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Deepwater Sedimentary Systems: Science, Discovery, and Applications [Mīkstie vāki]

Edited by (Board of Directors, Denbury Inc., Texas, USA;
Board of Directors, Center for Houston's Future, Texas, USA;
Board Chair, Offshore Technology Conference, Texas, USA-), Edited by , Edited by , Edited by (Basin Dynamics, LLC, and University of Houston Houston, TX, USA), Edited by
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 806 pages, height x width: 276x216 mm, weight: 2150 g, 400 illustrations (200 in full color); Illustrations
  • Izdošanas datums: 17-Aug-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier - Health Sciences Division
  • ISBN-10: 0323919189
  • ISBN-13: 9780323919180
  • Mīkstie vāki
  • Cena: 178,26 €
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  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 806 pages, height x width: 276x216 mm, weight: 2150 g, 400 illustrations (200 in full color); Illustrations
  • Izdošanas datums: 17-Aug-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier - Health Sciences Division
  • ISBN-10: 0323919189
  • ISBN-13: 9780323919180

Deepwater Sedimentary Systems: Science, Discovery and Applications helps readers identify, understand and interpret deepwater sedimentary systems at various scales – both onshore and offshore. This book describes the best practices in the integration of geology, geophysics, engineering, technology and economics used to inform smart business decisions in these diverse environments. It draws on technical results gained from deepwater exploration and production drilling campaigns and global field analog studies. With the multi-decadal resilience of deepwater exploration and production and the nature of its inherent uncertainty, this book serves as the essential reference for companies, consultancies, universities, governments and deepwater practitioners around the world seeking to understand deepwater systems and how to explore for and produce resources in these frontier environments.

From an academic perspective, readers will use this book as the primer for understanding the processes, deposits and sedimentary environments in deep water – from deep oceans to deep lakes. This book provides conceptual approaches and state-of-the-art information on deepwater systems, as well as scenarios for the next 100 years of human-led exploration and development in deepwater, offshore environments. The students taught this material in today’s classrooms will become the leaders of tomorrow in Earth’s deepwater frontier.

This book provides a broad foundation in deepwater sedimentary systems. What may take an individual dozens of academic and professional courses to achieve an understanding in these systems is provided here in one book.

  • Presents a holistic view of how subsurface and engineering processes work together in the energy industry, bringing together contributions from the various technical and engineering disciplines
  • Provides diverse perspectives from a global authorship to create an accurate picture of the process of deepwater exploration and production around the world
  • Helps readers understand how to interpret deepwater systems at various scales to inform smart business decisions, with a significant portion of the workflows derived from the upstream energy industry
Contributors xv
Preface xvii
Frontispiece xxiii
1 Introduction to deepwater sedimentary systems
Jon R. Rotzien
Diane Woodruff
Derek D. Adams
Yuqian Gan
Jon Minken
Introduction
1(1)
Defining deepwater systems
2(1)
History of study of deepwater sedimentary systems
3(5)
Early days
3(1)
Early 20th century
4(1)
1970s
5(1)
1980s
6(1)
1990s
6(1)
Moving into the 21st century
7(1)
Regional controls on deepwater sedimentation
8(5)
Tectonics and subsidence
8(2)
Sea level
10(1)
Sediment supply
11(1)
Substrate controls
12(1)
Summary of regional controls
13(1)
Challenges with terminology
13(1)
Basic architectural elements arid definitions
13(3)
Scaling concepts
13(2)
Reasoning for scale-based modeling
15(1)
Basic deepwater architectural elements
15(1)
Oil and gas exploration and development
16(5)
Mapping and interpreting deepwater sedimentary systems
21(8)
Seismic data
22(2)
Seismic acquisition and processing
24(3)
Well logs
27(2)
The exploration common process
29(3)
Sequence stratigraphy---AAPG memoir 26
29(1)
Megasequence mapping
30(1)
The modern exploration common process
31(1)
Engineering principles for deepwater petroleum exploration and production
32(2)
Economics of deepwater exploration and production
34(5)
Key messages
39(1)
Conclusions
39(1)
Acknowledgments
40(1)
References
40(11)
2 Source rocks and petroleum systems in deepwater plays
Benjamin Kirkland
Andrew Pepper
Introduction
51(2)
Petroleum systems sub-element Charge: Source potential
53(4)
Source rock deposition
53(4)
Marine source rock diagenesis
57(1)
Petroleum systems sub-element Charge: Access
57(13)
Thermal conditions of deepwater basins
58(1)
Kinetics of petroleum generation
59(1)
Petroleum expulsion into the pore space
59(1)
Petroleum fluid phase
59(1)
Forces and directions of migration: Fluid potential
60(1)
Rates of petroleum phase migration
61(1)
Pore pressure
62(3)
Buoyancy force
65(1)
Capillary Entry Pressure
65(1)
Primary migration
66(1)
Secondary migration
66(2)
Primary and secondary migration styles in deepwater basins
68(2)
Petroleum systems sub-element Trap: Geometry
70(1)
Structural traps
70(1)
Stratigraphic traps
71(1)
Combination traps
71(1)
Defining the container edges of a trap in practice
71(1)
Petroleum systems sub-element Trap: Column capacity
71(3)
Capillary-based column capacity
72(1)
Capillary column capacity workflow
72(1)
Capillary column capacity prediction
73(1)
Hydrodynamic column capacity prediction
74(1)
Petroleum systems sub-element Reservoir: Storage
74(1)
Petroleum systems sub-element Reservoir: Deliverability
75(1)
Key messages on in-reservoir petroleum fluid processes and properties
76(3)
Petroleum mixing
76(1)
Biodegradation
76(2)
Fractionation
78(1)
In-reservoir cracking (metagenesis)
78(1)
Conclusion
79(1)
Acknowledgments
79(1)
References
79(4)
3 Crustal structure and tectonostratigraphy of rifted-passive margins with applications for hydrocarbon exploration
Paul Mann
Introduction
83(6)
Definition and significance of rifted-passive margin
83(1)
Conceptual and numerical models for understanding the tectonic origin of rifted-passive margins
84(3)
Definition and significance of continent-ocean boundaries and continent-ocean transitions
87(1)
Definition and significance of conjugate margins
88(1)
Types and crustal structure of rifted passive margins
89(15)
Non-volcanic and volcanic conjugate margins defined and compared
89(1)
Orthogonally-rifted, non-volcanic and hyperextended conjugate margins
89(2)
Four major tectonostratigraphic megasequences on non-volcanic rifted margins and their associated unconformities
91(1)
Orthogonally-rifted, volcanic, conjugate margins
92(1)
Compilation of refraction transects from Atlantic non-volcanic and volcanic margins to illustrate margin asymmetry
92(2)
Relation of volcanic rifted margins to mantle plumes
94(1)
Comparison of regional transects of volcanic margins in the Central and South Atlantic
94(1)
Four-stage model for the formation of SDRs along volcanic passive margins
94(4)
Map showing orthogonally and obliquely-opening conjugate rifted margins of the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico
98(1)
Cross-sectional differences between transform and orthogonal rifted's margins
99(1)
Key messages on the effects of preexisting crustal structure on rifting
99(3)
Tectonic significance of the marginal rift
102(2)
Tectonic origin of major salt basins
104(1)
Applications of knowledge of crustal structure and tectonostratigraphy of rifted-passive margins to hydrocarbon exploration
104(5)
Why do rifted-passive margins account for two-thirds of all giant oil and gas fields?
104(3)
How do hydrocarbon traps differ between orthogonal rifts and oblique rifts?
107(1)
Are non-volcanic rifted margins more hydrocarbon-rich than volcanic margins?
107(1)
Are "look-alike" hydrocarbon basins on conjugate margins the rule or the exception?
107(1)
How does the crustal structure of the Santos basin control its rift and rift sag-based, presalt reservoirs?
108(1)
How does the crustal structure of the Guyana margin control is passive-margin based sources, reservoirs and seals?
108(1)
Does the continent-ocean boundary serve as an outer limit for deepwater exploration as the result of reduced heat flow in oceanic crust?
108(1)
Conclusions
109(1)
Acknowledgments
110(1)
References
110(9)
4 Deepwater passive margin foldbelts
Md Nahidul Hasan
Paul Mann
Introduction
119(3)
What is a passive margin foldbelt?
119(1)
Objectives
119(3)
Previous studies of passive margin foldbelts: Main findings and implications
122(1)
Examples of passive margin foldbelts in the Gulf of Mexico
123(6)
Regional setting of passive margin foldbelts in the Gulf of Mexico
123(1)
Atwater-Mississippi fan passive margin foldbelt
124(1)
Perdido passive margin foldbelt
125(1)
Mexican Ridges passive margin foldbelt
126(2)
Campeche passive margin foldbelt
128(1)
Examples of passive margin foldbelts on the Atlantic margin of South America
129(6)
Regional setting of passive margin foldbelts along South America
129(1)
Foz do Amazonas passive margin foldbelt
129(2)
Para-Maranhao passive margin foldbelt
131(1)
Barreirinhas passive margin'foldbelt
132(2)
Pelotas passive margin foldbelt
134(1)
Examples of passive margin foldbelts along West Africa
135(4)
Regional setting of passive margin foldbelts along West Africa
135(1)
Niger passive margin foldbelt
136(1)
Kwanza passive margin foldbelt
137(1)
Orange River passive margin foldbelt
138(1)
Examples of passive margin foldbelts along East Africa
139(1)
Regional setting of passive margin foldbelts along East Africa
139(2)
Lamu passive margin foldbelt
139(1)
Rovuma passive margin foldbelt
140(1)
Discussion
141(1)
Settings of passive margin foldbelts
141(2)
Controlling factors for the formation of passive margin foldbelts
142(1)
Salt- vs shale-based detachments
142(1)
Structural differences: Variations in updip extension and downdip compression
143(1)
Passive margin foldbelts compared within the framework of critical taper wedge theory
143(1)
Key messages
143(1)
Conclusion: Areas of future work for passive margin foldbelts
144(1)
Acknowledgments
145(1)
References
145(4)
5 Salt tectonics in deepwater settings
Michael R. Hudec
Martin P.A. Jackson
Introduction
149(1)
Controls on salt deposition in deepwater
149(4)
Structural elements of deepwater salt systems
153(19)
Compressional folds
153(3)
Salt stocks and salt walls
156(2)
Squeezed diapirs
158(2)
Salt sheets
160(2)
Canopies and sutures
162(4)
Salt-evacuation geometries
166(6)
Key messages on the regional geology of deepwater salt systems
172(4)
Formation and propagation of deepwater compressional systems
173(1)
Timing of shortening
173(2)
Canopy development and partitioning of translation between detachments
175(1)
Zonation of deepwater salt structures
175(1)
Conclusions and future directions
176(1)
References
176(3)
6 Deepwater sedimentary processes
Jon R. Rotzien
F. Javier Hernandez-Molina
Marco Fonnesu
Antoine Thieblemont
Introduction
179(1)
Sedimentary processes
180(8)
Hemipelagic and pelagic sedimentation
180(2)
Introduction to mass movements
182(3)
Sediment gravity flows
185(2)
Sediment gravity flow classification
187(1)
Bottom current processes
188(1)
Using processes to predict deposits
188(5)
Facies tracts
189(1)
Flow transformation related to hybrid events
190(1)
Examples of rock types
191(2)
Flow stratification and resulting rock properties
193(1)
Sedimentation mechanics
193(3)
Reynolds number
193(1)
Froude number
193(2)
Flow steadiness and uniformity
195(1)
Newtonian vs plastic fluids
195(1)
Linking process to deposit
196(1)
Key messages
197(2)
Conclusions
199(1)
Acknowledgments
199(1)
References
199(4)
7 Deepwater sedimentation units
Jon R. Rotzien
F. Javier Hernandez-Molina
Marco Fonnesu
Antoine Thieblemont
Introduction
203(1)
Sedimentation units
204(1)
Turbidity current deposits
204(7)
Low-density turbidity current deposits---"classic fine-grained turbidites"
209(1)
High-density turbidity current deposits---"coarse-grained to gravelly turbidites"
210(1)
Very low-density turbidity current deposits---"Fine-grained turbidites"
211(1)
Shallow-marine influenced turbidites
211(2)
Wave processes
211(1)
River-fed turbidites
211(2)
Tidal processes
213(1)
Hybrid event beds, slurry beds and transitional flow deposits
213(7)
Slurry-flow deposits
214(1)
Linked debrites and hybrid event beds "sensu stricto"
215(1)
Argillaceous sand beds and transitional flow deposits
216(1)
Hybrid event beds facies tracts and distribution across deepwater depositional systems
217(3)
Summary
220(1)
Debris flow deposits
220(2)
Matrix-supported debris flow deposits
220(1)
Clast-supported debris flows
221(1)
Summary of transitional flows and debris flows
222(1)
Bottom current influenced turbidites, contourites and reworked beds
222(2)
Contourites and reworked deposits
222(1)
Classic contourites
222(1)
Fine-grained reworked deposits
222(2)
Medium-grained to gravelly reworked deposits
224(1)
Pelagic and hemipelagic deposits
224(1)
Mass transport deposits
224(5)
Summary of deepwater deposits
229(1)
Nomenclature
229(1)
Lithofacies
229(11)
Conglomerate
236(1)
Very thick-bedded sandstone
236(1)
Thick-bedded sandstone
236(1)
Medium-bedded sandstone and mudstone
237(1)
Thin-bedded sandstone and mudstone
237(1)
Very thin-bedded sandstone and mudstone
237(1)
Muddy sandstone
237(1)
Mudstone
237(1)
Chaotic deposits
238(1)
Summary of downslope variation
238(2)
Key messages
240(1)
Conclusions
241(1)
Acknowledgments
242(1)
References
242(9)
8 Deepwater depositional environments
Jon R. Rotzien
Rebecca L. Caldwell
Lisa R. Goggin
Introduction
251(1)
Deepwater systems by tectonic setting
252(2)
Slope profiles
254(2)
Shelf systems: Supply to deepwater environments
256(2)
Deepwater depositional environments
258(18)
Canyons
259(5)
Channels
264(4)
Levees
268(2)
Splays (lobes)
270(5)
Overbank
275(1)
Contourite and mixed systems
276(6)
Additional considerations
278(1)
Grain-size distribution
278(2)
Differentiating deepwater deposits
280(1)
Reservoir connectivity and compartmentalization
281(1)
Pitfalls leading to depositional environment misinterpretation
281(1)
Advances in modeling depositional environments
282(5)
Process-based modeling of deepwater sedimentary systems
283(2)
Goals and use of process-based modeling
285(2)
Key messages
287(2)
Conclusions
289(1)
How are deltas different from submarine fans?
290(1)
Acknowledgments
290(1)
References
291(10)
9 Contourites and mixed depositional systems: A paradigm for deepwater sedimentary environments
F. Javier Hernandez-Molina
Sandra de Castro
Wouter de Weger
Debora Duarte
Marco Fonnesu
Tatiana Glazkova
Adam Kirby
Estefania Llave
Zhi Lin Ng
Oswaldo Mantilla Munoz
Sara Rodrigues
Francisco J. Rodriguez-Tovar
Antoine Thieblemont
Adriano R. Viana
Shaoru Yin
Introduction
301(1)
Along-slope oceanographic processes
302(8)
Water masses versus ocean currents
302(1)
Oceanic currents and associate secondary processes
303(5)
Present-day versus ancient global oceanographic circulation models
308(2)
Identification and characterization of contourite depositional systems in the seismic record: Morphological elements and associated seismic facies
310(3)
Mixed (turbidite-contourite) depositional systems: Their recognition in the seismic record
313(4)
Deposits and sedimentary facies model
317(8)
Contouritic sedimentary facies: Diagnostic criteria and classifications
317(3)
Sandy contourites and bottom-current reworked sands
320(4)
Facies model and facies associations: Integrating modern systems and ancient record systems
324(1)
Identifying contourites and mixed systems along active continental margins and within active tectonic settings
325(3)
Control factors
328(1)
General margin configuration
328(1)
Sediment supply
328(1)
Pronounced density contrasts (pycnoclines)
328(1)
Eustatic changes
329(1)
Implications
329(15)
(a) Basin analysis
329(2)
(b) Accommodation concepts for deepwater basins
331(1)
(c) Paleoclimatology and paleoceanography
332(1)
(d) Links between oceanographic and sedimentary processes
332(1)
(e) Geohazards
332(4)
(f) Environmental integrity
336(1)
(g) Ocean policy
337(1)
(h) Energy geosciences
338(5)
(i) Mineral resources
343(1)
Key messages
344(1)
Conclusions and final considerations
345(1)
Acknowledgments
345(1)
References
346(15)
10 Mass transport processes, injectites and styles of sediment remobilization
T.M. Alves
S. Cardona
M.C.N.L. Rodrigues
Introduction
361(2)
Data and methods
363(1)
Seismic interpretation
363(1)
Outcropping mass transport deposits in SE Crete (Eastern Mediterranean)
363(1)
Outcropping mass transport deposits in the Taranaki Basin (New Zealand)
363(1)
Outcrop examples from Parana Basin (S Brazil)
364(1)
Classifying sediment remobilization using seismic and outcrop data
364(3)
Sediment remobilization as an overarching physical process
367(1)
Sediment remobilization as a geohazard in submarine environments
368(1)
Sediment remobilization due to fluid flow and subsurface overpressure
368(7)
Economic and societal relevance of sediment-remobilization processes
375(1)
Key messages: Outcrop examples from Crete, New Zealand and Parana
376(18)
Fault-bounded slopes in SE Crete
376(4)
The Rapanui MTD outcrop, Miocene Mount Messenger Formation, Taranaki Basin (New Zealand)
380(6)
Outcrop analogs from the Harare group, Parana Basin (Southern Brazil)
386(8)
Sand injections in outcropping MTDs
394(1)
Concluding remarks
394(1)
Acknowledgments
395(1)
References
396(11)
11 Source-to-sink analysis of deepwater systems: Principles, applications and case studies
E. Szymanski
L. Fielding
L. Davies
Introduction
407(1)
What is source-to-sink analysis?
407(7)
Anatomy of a source-to-sink system
408(2)
Timescales and toolboxes
410(3)
Project framing considerations
413(1)
Fundamental techniques, tools and data
414(9)
Source-to-sink project scaling and sample collection methods
414(1)
Common analytical techniques
415(8)
Building, testing and calibrating S2S models
423(9)
From the source to the shore
423(9)
Key messages on case studies and practical applications
432(4)
S2S in mature basins
433(1)
S2S for frontier exploration and play extension
434(2)
White space exploration
436(1)
Conclusion
436(1)
Acknowledgments
437(1)
References
437(6)
12 Sequence stratigraphy of deepwater systems
Octavian Catuneanu
Introduction
443(5)
Controls on stratigraphic cyclicity
448(3)
Stratigraphic versus sedimentological cycles
451(1)
Sequence stratigraphic framework
451(6)
Sequences in fine-grained successions
457(5)
Organic geochemistry
457(4)
Inorganic geochemistry
461(1)
Stratigraphic scales in the deepwater setting
462(1)
Discussion and key messages
463(2)
Conclusions
465(1)
Acknowledgments
466(1)
References
466(5)
13 Reservoir quality and diagenesis of deepwater sandstones
R.H. Lander
L.M. Bonnell
T.R. Taylor
I. Espejo
Introduction
471(1)
Characterizing sandstone reservoir quality
471(1)
Depositional texture and composition
472(3)
Compaction
475(12)
Mechanical compaction
478(8)
Chemical compaction
486(1)
Cementation, replacement and dissolution
487(11)
Quartz
488(6)
Clays and zeolites
494(3)
Carbonates
497(1)
Assessing reservoir quality risk factors
498(3)
Key messages
501(4)
Sensitivity to framework grain composition
501(3)
Sensitivity to depositional environment
504(1)
Future directions
505(3)
Conclusion
508(1)
Acknowledgments
509(1)
References
509(6)
14 Applied paleontology in exploration and development
Ryan Weber
David Jutson
Introduction
515(2)
Logistics and methodologies
517(3)
Applied biostratigraphy
520(4)
Chronostratigraphy and geochronology
524(1)
Biostratigraphic sequences
525(2)
Applications for deepwater exploration
527(1)
Deepwater ecology and depositional setting
528(2)
Applications for deepwater reservoir development
530(1)
Key messages on mud in the reservoir model
530(1)
Conclusions and future outlook
531(1)
References
531(2)
15 Deepwater ichnology: New observations on contourites
Francisco J. Rodrfguez-Tovar
Olmo Miguez-Salas
Javier Dorador
Introduction: Deepwater ichnology
533(1)
Contourites and ichnology: Significant recent advances
534(2)
Trace fossil assemblages in contourites
536(6)
Archetypal ichnofacies in contourites: A complex relationship
542(1)
Paleoenvironmental conditions during bottom currents: The role of energy in the tracemaker community
542(2)
Modern examples: A bridge to interpret the ancient contourite record
544(1)
New techniques to advance in the ichnological analysis of contourites
545(2)
Bioturbation and petrophysical properties in contourites: Economic interest
547(2)
The role of Macaronichnus: Ichnological digital image analysis package and impregnated thin sections
547(1)
Clastic- vs calcareous-dominated contourites: X-ray micro-CT analysis
548(1)
Trace fossils and interparticle/intraparticle porosity: Mercury intrusion porosimetry
548(1)
Key messages
549(1)
Conclusions
549(1)
Acknowledgments
550(1)
References
550(5)
16 Imaging and interpretation: Seismic, rock physics and image log analysis workflows for deepwater systems
Sumit Verma
Shuvajit Bhattacharya
Tom Fett
Per Avseth
Ivan Lehocki
Introduction
555(1)
Seismic interpretation of deepwater depositional system on the North Slope, Alaska, USA
556(8)
Brief background
556(1)
Methods
556(3)
Case study: North Slope, Alaska, USA
559(5)
Summary
564(1)
Quantitative interpretation of a North Sea turbidite system using rock physics
564(12)
Brief background and workflow
565(1)
Data collection and geologic constraints
566(2)
Rock physics diagnostics
568(2)
Compaction modeling
570(1)
AVO feasibility modeling and scenario testing
571(4)
Model-driven quantitative seismic interpretation
575(1)
Summary
576(1)
Role of dipmeters and imaging devices in evaluating deepwater sedimentary intervals
576(12)
Introduction
576(1)
Applications of borehole imaging (BHIs)
576(1)
The usefulness of "3D to 2D" presentations in interpreting BHI, core and outcrop
577(1)
Historical perspectives, acquisition and presentation of dipmeters (including BHIs)
577(1)
Borehole imaging examples from DWSs
578(9)
Summary
587(1)
Additional resource material for utilizing legacy dipmeters and BHIs
587(1)
Further reading
588(1)
Key messages
588(1)
Conclusion
588(1)
Acknowledgments
589(1)
References
589(4)
17 Seismic rock physics and machine learning for deepwater stratigraphic intervals
Anshuman Pradhan
Per Avseth
Tapan Mukerji
Introduction
593(1)
The rock physics link between geology and geophysics
594(9)
Effect of clay in reservoir sandstones
595(1)
Rock physics modeling and diagnostics: Maby Slope, North Sea
595(4)
Rock physics modeling and diagnostics: Alvheim Field, North Sea
599(4)
Seismic lithofacies in deepwater clastic systems
603(1)
Rock physics templates for quantitative interpretation of deepwater clastic systems
604(4)
Rock physics templates and AVO analysis: Maloy Slope, North Sea
604(2)
Rock physics templates and AVO analysis: Alvheim Field, North Sea
606(2)
Statistical rock physics and machine-learning for quantitative seismic interpretation
608(4)
Overview of some machine learning algorithms
608(1)
Deep learning model architectures
609(2)
Training deep learning models
611(1)
Machine learning for deepwater reservoirs: Opportunities and challenges
611(1)
Deep learning facies classification: Nile Delta case study
612(5)
Creation of training dataset for machine learning
613(3)
Facies classification with CNNs
616(1)
Key messages
617(2)
Conclusions
619(2)
Acknowledgments
621(1)
References
621(3)
Further reading
624(1)
18 Integrating forward stratigraphic modeling with basin and petroleum system modeling
Allegra Hosford Scheirer
Keyu Liu
Jianliang Liu
Oliver Schenk
Introduction
625(1)
History of forward stratigraphic modeling and basin and petroleum system modeling
626(2)
Forward stratigraphic and basin and petroleum system modeling
628(29)
Forward stratigraphic modeling
628(9)
Basin and petroleum system modeling
637(20)
Integrating basin modeling and forward stratigraphic modeling
657(9)
Case study 1 Ordos Basin, China
659(4)
Case study 2 Colville Basin (Alaska North Slope, USA)
663(3)
Key messages on the future of coupled forward stratigraphic and basin and petroleum system models
666(2)
Conclusions
668(1)
Acknowledgments
668(1)
References
668(5)
19 Technical (engineering) advancements enabling deepwater exploration and production
Lori Fremin
Richard A. Sears
Charlie Williams
Introduction
673(3)
Case study 1 High rate/high ultimate wells
676(6)
Sand control
680(1)
Production tubing design and long-term well integrity
681(1)
Case study 2 Deepwater Gulf of Mexico structures and infrastructure planning
682(4)
Case study 3 Flow assurance, pipelines, flowlines and risers
686(2)
Case study 4 "Doing More with Less" stepping into the data and information age
688(3)
Continuously evolving and emerging technology
691(1)
Key messages
691(1)
Conclusion
691(1)
References
692(1)
20 Economic considerations and market condition effects in deepwater
Cheryl R. Collarini
Henry S. Pettingill
Joe L. Stires
Introduction
693(1)
Overview---Key economic drivers, market conditions, risk vs reward
693(1)
The physical environment
694(9)
Deepwater defined
694(1)
Geography of deepwater
695(1)
Discovery size
696(2)
Net pay volume
698(1)
Reservoir properties
699(1)
Recovery efficiency
699(4)
The economic environment
703(4)
Economic analysis fundamentals
703(1)
Product prices are market-determined
704(2)
Operating costs support the continuing production operation
706(1)
Investments cause the project to begin (and continue)
706(1)
Pre-wildcat exploration
707(2)
Deciding to drill the wildcat
708(1)
Project chance of success: Exploration risk mitigation
708(1)
Prospect maturation and associated costs
709(11)
Drilling technology and associated costs
710(1)
The appraisal decision
710(1)
The final investment decision: Development
711(1)
Well spacing and field layout
711(1)
Completion technology
712(1)
Surface platform and facility
713(1)
Finally, payment for the rights
713(3)
Case study: Different regimes
716(4)
The political and regulatory environment
720(1)
Key messages
720(1)
Conclusion
721(1)
Appendix: Supplementary material
721(1)
Acknowledgments
721(1)
References
721(1)
Further reading
722(1)
21 Deepwater sedimentary systems: The next 100 years of deepwater
Cindy A. Yeilding
Richard A. Sears
Zackary M. Donovan
F. Javier Hernandez-Molina
Introduction and objectives
723(1)
Context
723(2)
A new frontier: Ocean research and understanding of deepwater geologic processes
723(2)
Future resource scenarios
725(2)
Energy resources: Oil and gas, renewables and the impact on deepwater
725(2)
Vision for future deepwater and the impact of marine geological processes
727(19)
Conclusions
746(1)
Appendix
746(4)
Considerations for future applications and geoscience research based on the framework provided by this volume
746(4)
Potential glossary contributions
750(1)
Acknowledgments
750(1)
References
750(5)
Glossary 755(18)
Index 773
Jon Rotzien is President of Basin Dynamics and Adjunct Professor at University of Houston. He specializes in reservoir presence and quality forecasting in conventional and unconventional drilling programs on all oil-producing continents. Prior to his present posts, he served BP and other supermajor and independent operators in a variety of basins and petroleum reservoir technical training programs. As a business owner and scientist, Rotzien has participated in oil and gas exploratory to development drilling, mapping expeditions, technical competency training and consulting and has served as lead geologist in about one-third of those ventures. He is currently serving as Chair of the Houston Explorers Club. Rotzien received a Ph.D. in Geological Sciences from Stanford University and a B.A. degree in Geology from Colorado College. Cindy A. Yeilding served as a leader and technical expert at bp for more than 35 years, most recently as Senior Vice President of BP America, prior to her retirement in 2020. In this role she held numerous positions, including Chair of the coordinating subcommittee of the U.S. National Petroleum Councils Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage study, bp's Executive Sponsor for Princeton University and as Board Member and Executive Committee member of the Greater Houston Partnership. Previous roles in bp include Vice President, Exploration and Appraisal- Gulf of Mexico; Vice President- Global Basin Analysis and Global R&D Manager. As an exploration and research scientist, Cindy has developed and led geological courses, published technical papers, participated on panels and delivered numerous technical, leadership and keynote presentations for technical societies, universities and leadership.

Ms. Yeilding currently serves as the Board Chair of the Offshore Technology Conference and serves as a Director on the boards of Denbury Inc. and the Center for Houstons Future. Ms. Yeilding has a Bachelors of Science degree in Geology from Southern Methodist University and a Masters of Science degree in Geology from the University of North Carolina. Additionally, Ms. Yeilding was a founding member of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists Womens Committee and conceived of and initiated the Womens Networking program (WISE) and the OTC High School Energy Challenge at the Offshore Technology Conference. Ms. Yeilding has been recognized as a leader and a scientist across the energy industry, including receiving the AAPG Pioneer Award and being recognized as one of Hart Energys 25 Most Influential Women in Energy” and the Houston Business Journal's "Women of Influence." Richard A. Sears is Adjunct Professor in the Department of Energy Resources Engineering at Stanford University. He began his career as a geophysicist with Shell Oil Company in 1976. During his 33 years with Shell Oil Co. and Royal Dutch Shell, he held technical and managerial positions including exploration geophysicist, technical instructor, economist, strategic advisor and planner, and general management. He spent seven years as Vice President, Global Subsurface Deepwater Technical Services. He was Chief Scientist of the National Oil Spill Commission and is a co-author of the Commissions Chief Counsels Report which details the technical and managerial failures leading to the Deepwater Horizon blowout and spill, and has served on several committees through the National Academy of Engineering, advising the US Government on safety in offshore energy operations. He received his BS in physics and MS in geophysics from Stanford University, is a licensed Professional Geoscientist, and is a National Associate of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. Dr. Hernįndez-Molina is currently Professor in the Department of Earth Sciences at Royal Holloway University of London (RHUL). He is a specialist in sedimentary processes, seismic stratigraphy and basin analysis, and is experienced in core description and sediment structures identification. His research focuses on deep-marine sedimentation and the influence of bottom-current circulation along continental margins as well as the study of contourites and hybrid depositional systems in both low latitude (e.g. Gulf of Cadiz) and high latitude (e.g. Antarctica). He has participated in 67 national and international research projects in marine geology and geophysics. He has worked on different continental margins, and has particular expertise on the continental margin of the Gulf of Cadiz, South Atlantic and Antarctica, where he has been involved in many oceanographic national and international cruises and research projects. Octavian Catuneanu is a Professor in the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences at the University of Alberta, with PhD degrees from the University of Toronto and the University of Bucharest. He is the recipient of several distinctions in the field of Geology, including the W.W. Hutchison Medal of the Geological Association of Canada for exceptional advances in earth science research, and best paper awards from the European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers, the Geological Society of America, and the Romanian Academy of Sciences. Octavian Catuneanu served as the Editor-in-Chief of the journal of Marine and Petroleum Geology, Chair of the Task Group on Sequence Stratigraphy of the International Subcommission on Stratigraphic Classification, Chair of the North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature, and member of the editorial board of several journals in North America, Europe, and Africa. He is the editor of several books and special issues, author of numerous publications in the fields of sedimentology, stratigraphy, and basin analysis, and instructor of sequence stratigraphy and related disciplines for universities, conferences, and companies worldwide. The first edition of his Principles of Sequence Stratigraphy” textbook (Elsevier, 2006) received the 2007 Outstanding Academic Title” Choice Award from the American Library Association and remains a best-selling title.