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E-grāmata: Death and Salvation in Ancient Egypt

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  • Formāts: 504 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 14-Nov-2011
  • Izdevniecība: Cornell University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780801464805
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  • Formāts: 504 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 14-Nov-2011
  • Izdevniecība: Cornell University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780801464805

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"Human beings," the acclaimed Egyptologist Jan Assmann writes, "are the animals that have to live with the knowledge of their death, and culture is the world they create so they can live with that knowledge." In his new book, Assmann explores images of death and of death rites in ancient Egypt to provide startling new insights into the particular character of the civilization as a whole.Drawing on the unfamiliar genre of the death liturgy, he arrives at a remarkably comprehensive view of the religion of death in ancient Egypt. Assmann describes in detail nine different images of death: death as the body being torn apart, as social isolation, the notion of the court of the dead, the dead body, the mummy, the soul and ancestral spirit of the dead, death as separation and transition, as homecoming, and as secret. Death and Salvation in Ancient Egypt also includes a fascinating discussion of rites that reflect beliefs about death through language and ritual.

Recenzijas

Death and Salvation in Ancient Egypt serves as a compendious introduction to how ancient Egyptians approached their mortality as well as their impending immortality. Throughout, Assmann continues to build upon his vast store of important publications, yet again bringing to his work a deep background in theoretical literature, especially anthropology and philosophy. This gives his work a decidedly comparative flair, citing parallels or contrasts with cultures ancient or modern, Near Eastern or otherwise. Much of Assmann's Egyptological work has become required reading, and Death and Salvation will be no exception. Controversial, insightful, incredibly informed, and in constant contact with the primary textual material, this volume will continue to inspire discussion for years to come.

(Journal of Near Eastern Studies) Assmann astounds the reader with his deep knowledge of religious texts from all periods of Egyptian civilization and from the Greeks and Romans too. He is equally familiar with evidence from art and architecture.... He leads the reader through the maddeningly opaque pronouncements of Egyptian intellectuals about the nature of death, its origin, its meaning, its importance. Every page shines a fresh light on a topic that fascinates us all, but leaves us puzzled. Assmann's book will take its place as classic study and shows again why he is justly regarded as one of the great Egyptologists writing today.

(Bryn Mawr Classical Review)

Translator's Note xi
Introduction: Death and Culture 1(22)
1 Death as Culture Generator
2(7)
2 Principal Distinctions in the Relationship between Death and Culture
9(14)
a) This Life and the Next Life as Lifetime-Encompassing Horizons of Accomplishment
10(1)
b) Death Pieced-on to Life and Life Permeated by Death
11(3)
c) World of the Living, World of the Dead: Border Traffic and Exclusion
14(2)
d) Images and Counterimages, Death and Counterworld
16(7)
Part One Images of Death
Chapter 1 Death as Dismemberment
23(16)
1 The Opening Scene of the Osiris Myth
23(3)
2 The Egyptian Image of the Body
26(5)
3 Salvation from Death by Piecing Together
31(8)
Chapter 2 Death as Social Isolation
39(25)
1 The Physical and Social Sphere of Man
39(2)
2 "One Lives, if His Name is Mentioned"
41(12)
3 "One Lives, if Another Guides Him"
53(3)
4 Subjection to Death through Social Isolation
56(2)
5 "I Am One of You": Salvation from Death through Inclusion
58(6)
Chapter 3 Death as Enemy
64(23)
1 The Lawsuit in Heliopolis
64(9)
2 The Moralizing of Death: The Idea of the Judgment of the Dead
73(4)
3 Death as Enemy and the Life-giving Significance of the Judgment of the Dead
77(10)
Chapter 4 Death as Dissociation: The Person of the Deceased and Its Constituent Elements
87(26)
1 The Ba
90(6)
a) The Ba in the Sky, the Corpse in the Netherworld
90(5)
b) The Uniting of Ba and Corpse
95(1)
2 The Deceased and His Ka
96(6)
3 The Heart
102(3)
4 Image and Body
105(8)
a) Image and Death, Statue and Mummy
105(1)
b) Reserve Head and Mummy Mask
106(4)
c) Shabty and Golem
110(3)
Chapter 5 Death as Separation and Reversal
113(28)
1 Separation from Life: Death as Parting and Inversion
113(15)
a) The Widow's Lament
113(6)
b) Death---"Come!" is His Name
119(9)
2 Out of the Realm of Death and into the Place of Eternal Nourishment
128(10)
a) The Food of Life
128(6)
b) The Dialogue between Atum and Osiris
134(4)
3 Inversion as a State of Death
138(3)
Chapter 6 Death as Transition
141(23)
1 Transition as Ascent to the Sky
141(6)
2 Transition as Journey to Osiris
147(11)
3 Assistance from Beyond: The Image of Death as Transition and the Realm of the Living
158(6)
Chapter 7 Death as Return
164(22)
1 Nut Texts: Laying to Rest in the Coffin as Return to the Womb
165(11)
a) The Inscription on the Coffin of King Merneptah
165(5)
b) Goddess of the Coffin, Goddess of the West, Goddess of the Tree: Figurations of the Great Mother
170(3)
c) Renewal and Vindication: Re and Osiris
173(3)
2 "The Place Where My Heart Returns": The Tomb in the Homeland
176(10)
a) Return to the Tomb
176(6)
b) Death as Return and the Mystery of Regeneration
182(4)
Chapter 8 Death as Mystery
186(23)
1 The Mystery of the Sun: Renewal and Rebirth
186(3)
2 The Mystery of Osiris
189(3)
3 The Tomb as Sacred Place
192(8)
4 Initiation and Death
200(9)
Chapter 9 Going Forth by Day
209(28)
1 This Life as the Afterlife: The "Reversed Polarity" of Mortuary Belief in the New Kingdom
209(9)
2 Festival and Garden as Elysian Aspects of the Realm of the Living
218(19)
a) Visits Home
218(3)
b) Visiting the Garden
221(4)
c) Participation in Major Divine Festivals
225(12)
Part Two Rituals and Recitations
Chapter 10 Mortuary Liturgies and Mortuary Literature
237(23)
1 Provisioning and Transfiguration: The Recording of Recitation Texts in Old Kingdom Pyramids
237(10)
2 Writing as Voice and Recollection: The Recording of Mortuary Texts in Middle Kingdom Coffins and in the Book of the Dead
247(5)
3 Greetings, Requests, and Wishes
252(8)
Chapter 11 In the Sign of the Enemy: The Protective Wake in the Place of Embalming
260(20)
1 The Night before the Funeral
260(10)
2 Coffin Texts Spell 62
270(8)
3 Wakes and Coffin Decoration
278(2)
Chapter 12 The Night of Vindication
280(19)
1 Liturgy A, Part 1: The Judgment Scene
280(8)
2 Liturgy A, Part 2: The Transfiguration of the Vindicated One
288(2)
3 Liturgy A, Part 3: The Vindicated One as Companion of the Gods
290(2)
4 Liturgy B: Embalming and Provisioning
292(7)
Chapter 13 Rituals of Transition from Home to Tomb
299(31)
1 Artistic and Textual Depictions of the Funeral
299(5)
2 From Home to Tomb
304(6)
a) Crossing Over to the West
304(1)
b) Embalming, Cult Drama in the Sacred Temenos, and Rituals in the Garden
305(3)
c) The Procession to the Tomb
308(2)
3 The Rites of Opening the Mouth at the Entrance of the Tomb
310(20)
a) The Opening of the Mouth Ritual
310(7)
b) Setting up the Mummy "before Re"
317(7)
c) Offering of the Heart and Leg
324(6)
Chapter 14 Provisioning the Dead
330(19)
1 Pyramid Texts Spell 373
331(6)
2 Summoning the Dead
337(6)
3 Presentation of Offerings
343(6)
Chapter 15 Sacramental Explanation
349(20)
1 On the Semantics of Transfigurative Speech
349(6)
2 The Discharge of the Corpse of Osiris: On the Sacramental Explanation of Water
355(8)
3 Mortuary Rituals for Egypt
363(6)
Chapter 16 Freedom from the Yoke of Transitoriness: Resultativity and Continuance
369(20)
1 Resultativity
369(10)
2 "Trust Not in the Length of the Years": Salvation through Righteousness
379(5)
3 "Make Holiday! Forget Care!"
384(5)
Chapter 17 Freedom from the Yoke of Transitoriness: Immortality
389(18)
1 Realm of Death and Elysium: The Originally Royal Sense of This Distinction
389(3)
2 Redemption through Unio Liturgica
392(12)
3 Salvation through Divine Grace
404(3)
Afterword: Egypt and the History of Death 407(11)
Notes 418(61)
Index 479
Jan Assmann is Professor Emeritus of Egyptology at Heidelberg University and the 1998 winner of the prestigious Deutsche Historikerpreis (German History Prize). He is the author of The Search for God in Ancient Egypt, also from Cornell. The late David Lorton, an Egyptologist, was the translator of many books, including Ancient Egypt in 101 Questions and Answers, The Secret History of Hermes Trismegistus, The Secret Lore of Egypt, and Akhenaten and the Religion of Light, all from Cornell.