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E-grāmata: Deficit Irrigation: A Remedy for Water Scarcity

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  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 22-Jan-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783030355869
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Deficit Irrigation: A Remedy for Water ScarcityPalielināt
  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 22-Jan-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783030355869
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This book focuses on proving that deficit irrigation could play an important role in increasing food production in times of water scarcity. Although the application of deficit irrigation can involve loss in crop productivity, it still secures water to be use in cultivating more lands and producing more food.

The following questions are discussed and the authors offer solutions to these problems:

Will the production, on a national level, resulting  from these new added areas compensate yield losses attained by application of deficit irrigation?

Is it possible to use deficit irrigation practice to reduce the applied irrigation water to certain crops that have a surplus in their production, and direct this saved water to cultivate new areas with crops have low self-sufficiency ratios?

Under climate change in 2030, would deficit irrigation practice have the same role it plays under the current conditions? 





This book will appeal to students and researchers involved with water scarcity and food security.





 
1 Water Scarcity Leads to Food Insecurity
1(14)
Samiha Ouda
Abd El-Hafeez Zohry
1.1 Introduction
2(1)
1.2 Food Production Depends on Water Availability
2(2)
1.3 Water Scarcity Induces Water Stress
4(1)
1.4 Deficit Irrigation and Water Scarcity
5(1)
1.5 Climate Change, Water Scarcity and Food Security
6(1)
1.6 Climate Change and Agricultural Soil
7(2)
1.7 Research Question
9(1)
1.8 Conclusion
9(1)
References
9(6)
2 Deficit Irrigation and Water Conservation
15(14)
Samiha Ouda
Tahany Noreldin
2.1 Introduction
15(1)
2.2 Consequences of Water Stress on Plants
16(1)
2.3 Deficit Irrigation Concept and Definitions
17(1)
2.4 Water Use Efficiency/Water Productivity Under Deficit Irrigation
18(1)
2.5 Strategies of Deficit Irrigation
19(3)
2.5.1 Sustained Deficit Irrigation
19(1)
2.5.2 Regulated Deficit Irrigation
20(2)
2.5.3 Subsurface Drip Irrigation or Infiltration Movement
22(1)
2.6 The Hidden Role of Intercropping Systems in Water Saving
22(1)
2.7 Conclusion
23(1)
References
24(5)
3 Egypt Faces Water Deficiency, and Food Insufficiency
29(30)
Abd El-Hafeez Zohry
Samiha Ouda
3.1 Introduction
29(1)
3.2 Climate of Egypt
30(5)
3.2.1 Growing Seasons of the Cultivated Crops
32(1)
3.2.2 Water Requirements of the Cultivated Crops in Egypt
32(3)
3.3 Water Resources of Egypt
35(2)
3.3.1 Water Resources Quantity
35(1)
3.3.2 Irrigation Water Management
36(1)
3.4 Soil Resources of Egypt
37(1)
3.5 Population Impacts on Per Capita Water and Land
38(1)
3.6 Irrigated Agriculture and Food Production
39(1)
3.7 Food Gaps in Egypt
40(9)
3.7.1 Wheat Production-Consumption Gap
41(3)
3.7.2 Maize Production-Consumption Gap
44(1)
3.7.3 Faba Bean Production-Consumption Gap
45(1)
3.7.4 Edible Oil Production-Consumption Gap
46(2)
3.7.5 Summer Forage Production-Consumption Gap
48(1)
3.8 Deficit Irrigation and Crops Production
49(4)
3.8.1 Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Winter Crops
49(2)
3.8.2 Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Summer Crops
51(2)
3.8.3 Deficit Irrigation to Intercropping Systems
53(1)
3.9 Conclusion
53(1)
References
53(6)
4 Field Crops and Deficit Irrigation in Egypt
59(26)
Samiha Ouda
Tahany Noreldin
Abd El-Hafeez Zohry
4.1 Introduction
60(2)
4.2 Egyptian Clover Production and Deficit Irrigation
62(11)
4.2.1 Effect of Water Stress on Egyptian Clover
63(1)
4.2.2 Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Egyptian Clover
63(1)
4.2.3 Irrigation Water Savings Techniques for Egyptian Clover
64(7)
4.2.4 Water Productivity of Egyptian Clover Under the Production Alternatives
71(2)
4.3 Sugar Beet Production and Deficit Irrigation
73(8)
4.3.1 Effect of Water Stress on Sugar Beet
73(1)
4.3.2 Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Sugar Beet
73(1)
4.3.3 Irrigation Water Savings Techniques for Sugar Beet
74(5)
4.3.4 Water Productivity of Sugar Beet Under the Studied Practices
79(2)
4.4 Conclusion
81(1)
References
81(4)
5 Vegetable Crops and Deficit Irrigation in Egypt
85(24)
Samiha Ouda
Tahany Noreldin
Abd El-Hafeez Zohry
5.1 Introduction
86(2)
5.2 Onion Production and Deficit Irrigation
88(6)
5.2.1 Effect of Water Stress on Onion
88(1)
5.2.2 Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Onion
88(1)
5.2.3 Irrigation Water Savings Techniques for Onion
89(5)
5.2.4 Water Productivity of Onion Under the Studied Production Alternatives
94(1)
5.3 Winter Tomato Production and Deficit Irrigation
94(10)
5.3.1 Effect of Water Stress on Winter Tomato
95(2)
5.3.2 Effect of Deficit Irrigation on Winter Tomato
97(1)
5.3.3 Irrigation Water Saving Techniques for Winter Tomato
97(7)
5.3.4 Water Productivity of Winter Tomato Under the Studied Practices
104(1)
5.4 Conclusion
104(2)
References
106(3)
6 Wheat Insufficiency and Deficit Irrigation
109(30)
Abd El-Hafeez Zohry
Samiha Ouda
6.1 Introduction
110(2)
6.2 Wheat Production and Deficit Irrigation
112(5)
6.2.1 Effect of Water Stress on Wheat
112(1)
6.2.2 Effect of Deficit Irrigation
113(1)
6.2.3 Irrigation Water Savings Techniques for Wheat
114(3)
6.3 Population, Wheat Consumption and Wheat Production-Consumption Gap
117(14)
6.3.1 Cultivation on Raised Beds
118(1)
6.3.2 Application of Deficit Irrigation
118(3)
6.3.3 Wheat Intercropping with Other Crops
121(10)
6.3.4 Saved Irrigation Water from Other Winter Crops and Wheat Self-Sufficiency
131(1)
6.4 Wheat Production-Consumption Gap Using Saved Water from Other Winter Crops
131(3)
6.5 Wheat Water Productivity Under the Studied Production Alternatives
134(1)
6.6 Conclusion
134(2)
References
136(3)
7 Climate Change Assessment in Egypt: A Review
139(22)
Samiha Ouda
Abd El-Hafeez Zohry
7.1 Introduction
139(1)
7.2 Climate Change and Water Resources
140(2)
7.3 Projection of Climate Change Impacts on Crops Production
142(4)
7.3.1 Using IPCC Report (1990)
142(1)
7.3.2 Using IPCC Report (2001)
143(2)
7.3.3 Using IPCC Report (2013)
145(1)
7.4 Climate Change and Evapotranspiration
146(2)
7.5 Effect of Climate Change on Seasonal Crop Coefficients
148(2)
7.6 Effect of Climate Change on Water Consumptive Use/Water Requirements of Crops
150(1)
7.7 Climate Change and Cultivated Lands
151(3)
7.7.1 Effect of Climate Change on the Soils of Egypt
151(1)
7.7.2 Effect of Climate Change on Cultivated Area
152(1)
7.7.3 Effect of Climate Change on the Suitability of Cultivated Area to a Certain Crop
153(1)
7.8 Effect of Climate Change on Food Gaps
154(2)
7.8.1 Wheat Production-Consumption Gap
154(1)
7.8.2 Maize Production-Consumption Gap
154(1)
7.8.3 Faba Bean Production-Consumption Gap
154(2)
7.8.4 Edible Oil Crops Production-Consumption Gap
156(1)
7.8.5 Summer Forage Crops Production-Consumption Gap
156(1)
7.9 Conclusion
156(1)
References
156(5)
8 Climate Change and Wheat Self-Sufficiency
161
Samiha Ouda
Abd El-Hafeez Zohry
8.1 Introduction
162(1)
8.2 Effect of Heat Stress on Wheat
163(1)
8.3 Effect of Climate Change on Wheat
163(1)
8.4 Climate Change Assessment
164(26)
8.4.1 Projection of Wheat Water Requirements in 2030
164(2)
8.4.2 Projection of Wheat Cultivated Area and Total Production
166(1)
8.4.3 Production Alternatives for Wheat Under Climate Change
167(16)
8.4.4 Saved Irrigation Water from Other Winter Crops and Wheat Production
183(7)
8.5 Wheat Production-Consumption Gap Using Saved Water from Other Winter Crops
190(1)
8.6 Wheat Water Productivity Under the Studied Production Alternatives
190(3)
8.7 Conclusion
193(1)
References
193
Professor Samiha Ouda had her BSc. from Cairo University in 1982 (Agricultural Economy Department), Egypt and her MSc from Ain Shams University in 1993 (Agronomy Department), Egypt. She had her PhD in 1998 from Iowa State University, USA (Crop Physiology and management). She had her professor appointment in 2009. Prof. Ouda have been working in the Agricultural Research Center in Water Requirements and Field Irrigation Research Department; Soils Water and Environment Institute; in Egypt for 28 years.  She won three prizes: two of them local and the third one from International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID-CIID) in 2015. She published 88 research papers, 40 book chapters and 4 books on irrigation water management, modeling, crop simulation, agroclimatology, climate change impacts on crops and its water requirements. She supervised 4 Master and PhD theses on simulation models and climate change.





Professor Abd El-Hafeez Zohry have been working in the Agricultural Research Center for 28 years in Crops Intensification Research Department; Field Crops Research Institute; Agricultural Research Center in Egypt.  He had his BSc from El-Minia University in Egypt in 1987 (General Agriculture Department) and his MSc from Al-Azhar University in 1990 in Egypt (Agronomy Department). He had his PhD in 1994 from Al-Azhar University (Crop Physiology and Production). He had his professor appointment in 2006. He published 39 research papers, 27 book chapters, 2 books and 4 extension bulletins on intensive cropping, and crop rotations. He supervised one MSc and one PhDs theses on intensive cropping. He won water innovation prize from International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage (ICID-CIID) in 2015.











Dr. Tahany Noreldin obtained her BSc, MSc. and PhD from College of Agriculture, Cairo University, Egypt (Agronomy Department) in 1998, 2005 and 2010, respectively. She have been working in Water Requirements and Field Irrigation Research Department; Soils Water and Environment Institute; Agricultural Research Center in Egypt for 7 years. She had her associated professor appointment in 2018. She published her MSc and PhD theses in two books. She contributed in authoring 2 books, 5 book chapters and 34 research papers on irrigation water management, modeling, crop simulation, agroclimatology, and climate change.
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