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E-grāmata: Decoding the Mechanisms of Antikythera Astronomical Device

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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 26-Oct-2015
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783662484470
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Decoding the Mechanisms of Antikythera Astronomical DevicePalielināt
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 26-Oct-2015
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783662484470
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This book presents a systematic design methodology for decoding the interior structure of the Antikythera mechanism, an astronomical device from ancient Greece. The historical background, surviving evidence and reconstructions of the mechanism are introduced, and the historical development of astronomical achievements and various astronomical instruments are investigated. Pursuing an approach based on the conceptual design of modern mechanisms and bearing in mind the standards of science and technology at the time, all feasible designs of the six lost/incomplete/unclear subsystems are synthesized as illustrated examples, and 48 feasible designs of the complete interior structure are presented. This approach provides not only a logical tool for applying modern mechanical engineering knowledge to the reconstruction of the Antikythera mechanism, but also an innovative research direction for identifying the original structures of the mechanism in the future. In short, the book offers

valuable new insights for all readers who are interested in the Antikythera mechanism.


1 A Sketch of Ancient Western Astronomy
1(20)
1.1 Historical Development of Western Astronomy
1(12)
1.1.1 Egyptian Civilization
2(2)
1.1.2 Mesopotamian Civilization
4(1)
1.1.3 Aegean Civilization
5(8)
1.2 Astronomical Cycles and Calendars
13(3)
1.2.1 Egyptian Calendar
13(1)
1.2.2 Metonic Cycle
14(1)
1.2.3 Callippic Cycle
14(1)
1.2.4 Saros Cycle
15(1)
1.2.5 Exeligmos Cycle
15(1)
1.3 Ancient Astronomical Theories
16(2)
1.3.1 Solar Theory
16(1)
1.3.2 Lunar Theory
17(1)
1.3.3 Planetary Theory
17(1)
1.4 Remarks
18(3)
References
18(3)
2 Ancient Astronomical Instruments
21(24)
2.1 Classifications Based on Functions
21(4)
2.1.1 Observation Application
22(1)
2.1.2 Measuring Position and Distance Application
22(1)
2.1.3 Measuring Time Application
23(1)
2.1.4 Computing Application
24(1)
2.1.5 Demonstration Application
24(1)
2.2 Jacob's Staff
25(1)
2.3 Astrolabe
26(2)
2.4 Sundial
28(3)
2.5 Calendrical Device
31(4)
2.5.1 Astrolabe with Calendrical Gearing
31(1)
2.5.2 Sundial with Calendrical Gearing
32(3)
2.6 Planetarium, Astrarium, and Astronomical Clock
35(2)
2.7 Orrery
37(1)
2.8 Comparisons of Astronomical Instruments
38(3)
2.9 Remarks
41(4)
References
41(4)
3 Amazing Discovery of Archaeology
45(18)
3.1 Origination and Process of the Discovery
45(3)
3.1.1 Historical Background of Salvage
46(1)
3.1.2 Story of the Antikythera Finding
47(1)
3.2 Introduction of the Excavations
48(2)
3.3 Known Antikythera Astronomical Device
50(7)
3.3.1 Front Plate
50(1)
3.3.2 Back Plate
51(2)
3.3.3 Display Pointers
53(2)
3.3.4 Interior Structure of Mechanisms
55(2)
3.4 Relative Historical Background and Records
57(2)
3.5 Remarks
59(4)
References
59(4)
4 Modern Reconstruction Research
63(22)
4.1 Early Mentions
63(1)
4.2 Reconstruction Work by Price
64(3)
4.3 Reconstruction Work by Edmund and Morgan
67(2)
4.4 Reconstruction Work by Wright
69(6)
4.5 Reconstruction Work by Freeth et al
75(3)
4.6 Others' Research After AD 2000
78(7)
References
83(2)
5 Reconstruction Design Methodology
85(30)
5.1 Reconstruction Research
85(2)
5.2 Reconstruction Design Methodology
87(5)
5.2.1 Design Specifications
89(1)
5.2.2 Generalized Chains
89(2)
5.2.3 Specialized Chains
91(1)
5.2.4 Reconstruction Designs
91(1)
5.3 Historical Archives of Antikythera Device
92(3)
5.3.1 Detected Evidence
93(1)
5.3.2 Decoded Information
93(1)
5.3.3 Ancient Astronomy
94(1)
5.3.4 Ancient Astronomical Instruments
94(1)
5.3.5 Modern Kinematic and Mechanism Analyses
94(1)
5.4 Reconstruction Research by Yan and Lin
95(14)
5.4.1 Concepts of Mechanical Designs
96(4)
5.4.2 Date Subsystem
100(1)
5.4.3 Eclipse Prediction Subsystem
101(1)
5.4.4 Calendrical Subsystem
102(1)
5.4.5 Lunar Subsystem
103(3)
5.4.6 Solar Subsystem
106(1)
5.4.7 Planetary Subsystem
106(3)
5.4.8 Summary
109(1)
5.5 Comparisons Among Different Reconstruction Researches
109(4)
5.5.1 Comparison with Price's Design
110(1)
5.5.2 Comparison with Edmund and Morgan's Design
110(1)
5.5.3 Comparison with Wright's Design
111(1)
5.5.4 Comparison with the Design of Freeth et al
112(1)
5.6 Remarks
113(2)
References
113(2)
6 Reconstruction Designs of the Calendrical Subsystem
115(18)
6.1 Historical Archives of the Calendrical Subsystem
115(3)
6.2 Design Process of the Calendrical Subsystem
118(13)
6.2.1 Design Specifications
118(1)
6.2.2 Generalized Chains
119(1)
6.2.3 Specialized Chains
120(8)
6.2.4 Reconstruction Designs
128(3)
6.3 Remarks
131(2)
References
131(2)
7 Reconstruction Designs of the Lunar Subsystem
133(20)
7.1 Historical Archives of the Lunar Subsystem
133(7)
7.1.1 Kinematic Analysis of the Lunar Theory
134(2)
7.1.2 Kinematic Analysis of Epicyclic Gear Trains
136(4)
7.2 Design Process of the Lunar Subsystem
140(11)
7.2.1 Design Specifications
140(1)
7.2.2 Generalized Chains
140(2)
7.2.3 Specialized Chains
142(7)
7.2.4 Reconstruction Designs
149(2)
7.3 Remarks
151(2)
References
151(2)
8 Reconstruction Designs of the Solar Subsystem
153(28)
8.1 Historical Archives of the Solar Subsystem
153(8)
8.1.1 Possible Arrangements of the Driving Power
154(1)
8.1.2 Kinematic Analysis of the Solar Theory
155(1)
8.1.3 Eccentric System of the Solar Motion
156(1)
8.1.4 Epicyclic System of the Solar Motion
157(4)
8.2 Design Process of the Solar Subsystem
161(17)
8.2.1 Type 1 Design of the Solar Subsystem
162(5)
8.2.2 Type 2 Design of the Solar Subsystem
167(4)
8.2.3 Type 3 Design of the Solar Subsystem
171(7)
8.3 Remarks
178(3)
References
178(3)
9 Reconstruction Designs of the Planetary Subsystem
181(20)
9.1 Historical Archives of the Planetary Subsystem
181(3)
9.1.1 Type 1 Design: Mechanism with One Gear Joint
182(1)
9.1.2 Type 2 Design: Mechanism with Two Gear Joints
183(1)
9.2 Design Process of the Planetary Subsystem
184(14)
9.2.1 Type 1 Design of the Planetary Subsystem
184(6)
9.2.2 Type 2 Design of the Planetary Subsystem
190(8)
9.3 Remarks
198(3)
References
200(1)
10 Reconstruction Designs of the Moon Phase Display Device
201(12)
10.1 Historical Archives of the Moon Phase Display Device
201(4)
10.1.1 Related Evidence and Available Designs
202(2)
10.1.2 Possible Driving Power Arrangements
204(1)
10.1.3 Possible Design Types
204(1)
10.2 Design Process of the Moon Phase Display Device
205(8)
10.2.1 Example 1: Ordinary Gear Trains
206(1)
10.2.2 Example 2: Epicyclic Gear Trains with 1-DOF
207(2)
10.2.3 Example 3: Epicyclic Gear Trains with 2-DOF
209(2)
References
211(2)
11 Assembly Work and Models
213(16)
11.1 Complete Interior Mechanisms
213(5)
11.1.1 Assembly Constraints of the Lost Mechanisms
214(3)
11.1.2 Assembly Work
217(1)
11.2 3D Reconstruction Model
218(11)
11.2.1 Tooth Calculation
219(4)
11.2.2 Detail Designs of Gears
223(2)
11.2.3 Space Arrangement
225(2)
11.2.4 Simulation Model
227(1)
References
227(2)
Appendix A All 48 Feasible Designs of Complete Interior Mechanisms 229(48)
Appendix B Detailed Design of Model 9 277(2)
Index 279
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