Contributors |
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xv | |
Preface |
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xvii | |
Frontispiece |
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xxiii | |
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1 Introduction to deepwater sedimentary systems |
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1 | (1) |
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Defining deepwater systems |
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2 | (1) |
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History of study of deepwater sedimentary systems |
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3 | (5) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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Moving into the 21st century |
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7 | (1) |
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Regional controls on deepwater sedimentation |
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8 | (5) |
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8 | (2) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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Summary of regional controls |
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13 | (1) |
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Challenges with terminology |
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13 | (1) |
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Basic architectural elements arid definitions |
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13 | (3) |
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13 | (2) |
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Reasoning for scale-based modeling |
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15 | (1) |
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Basic deepwater architectural elements |
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15 | (1) |
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Oil and gas exploration and development |
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16 | (5) |
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Mapping and interpreting deepwater sedimentary systems |
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21 | (8) |
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22 | (2) |
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Seismic acquisition and processing |
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24 | (3) |
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27 | (2) |
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The exploration common process |
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29 | (3) |
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Sequence stratigraphy---AAPG memoir 26 |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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The modern exploration common process |
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31 | (1) |
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Engineering principles for deepwater petroleum exploration and production |
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32 | (2) |
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Economics of deepwater exploration and production |
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34 | (5) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (11) |
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2 Source rocks and petroleum systems in deepwater plays |
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51 | (2) |
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Petroleum systems sub-element Charge: Source potential |
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53 | (4) |
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53 | (4) |
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Marine source rock diagenesis |
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57 | (1) |
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Petroleum systems sub-element Charge: Access |
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57 | (13) |
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Thermal conditions of deepwater basins |
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58 | (1) |
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Kinetics of petroleum generation |
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59 | (1) |
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Petroleum expulsion into the pore space |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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Forces and directions of migration: Fluid potential |
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60 | (1) |
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Rates of petroleum phase migration |
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61 | (1) |
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62 | (3) |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (2) |
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Primary and secondary migration styles in deepwater basins |
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68 | (2) |
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Petroleum systems sub-element Trap: Geometry |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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Defining the container edges of a trap in practice |
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71 | (1) |
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Petroleum systems sub-element Trap: Column capacity |
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71 | (3) |
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Capillary-based column capacity |
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72 | (1) |
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Capillary column capacity workflow |
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72 | (1) |
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Capillary column capacity prediction |
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73 | (1) |
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Hydrodynamic column capacity prediction |
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74 | (1) |
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Petroleum systems sub-element Reservoir: Storage |
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74 | (1) |
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Petroleum systems sub-element Reservoir: Deliverability |
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75 | (1) |
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Key messages on in-reservoir petroleum fluid processes and properties |
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76 | (3) |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (2) |
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78 | (1) |
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In-reservoir cracking (metagenesis) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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79 | (4) |
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3 Crustal structure and tectonostratigraphy of rifted-passive margins with applications for hydrocarbon exploration |
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83 | (6) |
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Definition and significance of rifted-passive margin |
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83 | (1) |
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Conceptual and numerical models for understanding the tectonic origin of rifted-passive margins |
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84 | (3) |
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Definition and significance of continent-ocean boundaries and continent-ocean transitions |
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87 | (1) |
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Definition and significance of conjugate margins |
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88 | (1) |
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Types and crustal structure of rifted passive margins |
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89 | (15) |
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Non-volcanic and volcanic conjugate margins defined and compared |
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89 | (1) |
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Orthogonally-rifted, non-volcanic and hyperextended conjugate margins |
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89 | (2) |
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Four major tectonostratigraphic megasequences on non-volcanic rifted margins and their associated unconformities |
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91 | (1) |
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Orthogonally-rifted, volcanic, conjugate margins |
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92 | (1) |
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Compilation of refraction transects from Atlantic non-volcanic and volcanic margins to illustrate margin asymmetry |
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92 | (2) |
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Relation of volcanic rifted margins to mantle plumes |
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94 | (1) |
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Comparison of regional transects of volcanic margins in the Central and South Atlantic |
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94 | (1) |
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Four-stage model for the formation of SDRs along volcanic passive margins |
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94 | (4) |
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Map showing orthogonally and obliquely-opening conjugate rifted margins of the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico |
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98 | (1) |
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Cross-sectional differences between transform and orthogonal rifted's margins |
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99 | (1) |
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Key messages on the effects of preexisting crustal structure on rifting |
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99 | (3) |
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Tectonic significance of the marginal rift |
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102 | (2) |
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Tectonic origin of major salt basins |
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104 | (1) |
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Applications of knowledge of crustal structure and tectonostratigraphy of rifted-passive margins to hydrocarbon exploration |
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104 | (5) |
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Why do rifted-passive margins account for two-thirds of all giant oil and gas fields? |
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104 | (3) |
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How do hydrocarbon traps differ between orthogonal rifts and oblique rifts? |
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107 | (1) |
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Are non-volcanic rifted margins more hydrocarbon-rich than volcanic margins? |
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107 | (1) |
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Are "look-alike" hydrocarbon basins on conjugate margins the rule or the exception? |
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107 | (1) |
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How does the crustal structure of the Santos basin control its rift and rift sag-based, presalt reservoirs? |
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108 | (1) |
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How does the crustal structure of the Guyana margin control is passive-margin based sources, reservoirs and seals? |
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108 | (1) |
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Does the continent-ocean boundary serve as an outer limit for deepwater exploration as the result of reduced heat flow in oceanic crust? |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (9) |
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4 Deepwater passive margin foldbelts |
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119 | (3) |
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What is a passive margin foldbelt? |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (3) |
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Previous studies of passive margin foldbelts: Main findings and implications |
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122 | (1) |
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Examples of passive margin foldbelts in the Gulf of Mexico |
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123 | (6) |
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Regional setting of passive margin foldbelts in the Gulf of Mexico |
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123 | (1) |
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Atwater-Mississippi fan passive margin foldbelt |
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124 | (1) |
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Perdido passive margin foldbelt |
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125 | (1) |
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Mexican Ridges passive margin foldbelt |
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126 | (2) |
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Campeche passive margin foldbelt |
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128 | (1) |
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Examples of passive margin foldbelts on the Atlantic margin of South America |
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129 | (6) |
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Regional setting of passive margin foldbelts along South America |
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129 | (1) |
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Foz do Amazonas passive margin foldbelt |
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129 | (2) |
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Para-Maranhao passive margin foldbelt |
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131 | (1) |
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Barreirinhas passive margin'foldbelt |
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132 | (2) |
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Pelotas passive margin foldbelt |
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134 | (1) |
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Examples of passive margin foldbelts along West Africa |
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135 | (4) |
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Regional setting of passive margin foldbelts along West Africa |
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135 | (1) |
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Niger passive margin foldbelt |
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136 | (1) |
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Kwanza passive margin foldbelt |
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137 | (1) |
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Orange River passive margin foldbelt |
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138 | (1) |
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Examples of passive margin foldbelts along East Africa |
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139 | (1) |
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Regional setting of passive margin foldbelts along East Africa |
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139 | (2) |
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Lamu passive margin foldbelt |
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139 | (1) |
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Rovuma passive margin foldbelt |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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Settings of passive margin foldbelts |
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141 | (2) |
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Controlling factors for the formation of passive margin foldbelts |
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142 | (1) |
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Salt- vs shale-based detachments |
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142 | (1) |
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Structural differences: Variations in updip extension and downdip compression |
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143 | (1) |
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Passive margin foldbelts compared within the framework of critical taper wedge theory |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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Conclusion: Areas of future work for passive margin foldbelts |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (4) |
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5 Salt tectonics in deepwater settings |
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149 | (1) |
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Controls on salt deposition in deepwater |
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149 | (4) |
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Structural elements of deepwater salt systems |
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153 | (19) |
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153 | (3) |
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Salt stocks and salt walls |
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156 | (2) |
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158 | (2) |
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160 | (2) |
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162 | (4) |
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Salt-evacuation geometries |
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166 | (6) |
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Key messages on the regional geology of deepwater salt systems |
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172 | (4) |
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Formation and propagation of deepwater compressional systems |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (2) |
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Canopy development and partitioning of translation between detachments |
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175 | (1) |
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Zonation of deepwater salt structures |
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175 | (1) |
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Conclusions and future directions |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (3) |
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6 Deepwater sedimentary processes |
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F. Javier Hernandez-Molina |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (8) |
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Hemipelagic and pelagic sedimentation |
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180 | (2) |
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Introduction to mass movements |
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182 | (3) |
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185 | (2) |
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Sediment gravity flow classification |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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Using processes to predict deposits |
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188 | (5) |
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189 | (1) |
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Flow transformation related to hybrid events |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (2) |
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Flow stratification and resulting rock properties |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (3) |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (2) |
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Flow steadiness and uniformity |
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195 | (1) |
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Newtonian vs plastic fluids |
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195 | (1) |
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Linking process to deposit |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (2) |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (4) |
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7 Deepwater sedimentation units |
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F. Javier Hernandez-Molina |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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Turbidity current deposits |
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204 | (7) |
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Low-density turbidity current deposits---"classic fine-grained turbidites" |
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209 | (1) |
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High-density turbidity current deposits---"coarse-grained to gravelly turbidites" |
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210 | (1) |
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Very low-density turbidity current deposits---"Fine-grained turbidites" |
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211 | (1) |
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Shallow-marine influenced turbidites |
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211 | (2) |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (2) |
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213 | (1) |
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Hybrid event beds, slurry beds and transitional flow deposits |
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213 | (7) |
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214 | (1) |
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Linked debrites and hybrid event beds "sensu stricto" |
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215 | (1) |
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Argillaceous sand beds and transitional flow deposits |
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216 | (1) |
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Hybrid event beds facies tracts and distribution across deepwater depositional systems |
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217 | (3) |
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220 | (1) |
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220 | (2) |
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Matrix-supported debris flow deposits |
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220 | (1) |
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Clast-supported debris flows |
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221 | (1) |
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Summary of transitional flows and debris flows |
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222 | (1) |
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Bottom current influenced turbidites, contourites and reworked beds |
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222 | (2) |
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Contourites and reworked deposits |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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Fine-grained reworked deposits |
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222 | (2) |
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Medium-grained to gravelly reworked deposits |
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224 | (1) |
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Pelagic and hemipelagic deposits |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (5) |
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Summary of deepwater deposits |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (11) |
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236 | (1) |
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Very thick-bedded sandstone |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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Medium-bedded sandstone and mudstone |
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237 | (1) |
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Thin-bedded sandstone and mudstone |
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237 | (1) |
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Very thin-bedded sandstone and mudstone |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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Summary of downslope variation |
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238 | (2) |
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240 | (1) |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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242 | (9) |
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8 Deepwater depositional environments |
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251 | (1) |
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Deepwater systems by tectonic setting |
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252 | (2) |
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254 | (2) |
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Shelf systems: Supply to deepwater environments |
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256 | (2) |
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Deepwater depositional environments |
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258 | (18) |
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259 | (5) |
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264 | (4) |
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268 | (2) |
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270 | (5) |
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275 | (1) |
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Contourite and mixed systems |
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276 | (6) |
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Additional considerations |
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278 | (1) |
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278 | (2) |
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Differentiating deepwater deposits |
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280 | (1) |
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Reservoir connectivity and compartmentalization |
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281 | (1) |
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Pitfalls leading to depositional environment misinterpretation |
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281 | (1) |
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Advances in modeling depositional environments |
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282 | (5) |
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Process-based modeling of deepwater sedimentary systems |
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283 | (2) |
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Goals and use of process-based modeling |
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285 | (2) |
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287 | (2) |
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289 | (1) |
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How are deltas different from submarine fans? |
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290 | (1) |
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290 | (1) |
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291 | (10) |
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9 Contourites and mixed depositional systems: A paradigm for deepwater sedimentary environments |
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F. Javier Hernandez-Molina |
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Francisco J. Rodriguez-Tovar |
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301 | (1) |
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Along-slope oceanographic processes |
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302 | (8) |
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Water masses versus ocean currents |
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302 | (1) |
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Oceanic currents and associate secondary processes |
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303 | (5) |
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Present-day versus ancient global oceanographic circulation models |
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308 | (2) |
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Identification and characterization of contourite depositional systems in the seismic record: Morphological elements and associated seismic facies |
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310 | (3) |
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Mixed (turbidite-contourite) depositional systems: Their recognition in the seismic record |
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313 | (4) |
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Deposits and sedimentary facies model |
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317 | (8) |
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Contouritic sedimentary facies: Diagnostic criteria and classifications |
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317 | (3) |
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Sandy contourites and bottom-current reworked sands |
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320 | (4) |
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Facies model and facies associations: Integrating modern systems and ancient record systems |
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324 | (1) |
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Identifying contourites and mixed systems along active continental margins and within active tectonic settings |
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325 | (3) |
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328 | (1) |
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General margin configuration |
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328 | (1) |
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328 | (1) |
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Pronounced density contrasts (pycnoclines) |
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328 | (1) |
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329 | (1) |
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329 | (15) |
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329 | (2) |
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(b) Accommodation concepts for deepwater basins |
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331 | (1) |
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(c) Paleoclimatology and paleoceanography |
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332 | (1) |
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(d) Links between oceanographic and sedimentary processes |
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332 | (1) |
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332 | (4) |
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(f) Environmental integrity |
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336 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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338 | (5) |
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343 | (1) |
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344 | (1) |
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Conclusions and final considerations |
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345 | (1) |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (15) |
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10 Mass transport processes, injectites and styles of sediment remobilization |
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361 | (2) |
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363 | (1) |
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363 | (1) |
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Outcropping mass transport deposits in SE Crete (Eastern Mediterranean) |
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363 | (1) |
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Outcropping mass transport deposits in the Taranaki Basin (New Zealand) |
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363 | (1) |
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Outcrop examples from Parana Basin (S Brazil) |
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364 | (1) |
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Classifying sediment remobilization using seismic and outcrop data |
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364 | (3) |
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Sediment remobilization as an overarching physical process |
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367 | (1) |
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Sediment remobilization as a geohazard in submarine environments |
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368 | (1) |
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Sediment remobilization due to fluid flow and subsurface overpressure |
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368 | (7) |
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Economic and societal relevance of sediment-remobilization processes |
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375 | (1) |
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Key messages: Outcrop examples from Crete, New Zealand and Parana |
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376 | (18) |
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Fault-bounded slopes in SE Crete |
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376 | (4) |
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The Rapanui MTD outcrop, Miocene Mount Messenger Formation, Taranaki Basin (New Zealand) |
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380 | (6) |
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Outcrop analogs from the Harare group, Parana Basin (Southern Brazil) |
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386 | (8) |
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Sand injections in outcropping MTDs |
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394 | (1) |
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394 | (1) |
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395 | (1) |
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396 | (11) |
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11 Source-to-sink analysis of deepwater systems: Principles, applications and case studies |
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407 | (1) |
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What is source-to-sink analysis? |
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407 | (7) |
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Anatomy of a source-to-sink system |
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408 | (2) |
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410 | (3) |
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Project framing considerations |
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413 | (1) |
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Fundamental techniques, tools and data |
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414 | (9) |
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Source-to-sink project scaling and sample collection methods |
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414 | (1) |
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Common analytical techniques |
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415 | (8) |
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Building, testing and calibrating S2S models |
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423 | (9) |
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From the source to the shore |
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423 | (9) |
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Key messages on case studies and practical applications |
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432 | (4) |
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433 | (1) |
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S2S for frontier exploration and play extension |
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434 | (2) |
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436 | (1) |
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436 | (1) |
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437 | (1) |
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437 | (6) |
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12 Sequence stratigraphy of deepwater systems |
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443 | (5) |
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Controls on stratigraphic cyclicity |
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448 | (3) |
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Stratigraphic versus sedimentological cycles |
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451 | (1) |
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Sequence stratigraphic framework |
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451 | (6) |
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Sequences in fine-grained successions |
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457 | (5) |
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457 | (4) |
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461 | (1) |
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Stratigraphic scales in the deepwater setting |
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462 | (1) |
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Discussion and key messages |
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463 | (2) |
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465 | (1) |
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466 | (1) |
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466 | (5) |
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13 Reservoir quality and diagenesis of deepwater sandstones |
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471 | (1) |
|
Characterizing sandstone reservoir quality |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
Depositional texture and composition |
|
|
472 | (3) |
|
|
475 | (12) |
|
|
478 | (8) |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
Cementation, replacement and dissolution |
|
|
487 | (11) |
|
|
488 | (6) |
|
|
494 | (3) |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
Assessing reservoir quality risk factors |
|
|
498 | (3) |
|
|
501 | (4) |
|
Sensitivity to framework grain composition |
|
|
501 | (3) |
|
Sensitivity to depositional environment |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
|
505 | (3) |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
|
509 | (6) |
|
14 Applied paleontology in exploration and development |
|
|
|
|
|
|
515 | (2) |
|
Logistics and methodologies |
|
|
517 | (3) |
|
|
520 | (4) |
|
Chronostratigraphy and geochronology |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
Biostratigraphic sequences |
|
|
525 | (2) |
|
Applications for deepwater exploration |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
Deepwater ecology and depositional setting |
|
|
528 | (2) |
|
Applications for deepwater reservoir development |
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
Key messages on mud in the reservoir model |
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
Conclusions and future outlook |
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
|
531 | (2) |
|
15 Deepwater ichnology: New observations on contourites |
|
|
|
Francisco J. Rodrfguez-Tovar |
|
|
|
|
Introduction: Deepwater ichnology |
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
Contourites and ichnology: Significant recent advances |
|
|
534 | (2) |
|
Trace fossil assemblages in contourites |
|
|
536 | (6) |
|
Archetypal ichnofacies in contourites: A complex relationship |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
Paleoenvironmental conditions during bottom currents: The role of energy in the tracemaker community |
|
|
542 | (2) |
|
Modern examples: A bridge to interpret the ancient contourite record |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
New techniques to advance in the ichnological analysis of contourites |
|
|
545 | (2) |
|
Bioturbation and petrophysical properties in contourites: Economic interest |
|
|
547 | (2) |
|
The role of Macaronichnus: Ichnological digital image analysis package and impregnated thin sections |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
Clastic- vs calcareous-dominated contourites: X-ray micro-CT analysis |
|
|
548 | (1) |
|
Trace fossils and interparticle/intraparticle porosity: Mercury intrusion porosimetry |
|
|
548 | (1) |
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
|
550 | (5) |
|
16 Imaging and interpretation: Seismic, rock physics and image log analysis workflows for deepwater systems |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
Seismic interpretation of deepwater depositional system on the North Slope, Alaska, USA |
|
|
556 | (8) |
|
|
556 | (1) |
|
|
556 | (3) |
|
Case study: North Slope, Alaska, USA |
|
|
559 | (5) |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
Quantitative interpretation of a North Sea turbidite system using rock physics |
|
|
564 | (12) |
|
Brief background and workflow |
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
Data collection and geologic constraints |
|
|
566 | (2) |
|
|
568 | (2) |
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
AVO feasibility modeling and scenario testing |
|
|
571 | (4) |
|
Model-driven quantitative seismic interpretation |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
Role of dipmeters and imaging devices in evaluating deepwater sedimentary intervals |
|
|
576 | (12) |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
Applications of borehole imaging (BHIs) |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
The usefulness of "3D to 2D" presentations in interpreting BHI, core and outcrop |
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
Historical perspectives, acquisition and presentation of dipmeters (including BHIs) |
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
Borehole imaging examples from DWSs |
|
|
578 | (9) |
|
|
587 | (1) |
|
Additional resource material for utilizing legacy dipmeters and BHIs |
|
|
587 | (1) |
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
|
589 | (1) |
|
|
589 | (4) |
|
17 Seismic rock physics and machine learning for deepwater stratigraphic intervals |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
The rock physics link between geology and geophysics |
|
|
594 | (9) |
|
Effect of clay in reservoir sandstones |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
Rock physics modeling and diagnostics: Maby Slope, North Sea |
|
|
595 | (4) |
|
Rock physics modeling and diagnostics: Alvheim Field, North Sea |
|
|
599 | (4) |
|
Seismic lithofacies in deepwater clastic systems |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
Rock physics templates for quantitative interpretation of deepwater clastic systems |
|
|
604 | (4) |
|
Rock physics templates and AVO analysis: Maloy Slope, North Sea |
|
|
604 | (2) |
|
Rock physics templates and AVO analysis: Alvheim Field, North Sea |
|
|
606 | (2) |
|
Statistical rock physics and machine-learning for quantitative seismic interpretation |
|
|
608 | (4) |
|
Overview of some machine learning algorithms |
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
Deep learning model architectures |
|
|
609 | (2) |
|
Training deep learning models |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
Machine learning for deepwater reservoirs: Opportunities and challenges |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
Deep learning facies classification: Nile Delta case study |
|
|
612 | (5) |
|
Creation of training dataset for machine learning |
|
|
613 | (3) |
|
Facies classification with CNNs |
|
|
616 | (1) |
|
|
617 | (2) |
|
|
619 | (2) |
|
|
621 | (1) |
|
|
621 | (3) |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
18 Integrating forward stratigraphic modeling with basin and petroleum system modeling |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
History of forward stratigraphic modeling and basin and petroleum system modeling |
|
|
626 | (2) |
|
Forward stratigraphic and basin and petroleum system modeling |
|
|
628 | (29) |
|
Forward stratigraphic modeling |
|
|
628 | (9) |
|
Basin and petroleum system modeling |
|
|
637 | (20) |
|
Integrating basin modeling and forward stratigraphic modeling |
|
|
657 | (9) |
|
Case study 1 Ordos Basin, China |
|
|
659 | (4) |
|
Case study 2 Colville Basin (Alaska North Slope, USA) |
|
|
663 | (3) |
|
Key messages on the future of coupled forward stratigraphic and basin and petroleum system models |
|
|
666 | (2) |
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
|
668 | (5) |
|
19 Technical (engineering) advancements enabling deepwater exploration and production |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
673 | (3) |
|
Case study 1 High rate/high ultimate wells |
|
|
676 | (6) |
|
|
680 | (1) |
|
Production tubing design and long-term well integrity |
|
|
681 | (1) |
|
Case study 2 Deepwater Gulf of Mexico structures and infrastructure planning |
|
|
682 | (4) |
|
Case study 3 Flow assurance, pipelines, flowlines and risers |
|
|
686 | (2) |
|
Case study 4 "Doing More with Less" stepping into the data and information age |
|
|
688 | (3) |
|
Continuously evolving and emerging technology |
|
|
691 | (1) |
|
|
691 | (1) |
|
|
691 | (1) |
|
|
692 | (1) |
|
20 Economic considerations and market condition effects in deepwater |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
Overview---Key economic drivers, market conditions, risk vs reward |
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
|
694 | (9) |
|
|
694 | (1) |
|
|
695 | (1) |
|
|
696 | (2) |
|
|
698 | (1) |
|
|
699 | (1) |
|
|
699 | (4) |
|
|
703 | (4) |
|
Economic analysis fundamentals |
|
|
703 | (1) |
|
Product prices are market-determined |
|
|
704 | (2) |
|
Operating costs support the continuing production operation |
|
|
706 | (1) |
|
Investments cause the project to begin (and continue) |
|
|
706 | (1) |
|
|
707 | (2) |
|
Deciding to drill the wildcat |
|
|
708 | (1) |
|
Project chance of success: Exploration risk mitigation |
|
|
708 | (1) |
|
Prospect maturation and associated costs |
|
|
709 | (11) |
|
Drilling technology and associated costs |
|
|
710 | (1) |
|
|
710 | (1) |
|
The final investment decision: Development |
|
|
711 | (1) |
|
Well spacing and field layout |
|
|
711 | (1) |
|
|
712 | (1) |
|
Surface platform and facility |
|
|
713 | (1) |
|
Finally, payment for the rights |
|
|
713 | (3) |
|
Case study: Different regimes |
|
|
716 | (4) |
|
The political and regulatory environment |
|
|
720 | (1) |
|
|
720 | (1) |
|
|
721 | (1) |
|
Appendix: Supplementary material |
|
|
721 | (1) |
|
|
721 | (1) |
|
|
721 | (1) |
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
21 Deepwater sedimentary systems: The next 100 years of deepwater |
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Javier Hernandez-Molina |
|
|
Introduction and objectives |
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
|
723 | (2) |
|
A new frontier: Ocean research and understanding of deepwater geologic processes |
|
|
723 | (2) |
|
Future resource scenarios |
|
|
725 | (2) |
|
Energy resources: Oil and gas, renewables and the impact on deepwater |
|
|
725 | (2) |
|
Vision for future deepwater and the impact of marine geological processes |
|
|
727 | (19) |
|
|
746 | (1) |
|
|
746 | (4) |
|
Considerations for future applications and geoscience research based on the framework provided by this volume |
|
|
746 | (4) |
|
Potential glossary contributions |
|
|
750 | (1) |
|
|
750 | (1) |
|
|
750 | (5) |
Glossary |
|
755 | (18) |
Index |
|
773 | |