descriptive and theoretical concepts
28(5)
1.5 Siting within sociolinguistics
33(2)
1.6 Fieldwork, methods and the database
35(2)
1.7 The town, the neighbourhood and networks
37(9)
1.8 The chapters that follow
46(5)
Notes
48(3)
2 Local Reports of Language Crossing
51(29)
2.1 Reports of interracial Creole
51(7)
2.2 Interracial Panjabi
58(2)
2.3 Comparison of crossing in Panjabi and Creole
60(5)
2.4 Stylized Asian English
65(4)
2.5 Comparison of SAE, Panjabi and Creole
69(3)
2.6 Summary and overview: A local and historical setting for language crossing
72(8)
Notes
76(4)
Part II Interaction with Adults: Contesting Stratification
3 Stylized Asian English (i)
80(22)
Interactional Ritual, Symbol and Politics
3.1 Linguistic features marking speech as SAE
80(1)
3.2 Interview reports
81(2)
3.3 Incidents observed
83(9)
3.4 Ritual, symbol and politics in interaction
92(6)
3.5 Interaction and social movements
98(4)
Notes
101(1)
4 Panjabi(i)
102(18)
Interactional and Institutional Participation Frameworks
4.1 Panjabi in conflictual interaction with adults
102(2)
4.2 Panjabi crossing in non-conflictual adult-adolescent interaction
104(2)
4.3 Adult-adolescent participation frameworks in Panjabi and SAE
106(1)
4.4 Bystanding as a contingent relationship
107(5)
4.5 The institutional embedding of interactional relations
112(8)
Notes
117(3)
5 Creole (i)
120(26)
Links to the Local Vernacular
5.1 Interview reports
120(2)
5.2 Evidence from interaction
122(4)
5.3 The correspondence between interactional and institutional organization
126(1)
5.4 Interactional evidence of Creole's incorporation with oppositional vernacular discourse
127(5)
5.5 Creole and the local multiracial vernacular
132(3)
5.6 Correction by adults
135(2)
5.7 Summary
137(1)
5.8 Conclusion to Part II: Crossing, youth subcultures and the development of political sensibilities
138(8)
Notes
142(4)
Part III Interaction with Peers: Negotiating Solidarity
6 Stylized Asian English (ii)
146(22)
Rituals of Differentiation and Consensus
6.1 SAE in criticism
147(1)
6.2 Critical SAE to adolescents with lower peer group status
147(5)
6.3 Critical SAE between friends and acquaintances
152(5)
6.4 SAE in structured games
157(3)
6.5 Summary: SAE to adults, to adolescents and in games
160(1)
6.6 Rituals of disorder, differentiation and consensus
161(2)
6.7 Games
163(5)
Notes
165(3)
7 Panjabi (ii)
168(30)
Playground Agonism, `Language Learning' and the Liminal
7.1 Panjabi in the multiracial playground repertoire
168(1)
7.2 Playground Panjabi in games
169(3)
7.3 Jocular abuse
172(7)
7.4 Not-so-jocular abuse
179(4)
7.5 Self-directed playground Panjabi
183(3)
7.6 Mellowing over time
186(1)
7.7 Girls and playground Panjabi: Cross- and same-sex interactions
187(2)
7.8 Overview: opportunities, risks and the enunciation of `tensed unity'
189(3)
7.9 Language crossing and the `liminal'
192(6)
Notes
196(2)
8 Creole (ii)
198(24)
Degrees of Ritualization in Ashmead and South London
8.1 Hewitt's analysis
199(3)
8.2 Crossing with degrees of ritualization
202(1)
8.3 Evidence from Ashmead
203(8)
8.4 Interracial Creole: Summary
211(4)
8.5 Conclusion to Part III: The polyphonic dynamics of language and social identity
215(7)
Notes
220(2)
Part IV Crossing and Performance Art
9 Creole and SAE (iii)
222(15)
Rituals of Morality and Truth, Falsity and Doubt
9.1 Sound systems and black music
222(2)
9.2 Crossing and black music in Ashmead
224(4)
9.3 Sound systems, ritual and liminality
228(2)
9.4 Charting other-ethnic Creole
230(2)
9.5 SAE in Drama
232(5)
Notes
236(1)
10 Panjabi (iii)
237(29)
Looking Beyond the Borders
10.1 Bhangra in Britain
237(1)
10.2 Bhangra in Ashmead
238(1)
10.3 Bhangra's local interethnic spread
239(5)
10.4 An interethnic conversation about bhangra
244(3)
10.5 Competitive incentives and obstacles to white participation
247(4)
10.6 Playground and bhangra crossing compared
251(2)
10.7 Interactional practices facilitating access to bhangra
253(2)
10.8 Gender relations and movement towards bhangra
255(3)
10.9 Summary
258(8)
Notes
261(5)
Part V Conclusions
11 Crossing and the Sociolinguistics of Language Contact
266(25)
11.1 Crossing as a form of code-switching
266(4)
11.2 Crossing as a distinct but neglected practice
270(4)
11.3 Crossing's generality
274(4)
11.4 Code-crossing's value as a sociolinguistic concept
278(1)
11.5 The contribution to SLA
279(4)
11.6 Revising sociolinguistic conceptions of ethnicity
283(8)
Notes
286(5)
12 Crossing, Discourse and Ideology
291(17)
12.1 Discourse, consciousness and ideology: A map
291(4)
12.2 Discourse, consciousness and ideology: Language crossing
295(1)
12.3 The influence of established ideologies
295(3)
12.4 Local ideological creativity
298(5)
12.5 From behavioural to established ideology?
303(5)
Notes
307(1)
13 Educational Discourses on Language
308(20)
13.1 Educational discourses on multilingualism in England
308(1)
13.2 SAE and TESL orthodoxies
308(3)
13.3 Panjabi crossing and bilingual education
311(1)
13.4 Language education, code-crossing and competing conceptions of ethnic identity
312(3)
13.5 Language awareness as a curriculum subject
315(5)
13.6 The trouble with the `native speaker'
320(2)
13.7 Expertise, affiliation and inheritance
322(6)
Notes
327(1)
Appendix I 328(4)
Appendix II 332(3)
Bibliography 335(18)
Index 353
Ben Rampton is Professor of Applied Linguistics and Sociolinguistics at Kings College London. He is author of Language and Late Modernity: Interaction in an Urban School (2006), co-author of Researching Language: Issues of Power and Method (Routledge, 1992), and co-editor of The Language, Ethnicity and Race Reader (Routledge, 2003) and Language and Superdiversity (Routledge, 2016).
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