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E-grāmata: Debris Flow

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  • Formāts: 216 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 05-Feb-2004
  • Izdevniecība: WIT Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781784660420
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Debris FlowPalielināt
  • Formāts: 216 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 05-Feb-2004
  • Izdevniecība: WIT Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781784660420
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Since the outset, the aim of debris-flow research has been the comprehension of the physical mechanisms that govern the triggering of the phenomenon along particularly steep slopes, mobilization and the relative stoppage halt in the fan areas. One of the challenges of approaches illustrated in previous literature is their possible validation in the field or the lab. Lorenzini and Mazza (both Alma Mater Studiorum, U. of Bologna, Italy) provide methodological details of a rheological model applicable to investigations on debris-flow mechanics which is capable of accurately representing the phenomenology. The U.S. office of WIT Press is Computational Mechanics. Annotation ©2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

In recent years problems caused by debris flow have been of growing interest to researchers and research organizations due to their increased frequency and interference with the anthropic system.

This book originates from the urgent need to collect together the concepts relating to the phenomenology of the process and all the theories available to formulate rheological models. It also provides a critical and systematic overview of the state-of-the-art in the subject.

Coverage of the mechanics of processes, starting from a phenomenological investigation, and a study of experimental evidence based on field and laboratory tests are included.

Foreword ix
Debris Flows: An Intermediate Phenomenon Between Mass Wasting and Solid Transport
1(14)
Introduction
1(1)
Mass wasting
1(8)
The nature of slope materials
2(1)
Trigger factors
3(1)
Introductory definitions
4(1)
Slope failure
4(2)
Sediment flows
6(1)
Slurry flows
6(1)
Granular flows
7(2)
Solid transport within a streamflow
9(4)
Bed-load
10(1)
Boundary layer of solids in movement
10(1)
Surface movement
11(1)
Jumps
11(1)
Suspended load
12(1)
Neutrally buoyant load
12(1)
Observations
13(2)
The Rheology of Hyperconcentrated Flows
15(24)
Introduction
15(1)
Hyperconcentrated flow classification
16(10)
Main classification criteria
18(4)
Pierson and Costa's rheological classification
22(2)
Apparently fluid mixtures
24(1)
Plastic fluid mixtures
24(1)
Comparison between terminology used in practice and Pierson and Costa's rheological classification
25(1)
The rheological aspects of debris flows
26(13)
Rheology of fluids
28(2)
Newtonian fluids
30(1)
Bingham's plastic fluids
31(1)
Dilatant and pseudoplastic fluids
31(1)
Rheopectic and thixotropic fluids
32(1)
Rheology of debris flows
33(2)
Yield stress and effective viscosity
35(4)
Debris-Flow Phenomenology
39(40)
Introduction
39(2)
Typical debris-flow environments
41(1)
Debris-flow characteristics
42(10)
Composition and grain-size
42(2)
Physical behaviour
44(1)
Velocity and slope angles
44(2)
Mixture properties
46(4)
Flow profile
50(2)
Salient aspects of debris-flow phenomenology
52(5)
Dilatancy
52(1)
Internal friction and cohesion
52(1)
Fluidification
53(2)
Particle segregation
55(1)
The principle mechanisms of particle dispersion
56(1)
Energy in a debris flow
57(7)
Granular temperature
60(4)
Debris-flow propagation
64(5)
Triggering and mobilisation
64(1)
Developed motion
64(2)
Stoppage and deposition
66(3)
The problem of saturation in debris flows
69(10)
Introductory definitions
70(2)
The state of water in the soil
72(7)
The State of the Art of Modelling Debris-Flow Triggering and Mobilisation Mechanisms
79(24)
Introduction
79(7)
Debris-flow triggering and mobilisation mechanisms
80(1)
Progressive increase in the solid concentration of the surface flow
81(1)
The appearance of a surface flow following heavy precipitation
81(1)
Fluidification of a landslide
81(1)
Failure of a natural dam
82(2)
Change of state (liquefaction) of the soil
84(2)
Models on the mechanics of debris-flow triggering
86(14)
Shields' approach
87(4)
Takahashi's approach
91(7)
Recent developments
98(2)
Conclusions
100(3)
The State of the Art of Modelling Debris-Flow Dynamics of Motion
103(38)
Introduction
103(2)
Dynamics of debris flows
105(1)
General nature of the problem
106(2)
Models on the dynamics of debris flows in uniform motion
108(31)
Frictional regime
108(1)
Collisional regime
109(1)
Bagnold's dispersive model
110(6)
Mixed frictional--collisional regime
116(1)
Macroviscous regime
117(2)
Takahashi's viscous model
119(2)
Viscoplastic regime
121(3)
Visco plastic-collisional regime
124(1)
O'Brien and Julien's quadratic model
124(4)
Chen's generalised viscoplastic model
128(4)
Multilayer models
132(1)
Takahashi's multilayer model
133(5)
Debris-flow hydraulics
138(1)
Conclusions
139(2)
Debris-Flow Modelling: A General Outline of the Motion Problem
141(26)
Introduction
141(2)
Debris-flow as fluid-mechanical phenomenon
143(1)
General outline of the problem
144(7)
Mass and momentum balances for homogeneous mixtures
144(3)
Mass and momentum balances for two-phase mixture
147(4)
Balance equations in uniform motion
151(2)
Stress analysis
153(5)
On the dispersive stress effect
156(2)
Dimensionless formulation of the motion-field equations
158(5)
Comparisons between Newtonian and non-Newtonian flows
160(3)
A debris-flow classification based on dimensional analysis
163(4)
Debris-Flow Disaster Mitigation
167(8)
Introduction
167(1)
Nonstructural measures
168(2)
Structural measures
170(2)
Development prospects
172(3)
Concluding Remarks
175(6)
Summary
175(1)
Considerations on the mechanics of solid--liquid flows
176(1)
Hypotheses for future progress
177(4)
References 181(6)
Subject index 187(6)
Glossary 193


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