An introduction to the Fundamentals of Biomedical Science series |
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x | |
Online resources |
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xii | |
Preface to the first edition |
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xiv | |
Preface to the second edition |
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xv | |
Contributors |
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xvi | |
Abbreviations |
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xix | |
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1 Introduction: a glance at the past, a glimpse of the future |
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1 | (11) |
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2 | (1) |
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1.2 The development of cytology |
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3 | (4) |
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3.3 Cytology in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century |
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7 | (5) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (33) |
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2.1 Principles and techniques of specimen collection |
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13 | (5) |
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2.2 The mode of action and effects of cytological fixatives |
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18 | (2) |
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2.3 Preparation techniques |
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20 | (10) |
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2.4 Demonstration techniques |
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30 | (15) |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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3 The cervical screening process |
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45 | (24) |
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3.1 The basic theory of screening programmes |
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45 | (8) |
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53 | (2) |
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3.3 National Health Service Cervical Screening Programme |
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55 | (8) |
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3.4 Agencies involved in the NHS Cervical Screening Programme |
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63 | (6) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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4 Normal cervical cytology |
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69 | (42) |
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4.1 Normal anatomy and histology of the female genital system |
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70 | (4) |
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4.2 Physiology of the female genital system |
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74 | (7) |
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81 | (2) |
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4.4 The cytological failures of normal epithelial cells |
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83 | (3) |
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4.5 Hormonal variations in cervical samples |
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86 | (4) |
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4.6 Non-epithelial cells in cervical samples |
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90 | (4) |
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4.7 Microorganisms in cervical samples |
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94 | (5) |
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4.8 The cytology of inflammation |
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99 | (4) |
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103 | (4) |
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4.10 Criteria for judging the adequacy of cervical samples |
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107 | (4) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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5 Abnormal cervical cytology |
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111 | (32) |
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5.1 Cervical cancer epidemiology |
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112 | (4) |
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5.2 Squamous neoplasia of the cervix |
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116 | (7) |
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123 | (10) |
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133 | (4) |
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5.5 Borderline nuclear changes |
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137 | (1) |
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5.6 Colposcopy and treatment |
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138 | (5) |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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6 Quality issues in cervical screening and cytology |
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143 | (14) |
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144 | (1) |
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6.2 Quality of primary cervical screening |
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145 | (4) |
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6.3 Quality of cervical screening triage |
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149 | (2) |
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6.4 Quality measures and quality standards in cervical screening |
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151 | (2) |
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6.5 External quality assessment |
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153 | (1) |
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6.6 Multidisciplinary meetings |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (2) |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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7 Diagnostic cytopathology |
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157 | (16) |
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7.1 The general principles of diagnostic:, non-cervical cytology |
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158 | (2) |
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7.2 Nomenclature and classification of neoplastic conditions |
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160 | (2) |
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7.3 The mechanisms of tumour genesis and metastasis |
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162 | (2) |
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7.4 Benign processes affecting cell morphology |
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164 | (5) |
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7.5 The role of cancer multidisciplinary teams |
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169 | (4) |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (34) |
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8.1 Anatomy and histology |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (4) |
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179 | (1) |
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8.4 Terminology used in reporting urine samples |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (3) |
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183 | (7) |
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190 | (4) |
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8.8 Cytology of urothelial carcinoma |
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194 | (6) |
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200 | (5) |
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8.10 Ancillary techniques |
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205 | (2) |
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205 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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9 Serous effusions and peritoneal washings |
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207 | (54) |
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9.1 Anatomy and physiology of serous membranes |
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208 | (2) |
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9.2 Specimen collection and sample processing |
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210 | (4) |
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9.3 Reporting terminology |
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214 | (1) |
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9.4 The cells of effusions |
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215 | (8) |
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223 | (24) |
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247 | (14) |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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10 Lower respiratory tract cytology |
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261 | (44) |
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10.1 Anatomy and normal cytology of the respiratory tract |
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261 | (8) |
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10.2 Specimen collection and sample processing |
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269 | (5) |
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10.3 Reporting terminology |
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274 | (1) |
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10.4 Assessment of sample adequacy |
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274 | (1) |
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10.5 Inflammatory and non-neoplastic cytology |
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275 | (2) |
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277 | (5) |
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282 | (8) |
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10.8 Cytology of lung cancer |
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290 | (15) |
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303 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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11 Fine needle aspiration cytology |
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305 | (24) |
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11.1 Principles and technique of fine needle aspiration |
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306 | (5) |
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11.2 Reporting terminology |
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311 | (1) |
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11.3 Assessment of sample adequacy |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (16) |
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327 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
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327 | (2) |
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12 Cytology of the head and neck |
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329 | (44) |
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330 | (2) |
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332 | (2) |
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334 | (1) |
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334 | (2) |
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12.5 Other tissues of the head and neck |
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336 | (1) |
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12.6 Clinical presentation |
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337 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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12.8 Salivary gland pathologies |
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338 | (22) |
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12.9 Lymph node pathologies |
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360 | (13) |
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371 | (1) |
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372 | (1) |
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372 | (1) |
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373 | (26) |
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13.1 Spermatozoa production |
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374 | (2) |
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376 | (2) |
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13.3 Reasons for testing patients |
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378 | (1) |
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13.4 Specimen requirements |
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378 | (2) |
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13.5 Laboratory equipment |
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380 | (3) |
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381 | (2) |
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13.7 Standard laboratory tests for evaluation of semen |
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383 | (10) |
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13.8 Interpreting the test results |
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393 | (6) |
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397 | (1) |
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398 | (1) |
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398 | (1) |
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14 Cytology of the biliary tract and pancreas |
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399 | (24) |
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14.1 Anatomy of the bile ducts, gall bladder, and the pancreas |
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400 | (3) |
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403 | (4) |
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407 | (1) |
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14.4 Normal cytology of the extra-hepatic bile ducts and pancreas |
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407 | (3) |
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14.5 Reporting terminology |
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410 | (1) |
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14.6 Aetiology, symptoms, and treatment of malignancies arising from the biliary tract and the pancreas |
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411 | (3) |
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14.7 Common cytological findings in malignancy |
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414 | (9) |
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422 | (1) |
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422 | (1) |
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422 | (1) |
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15 Advances in cytopathology |
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423 | (49) |
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15.1 Automated cervical screening |
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424 | (4) |
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428 | (1) |
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15.3 The role of HPV testing and the cervical cancer vaccine |
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428 | (3) |
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15.4 Future trends in immunocytochemistry |
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431 | (4) |
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435 | (1) |
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15.6 Molecular techniques |
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436 | (19) |
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15.7 Application of molecular techniques in cytopathology |
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455 | (17) |
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470 | (1) |
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470 | (1) |
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471 | (1) |
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16 Data analysis in cytopathology |
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472 | (37) |
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16.1 Types of data in cytology |
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473 | (1) |
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16.2 Presentation of cytology data |
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473 | (11) |
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16.3 Measures of individual and laboratory performance |
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484 | (6) |
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16.4 Procedures for managing cytology performance |
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490 | (1) |
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16.5 Research in cytology |
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491 | (18) |
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507 | (1) |
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507 | (1) |
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508 | (1) |
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17 Expertise in cytopathology |
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509 | (20) |
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17.1 What are the core mental skills in cytology? The three Ds |
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509 | (5) |
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514 | (3) |
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17.3 The role of visual memory |
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517 | (1) |
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17.4 The role of selective attention |
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517 | (1) |
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17.5 How do novice cytologists become experts? |
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518 | (1) |
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17.6 Cytology error and its consequences |
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519 | (6) |
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17.7 Beyond the limitations of human perception |
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525 | (4) |
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526 | (1) |
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527 | (1) |
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527 | (2) |
Glossary |
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529 | (30) |
References |
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559 | (4) |
Index |
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563 | |