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DeGowin's Diagnostic Examination 11th edition [Mīkstie vāki]

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Donald Brown, Manish Suneja, Joseph Szot, Richard LeBlond

Formāts: Paperback / softback, 928 pages, height x width x depth: 216x130x31 mm, weight: 803 g, 293 Illustrations
Izdošanas datums: 11-Aug-2020
Izdevniecība: McGraw-Hill Education
ISBN-10: 1260134873
ISBN-13: 9781260134872

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Medicine: general issues - (Noliktavā: 46 punkts)

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Formāts: Paperback / softback, 928 pages, height x width x depth: 216x130x31 mm, weight: 803 g, 293 Illustrations
Izdošanas datums: 11-Aug-2020
Izdevniecība: McGraw-Hill Education
ISBN-10: 1260134873
ISBN-13: 9781260134872

Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

Medicine: general issues - (Noliktavā: 46 punkts)

Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9781260134872.html

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Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.

The classic guide to the undifferentiated patient–enhanced by new cases

Technological advances have taken testing and imaging to remarkable new places—yet establishing patient history and performing physical examinations are more important now than ever. This classic guide has been showing students and clinicians how to approach the diagnostic process thoughtfully and systematically for decades—and this revised edition brings you completely up to date.

Part physical examination primer, part differential diagnosis tool, DeGowin's Diagnostic Examination provides the information and insights you need to make accurate, evidence-based diagnostic hypotheses. Covering all physical exam techniques and procedures, this updated edition shows how to collect clinical findings gleaned from the physical examination and synthesize them into a differential diagnosis.

• Covers the latest developments in evidence-based physical examinations
• Explains how to obtain a complete patient history and perform a thorough physical exam
• Organized by signs, symptoms, and syndromes to make finding what you need quick and easy
• Connects symptoms and signs with disease pathophysiology
• Facilitates efficient, cost-effective diagnostic testing using focused differential diagnoses

This classic guide continues to effectively combine current diagnostic practices with the unchanging aspects of clinical medicine.

Preface

xxiii

Common Abbreviations

xxvii

Introduction and User's Guide

xxix

PART 1 THE DIAGNOSTIC FRAMEWORK

1 Diagnosis

(12)

1 Accurate Diagnosis Is Imperative

(1)

2 Diagnostic Process

(1)

3 Diseases and Syndromes

(1)

A The Diagnostic Process

(11)

1 Stories

(1)

2 Gathering and Processing Information

(1)

3 Differential Diagnosis

(1)

4 Anatomic and Pathophysiologic Diagnostic Hypotheses

(4)

5 Cognitive Tests of Diagnostic Hypotheses

(1)

6 Selecting Diagnostic Tests

(1)

7 Rare Diseases

(1)

8 Certainty and Diagnosis

(1)

9 Prognostic Uncertainty

(1)

10 Summary of the Diagnostic Process

(1)

11 Caveat

(1)

12 An Example of the Diagnostic Process

(1)

2 History Taking And The Medical Record

(14)

A Outline of the Medical Record

(3)

1 Scope of the History

(1)

2 How to Take a History

(1)

3 Do Not Make Assumptions

(1)

B Completion of the Medical Record

(9)

1 Identification

(1)

2 The Informant

(1)

3 Chief Complaints

(2)

4 Past Medical and Surgical History

(1)

5 Family History

(1)

6 Social History

(1)

7 Military History

(1)

8 Review of Systems

(1)

9 Gynecologic History

(1)

10 Male History

(1)

11 Venereal Disease History

(1)

12 Medications

(1)

13 Allergies and Medication Intolerances

(1)

14 Preventive Care Services

(1)

15 Advance Directives

(1)

16 Physical Examination

(1)

17 Laboratory

(1)

18 Assessment

(1)

19 The Plan

(1)

C The Oral Presentation

(1)

D Other Clinical Notes

(2)

1 Inpatient Progress Notes

(1)

2 Discharge Summary

(1)

3 Clinic Notes

(1)

3 Physical Examination

(16)

A Methods for Physical Examination

(5)

1 Inspection

(1)

2 Palpation

(1)

3 Percussion

(2)

4 Auscultation

(1)

B The Screening Physical Examination

(5)

1 Preparing the Screening Examination

(1)

2 Performing the Screening Examination

(4)

C Ultrasound in Bedside Diagnosis

(6)

1 Technical Considerations

(2)

2 Scope of Ultrasound in Diagnostic Examination

(4)

PART 2 THE DIAGNOSTIC EXAMINATION

The Diagnostic Examination:
Chapters 4 to 15

(1)

4 Vital Signs, Anthropometric Data, And Pain

(33)

A Vital Signs

(24)

1 Body Temperature

(8)

2 The Pulse: Rate, Volume, and Rhythm

(8)

3 Respiratory Rate and Pattern

(2)

4 Blood Pressure (BP) and Pulse Pressure

(6)

B Anthropometric Data

(5)

1 Height

(1)

2 Weight

(4)

C Pain

(2)

1 Diagnostic Attributes of Pain, PQRST

(1)

2 Pain Syndromes

(1)

D Clinical Vignettes and Questions

(2)

5 Nonregional Systems And Diseases

(25)

A Constitutional Symptoms

(3)

1 Fatigue

(1)

2 Appetite Disturbance

(1)

3 Thirst Disturbance

(1)

4 Constitutional Syndromes and Diseases

(1)

B The Immune System

(1)

1 Common Immunodeficiency Syndromes

(1)

C The Lymphatic System

(8)

1 Lymph Node Examination

(1)

2 Diseases and Syndromes of Lymphocytes, Lymph Nodes, and Plasma Cells

(3)

3 B-cell and plasma cell disorders

(1)

4 Diseases and Syndromes of Specific Regional Lymph Nodes

(3)

D The Hematopoietic System and Hemostasis

(5)

1 Red Blood Cell (RBC, Erythrocyte) Disorders

(1)

2 Neutrophil Disorders

(1)

3 Myeloproliferative Disorders and Acute Leukemia

(1)

4 Platelet Disorders

(1)

5 Coagulation Disorders

(1)

E The Endocrine System

(6)

1 Diabetes and Hypoglycemia

(1)

2 Disorders of Thyroid Function

(2)

3 Adrenal Disorders

(1)

4 Disorders of Parathyroid Function

(1)

5 Disorders of Pituitary Function

100

(1)

F Clinical Vignettes and Questions

101

(2)

6 The Skin And Nails

103

(56)

A Physiology of the Skin and Nails

103

(1)

B Functional Anatomy of the Skin and Nails

103

(4)

1 Skin Layers

103

(1)

2 Skin Associated Structures

104

(3)

C Examining the Skin and Nails

107

(1)

1 Evaluating Skin Turgor and Elasticity

107

(1)

2 Examining Nailfold Capillaries

107

(1)

D Supplemental Aids to Dermatologic Diagnosis

108

(1)

1 Magnification

108

(1)

2 Diascopy

108

(1)

3 KOH Preparation

108

(1)

4 Tzanck Smear

109

(1)

5 Wood Light

109

(1)

6 Skin Biopsy

109

(1)

E Skin and Nail Symptoms

109

(1)

1 Itching (Pruritus)

109

(1)

F Skin and Nail Signs

109

(25)

1 Distribution of Lesions

109

(2)

2 Pattern of Lesions

111

(1)

3 Morphology of Individual Lesions

112

(4)

4 Generalized Skin Signs

116

(2)

5 Changes in Skin Color

118

(3)

6 Hair Changes

121

(1)

7 Fingernail Signs

121

(5)

8 Foot and Toenail Signs

126

(1)

9 Vascular Signs

127

(7)

10 Signs of Systemic Lipid Disorders

134

(1)

G Skin and Nail Syndromes

134

(23)

1 Common Skin Disorders

134

(5)

2 Skin Infections and Infestations

139

(7)

3 Bullous Skin Diseases

146

(1)

4 Skin Manifestations of Systemic Diseases

147

(4)

5 Vascular Disorders

151

(3)

6 Skin Neoplasms

154

(3)

H Clinical Vignettes and Questions

157

(2)

7 The Head And Neck

159

(104)

A Major Systems of the Head and Neck

159

(1)

B Functional Anatomy of the Head and Neck

159

(12)

1 The Scalp and Skull

159

(1)

2 The Face and Neck

160

(1)

3 The Ear

160

(2)

4 The Eyes

162

(3)

5 The Nose

165

(1)

6 Mouth and Oral Cavity

166

(2)

7 Larynx

168

(2)

8 The Salivary Glands

170

(1)

9 The Thyroid Gland

170

(1)

C Physical Examination of the Head and Neck

171

(16)

1 Examining the Scalp, Face, and Skull

171

(1)

2 Examining the Ears, Hearing, and Labyrinth Function

172

(3)

3 Examining the Eyes, Visual Fields, and Visual Acuity

175

(5)

4 Examining the Nose and Sinuses

180

(2)

5 Examining the Lips, Mouth, Teeth, Tongue, and Pharynx

182

(2)

6 Examining the Temporomandibular Joint

184

(1)

7 Examining the Larynx

184

(1)

8 Examining the Salivary Glands

185

(1)

9 Examining the Neck

185

(2)

10 Examining the Lymph Nodes

187

(1)

11 Examining the Vascular System

187

(1)

D Head and Neck Symptoms

187

(5)

1 General Symptom

187

(1)

2 Skull, Scalp, and Face Symptoms

187

(1)

3 Ear Symptoms

188

(1)

4 Eye Symptoms

189

(1)

5 Nose Symptoms

189

(1)

6 Lip, Mouth, Tongue, Teeth, and Pharynx Symptoms

190

(1)

7 Larynx Symptoms

191

(1)

8 Salivary Gland Symptoms

191

(1)

9 Neck Symptoms

191

(1)

E Head and Neck Signs

192

(47)

1 Scalp, Face, Skull, and Jaw Signs

192

(1)

2 External Ear Signs

193

(1)

3 External Acoustic Meatus Signs

194

(1)

4 TM Signs

195

(1)

5 Hearing Signs

195

(1)

6 Eye Lid Signs

195

(4)

7 Eye Movement Signs

199

(1)

8 Conjunctiva Signs

199

(3)

9 Cornea Signs

202

(1)

10 Sclera Signs

202

(1)

11 Pupil Signs

203

(1)

12 Lens Signs

203

(2)

13 Retina Signs

205

(12)

14 Nose and Sinus Signs

217

(4)

15 Breath Signs

221

(1)

16 Lip Signs

221

(2)

17 Oral Mucosa and Palate Signs

223

(3)

18 Teeth and Gum Signs

226

(1)

19 Tongue Signs

227

(4)

20 Pharynx Signs

231

(1)

21 Larynx and Trachea Signs

231

(3)

22 Salivary Gland Signs

234

(1)

23 Neck Signs

235

(1)

24 Midline Cervical Mass

236

(1)

25 Lateral Cervical Masses

237

(1)

26 Thyroid Signs

238

(1)

F Head and Neck Syndromes

239

(21)

1 Squamous Cell Cancers of the Head and Neck

239

(1)

2 Scalp, Face, Skull, and Jaw Syndromes

240

(1)

3 Eye Syndromes

241

(2)

4 Ear Syndromes

243

(4)

5 Nose and Sinus Syndromes

247

(3)

6 Oral Syndromes (Lips, Mouth, Tongue, Teeth, and Pharynx)

250

(2)

7 Larynx Syndromes

252

(3)

8 Salivary Gland Syndromes

255

(1)

9 Thyroid Syndromes

256

(1)

10 Thyroid Goiters and Nodules

256

(4)

G Clinical Vignettes and Questions

260

(3)

8 The Chest: Chest Wall, Pulmonary, And Cardiovascular Systems; The Breasts

263

(1)

SECTION 1 Chest Wall, Pulmonary, and Cardiovascular Systems

263

(117)

A Major Systems and Physiology

263

(7)

1 The Thoracic Wall

263

(1)

2 The Respiratory System

264

(2)

3 The Lungs and Pleura

266

(2)

4 The Cardiovascular System

268

(2)

B Superficial Thoracic Anatomy

270

(3)

1 The Chest Wall

270

(1)

2 The Lungs and Pleura

271

(2)

3 The Heart and Precordium

273

(1)

C Physical Exam of The Chest and Major Vessels

273

(19)

1 Inspection of the Rib Cage and Thoracic Musculature

273

(1)

2 Palpating the Rib Cage and Thoracic Musculature

273

(1)

3 Examining the Lungs and Pleura

274

(6)

4 Examining the Heart and Precordium

280

(5)

5 Examining the Blood Vessels

285

(2)

6 Examining the Arterial Circulation in the Extremities

287

(5)

7 Examining Large Limb Veins

292

(1)

D Chest, Cardiovascular, and Respiratory Symptoms

292

(5)

1 General Symptoms

292

(4)

2 Chest Wall Symptoms

296

(1)

3 Lung and Pleura Symptoms

296

(1)

4 Cardiovascular Symptoms

297

(1)

E Chest, Trachea, and Respiratory Signs

297

(16)

1 Chest Wall Signs

297

(6)

2 Trachea Signs

303

(1)

3 Lung, Pleura, and Respiratory Signs

303

(1)

4 Vibratory Palpation

304

(1)

5 Sonorous Percussion

304

(1)

6 Auscultating Breath Sounds

305

(2)

7 Auscultating Voice Sounds

307

(1)

8 Auscultating Abnormal Sounds

307

(1)

9 Interpretating Pulmonary and Pleural Signs

307

(6)

10 Sputum Signs

313

(1)

F Cardiovascular Signs

313

(26)

1 Inspection

314

(1)

2 Palpation

314

(3)

3 Percussion

317

(1)

4 Auscultating Heart Sounds

317

(5)

5 Auscultating Extracardiac Sounds

322

(1)

6 Auscultating Heart Murmurs

323

(1)

7 Systolic Murmurs

323

(8)

8 Diastolic Murmurs

331

(2)

9 Continuous Murmurs

333

(1)

10 Vascular Signs of Cardiac Activity

334

(4)

11 Arterial Circulation Signs

338

(1)

G Chest, Cardiovascular, and Respiratory Syndromes

339

(41)

1 Chest Wall Syndromes

339

(1)

2 Respiratory Syndromes

340

(9)

3 Cardiovascular Syndromes

349

(6)

4 Other Cardiovascular Syndromes

355

(3)

5 Valvular Heart Disease

358

(1)

6 Congenital Heart Disease

358

(1)

7 Mediastinal Tumors

359

(1)

8 Pericardial Syndromes

359

(1)

9 Disorders of the Arterial and Venous Circulations

360

(5)

10 Circulatory Disorders in the Head, Neck, and Trunk

365

(8)

11 Disorders of Large Limb Arteries

373

(4)

12 Disorders of the Major Extremity Veins

377

(3)

SECTION 2 The Breasts

380

(333)

H Breast Physiology

380

(1)

1 The Female Breast

380

(1)

2 The Male Breast

381

(1)

I Superficial Breasts Anatomy

381

(1)

J Physical Exam of the Breasts

381

(2)

1 Breast Examination

382

(1)

K Breast Symptoms

383

(1)

1 Breast Pain

383

(1)

L Breast Signs

383

(3)

1 Breast Mass

383

(1)

2 Breast Tenderness (Mastodynia)

384

(1)

3 Breast Cysts

384

(1)

4 Supernumerary Nipples (Polythelia) and Breasts (Polymastia)

385

(1)

5 Inverted Nipples

385

(1)

6 Nipple Fissures

385

(1)

7 Duct Fistula

385

(1)

8 Skin or Nipple Retraction

385

(1)

9 Nipple Discharge

385

(1)

10 Nipple Scaling and Excoriation---Paget Disease

385

(1)

11 Areolar Gland Abscess

385

(1)

M Breast Syndromes

386

(4)

1 The Female Breast

386

(3)

2 The Male Breast

389

(1)

N Clinical Vignettes and Questions

390

(3)

9 The Abdomen, Perineum, Anus, And Rectosigmoid

393

(76)

A Major Systems and Their Physiology

393

(2)

1 Alimentary System

393

(1)

2 Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic System

394

(1)

3 Spleen and Lymphatics

394

(1)

4 Kidneys, Ureters, and Bladder

395

(1)

B Superficial Anatomy of the Abdomen and Perineum

395

(1)

1 The Abdomen

395

(1)

2 The Anus

396

(1)

3 The Rectum

396

(1)

4 The Sigmoid and Descending Colon

396

(1)

C Physical Exam of the Abdomen

396

(11)

1 Inspection

397

(1)

2 Auscultation

397

(1)

3 Percussion

398

(1)

4 Palpation

398

(7)

5 Examining the Perineum, Anus, Rectum, and Distal Colon

405

(1)

6 Examining the Rectum

406

(1)

7 Examining the Sigmoid Colon

407

(1)

D Abdominal, Perineal, and Anorectal Symptoms

407

(7)

1 Nonspecific Symptoms

407

(3)

2 Site-Attributable Symptoms

410

(1)

3 Esophagus, Stomach, and Duodenum Symptoms

411

(1)

4 Small Intestine and Colon Symptoms

412

(1)

5 Pelvic Symptoms

413

(1)

E Abdominal Signs

414

(12)

1 Inspection

414

(7)

2 Auscultation

421

(1)

3 Percussion

422

(1)

4 Palpation

423

(3)

F Perineal, Anal, and Rectal Signs

426

(4)

1 Inspection

426

(2)

2 Palpation

428

(2)

G Abdominal, Perineal, and Anorectal Syndromes

430

(36)

1 Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Syndromes

430

(1)

2 Acute Abdominal Pain Syndromes

431

(2)

3 Acute Abdominal Pain

433

(1)

4 Acute Epigastric Pain

434

(3)

5 Acute RUQ Pain

437

(2)

6 Acute LUQ Pain

439

(1)

7 Acute RLQ Pain

440

(1)

8 Acute LLQ Pain

441

(1)

9 Acute Suprapubic Pain

441

(1)

10 Subacute Abdominal Pain Syndromes

441

(1)

11 Chronic and Recurrent Abdominal Pain

442

(2)

12 Bloating and Distention Syndromes

444

(1)

13 Diarrhea Syndromes

445

(6)

14 Constipation Syndromes

451

(2)

15 Bowel Obstruction Syndromes

453

(2)

16 Abdominal Masses

455

(5)

17 Abdominal, Inguinal, and Other Hernias

460

(4)

18 Perineal, Anal, and Rectal Syndromes

464

(1)

19 Occult GI Blood Loss

464

(2)

H Clinical Vignettes and Questions

466

(3)

10 The Urinary System

469

(14)

A Overview and Physiology of the Urinary System

469

(1)

B Urinary System Anatomy

469

(1)

C Examining the Urinary System

469

(1)

D Urinary System Symptoms

470

(1)

E Urinary System Signs

471

(3)

F Urethral Signs

474

(1)

G Urinary System Syndromes

474

(6)

1 Hematuria

474

(6)

H Clinical Vignettes and Questions

480

(3)

11 The Female Genitalia And Reproductive System

483

(23)

A Overview of Female Reproductive Physiology

483

(1)

B Anatomy of the Female Genitalia and Reproductive System

483

(3)

1 The Vulva

483

(2)

2 The Vagina, Uterus, and Adnexa

485

(1)

C Examing the Female Genitalia and Reproductive System

486

(3)

1 The Female Pelvic Examination

486

(3)

D Female Genital and Reproductive Symptoms

489

(1)

1 General Symptoms

489

(1)

2 Vulvar and Vaginal Symptoms

490

(1)

E Female Genital and Reproductive Signs

490

(9)

1 Vulvar Signs

490

(2)

2 Urethral Meatus Abnormalities

492

(1)

3 Vagina Signs

492

(3)

4 Cervix Signs

495

(1)

5 Uterine Signs

496

(1)

6 Adnexal Signs

497

(2)

7 Rectal Signs

499

(1)

F Female Genital and Reproductive Syndromes

499

(5)

1 Menstrual Disorders

499

(3)

2 Ovary Disorders

502

(1)

3 Uterine Disorders

503

(1)

G Clinical Vignettes and Questions

504

(2)

12 The Male Genitalia And Reproductive System

506

(21)

A Overview of Male Reproductive Physiology

506

(1)

B Male Reproductive System Anatomy

506

(4)

1 The Penis

506

(1)

2 The Scrotum

507

(1)

3 Testis, Epididymis, Vas Deferens, and Spermatic Cord

508

(1)

4 The Prostate and Seminal Vesicles

508

(2)

C Examining the Male Genitalia and Reproductive System

510

(2)

1 Examining the Penis

510

(1)

2 Examining the Scrotum

510

(1)

3 Examining Scrotal Contents

510

(1)

4 Examining for Scrotal Hernia

510

(1)

5 Examining the Testes

510

(1)

6 Examining the Epididymis

510

(1)

7 Examining the Spermatic Cord

511

(1)

8 Examining the Male Inguinal Region for Hernia

511

(1)

9 Male Rectal Exam

511

(1)

D Male Genital and Reproductive Symptoms

512

(1)

E Male Genital and Reproductive Signs

513

(9)

1 Penis Signs

513

(4)

2 Urethral Signs

517

(1)

3 Scrotum Signs

518

(1)

4 Testis, Epididymis, and Other Intrascrotal Signs

519

(3)

5 Prostate and Seminal Vesicle Signs

522

(1)

F Male Genital and Reproductive Syndromes

522

(3)

G Clinical Vignettes and Questions

525

(2)

13 The Spine, Pelvis, And Extremities

527

(96)

A Major Systems and Their Physiology

527

(1)

1 Bones

527

(1)

2 Joints

528

(1)

3 Muscles, Tendons, and Bursae

528

(1)

B Superficial Anatomy of the Spine and Extremities

528

(11)

1 The Axial Skeleton---Spine and Pelvis

528

(2)

2 Appendicular Skeleton

530

(9)

C Examining the Spine and Extremities

539

(17)

1 Examining the Spine

539

(3)

2 Examining the Appendicular Skeleton

542

(13)

3 Brief Examination for Skeletal Injuries

555

(1)

D Musculoskeletal and Soft Tissue Symptoms

556

(3)

1 Pain

556

(3)

E Musculoskeletal and Soft Tissue Signs

559

(21)

1 General Signs

559

(2)

2 Thoracolumbar Spine and Pelvis Signs

561

(3)

3 Appendicular Skeleton, Joint, Ligament, Tendon, and Soft-Tissue Signs

564

(16)

F Musculoskeletal and Soft Tissue Syndromes

580

(29)

1 General Syndromes

580

(1)

2 Syndromes Primarily Affecting Joints

581

(8)

3 Conditions Primarily Affecting Bone

589

(4)

4 Neck, Spine, and Pelvis Syndromes

593

(4)

5 Upper Extremity Syndromes

597

(7)

6 Conditions of the Entire Upper Limb

604

(1)

7 Lower Extremity Syndromes

604

(3)

8 Muscle Syndromes

607

(2)

G Musculoskeletal Trauma Syndromes

609

(11)

1 Traumatic Neck Pain

609

(1)

2 Traumatic Back Pain

610

(1)

3 Traumatic Wrist, Arm, and Shoulder Pain

611

(3)

4 Traumatic Hip Pain

614

(1)

5 Traumatic Knee Pain

615

(3)

6 Traumatic Calf Pain

618

(1)

7 Traumatic Anterior Leg Pain

618

(1)

8 Traumatic Ankle Pain

618

(1)

9 Traumatic Heel Pain

619

(1)

H Clinical Vignettes and Questions

620

(3)

14 The Nervous System

623

(89)

A Overview of the Nervous System

623

(1)

1 Anatomic Organization of the Nervous System

624

(1)

2 The Peripheral Nervous System

624

(1)

3 Functional Organization of the Nervous System

624

(1)

B The Neurologic Examination

624

(27)

1 Mental Status Screening Examination

624

(1)

2 Cranial Nerve (CN) Exam

625

(7)

3 Motor Examination

632

(1)

4 Examining Reflexes

633

(6)

5 Posture, Balance, and Coordination---The Cerebellar Exam

639

(3)

6 Sensory Examination

642

(3)

7 Testing Higher Integrative Functions

645

(1)

8 Testing Specific Peripheral Nerves

646

(1)

9 Specific Muscle and Nerve Movements

647

(4)

C Neurologic Symptoms

651

(5)

1 General Symptoms

651

(2)

2 Cranial Nerve Symptoms

653

(1)

3 Motor Symptoms

654

(1)

4 Posture, Balance, and Coordination Symptoms

655

(1)

5 Sensory Symptoms

655

(1)

D Neurologic Signs

656

(15)

1 Cranial Nerve Signs

656

(11)

2 Motor Signs

667

(1)

3 Reflex Signs

668

(3)

E Posture, Balance, and Coordination Signs

671

(9)

1 Cerebellar Signs

671

(1)

2 Gait Disorders

672

(1)

3 Movement Disorders

673

(2)

4 Sensory Signs

675

(1)

5 Autonomic Nervous System Signs

676

(1)

6 Some Peripheral Nerve Signs

676

(4)

F Neurologic Syndromes

680

(30)

1 Recurrent Headache Syndromes

680

(3)

2 Intracranial Traction, Displacement, and Inflammation Causing Headache

683

(1)

3 Intracranial Bleeding Headaches

684

(1)

4 Other Headaches

685

(1)

5 Seizures

686

(2)

6 Transiently Impaired Consciousness

688

(2)

7 Persistently Impaired Consciousness

690

(4)

8 Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease

694

(3)

9 Degenerative and Autoimmune CNS Diseases

697

(1)

10 CNS Infections

697

(2)

11 Spinal Cord Disorders

699

(1)

12 Peripheral Neuropathies

700

(3)

13 Other Motor and Sensory Syndromes

703

(1)

14 Disorders of Language and Speech

704

(1)

15 Delirium

705

(1)

16 Impaired Cognition Syndromes

706

(1)

17 Other Syndromes

707

(3)

G Clinical Vignettes and Questions

710

(2)

15 The Mental Status, Psychiatric, And Social Evaluations

712

(1)

SECTION 1 The Mental Status and Psychiatric Evaluation

713

(16)

A The Mental Status Evaluation

713

(3)

1 Level of Consciousness (LOC)

713

(1)

2 Orientation

713

(1)

3 Attention

713

(1)

4 Memory

714

(1)

5 Thought

715

(1)

6 Perception

715

(1)

7 Intellect

715

(1)

8 Mood

716

(1)

9 Affect

716

(1)

10 Appearance and Behavior

716

(1)

B Psychiatric Symptoms and Signs

716

(4)

1 Abnormal Perception

716

(1)

2 Parasomnias

717

(1)

3 Abnormal Affect and Mood

717

(1)

4 Abnormal Thinking

718

(1)

5 Abnormal Memory

719

(1)

6 Abnormal Behaviors

719

(1)

C Psychiatric Syndromes

720

(9)

1 Multiaxial Assessment

720

(1)

2 Acute and Subacute Confusion

721

(1)

3 Anxiety Disorders

721

(1)

4 Mood Disorders

722

(1)

5 Personality Disorders and Abnormal Behaviors

723

(3)

6 Eating Disorders

726

(1)

7 Alcohol-Related Illness

726

(1)

8 Impulse Control Disorders

727

(1)

9 Adjustment Disorders

727

(1)

10 Grieving

728

(1)

11 Thought Disorders

728

(1)

12 Other Disorders

728

(1)

SECTION 2 The Social Evaluation

729

(5)

1 Evaluating Social Function and Risk

729

(1)

A Common Social Syndromes and Problems

729

(2)

1 Common Social Syndromes and Problems

729

(2)

B Clinical Vignettes and Questions

731

(3)

PART 3 PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION

16 The Preoperative Evaluation

734

(10)

A Introduction to Preoperative Screening

734

(1)

B The History

734

(4)

1 Assessing Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Risk from History

735

(1)

2 Assessing Bleeding Risk from History

736

(1)

3 Assessing Metabolic Risk---Diabetes, Renal, and Hepatic Insufficiency

736

(1)

4 Age

737

(1)

5 Family History

737

(1)

6 Medications

737

(1)

7 Social History

738

(1)

8 Mechanical and Positioning Risks

738

(1)

C The Physical Exam

738

(1)

D Laboratory Testing

739

(1)

E Summative Risk Assessment

740

(1)

F Clinical Vignettes and Questions

741

(3)

PART 4 USE OF THE LABORATORY AND DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING

17 Principles Of Diagnostic Testing

744

(15)

A Principles of Laboratory Testing

744

(6)

1 Principles of Testing for Disease

744

(3)

2 Selecting and Interpreting Tests

747

(3)

B Examples

750

(7)

1 Comment

755

(1)

2 2 × 2 Tables Revisited: Caveat Emptor

755

(1)

3 Rule-In; Rule-Out

756

(1)

4 Summary

757

(1)

C Principles of Diagnostic Imaging

757

(2)

18 Common Laboratory Tests

759

(31)

A Blood Chemistries

760

(18)

1 Albumin

760

(1)

2 Alkaline Phosphatase, Serum

760

(1)

3 Anion Gap, Serum

761

(1)

4 Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Serum

761

(1)

5 Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Serum

761

(1)

6 Bicarbonate, Total Serum (HCO3), CO2 Content

762

(1)

7 Bilirubin, Total Serum

762

(1)

8 Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

763

(1)

9 B-Type Natriuretic Peptide

763

(1)

10 Chloride, Serum (CI-)

764

(1)

11 Cholesterol, Serum

765

(1)

12 C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

765

(1)

13 Creatine Kinase (CK), Serum

766

(1)

14 Creatinine, Serum

766

(1)

15 Creatinine Clearance

767

(1)

16 Ferritin, Serum

768

(1)

17 Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

768

(1)

18 Glucose, Serum

768

(2)

19 Hemoglobin A1c, Glycohemoglobin

770

(1)

20 Iron, Serum (Fe2+)

770

(1)

21 Iron-Binding Capacity, Serum Total

771

(1)

22 Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Serum

771

(1)

23 Phosphate, Serum Inorganic

771

(1)

24 Potassium, Serum (K+)

772

(1)

25 Protein, Total Serum

773

(1)

26 Protein: Albumin, Serum

773

(1)

27 Protein: Globulins, Serum

774

(1)

28 Protein: α1-Globulins

774

(1)

29 Protein: α2-Globulins

774

(1)

30 Protein: β-Globulins

774

(1)

31 Protein: γ-Globulins

774

(1)

32 Protein: Immunoglobulin IgG

775

(1)

33 Protein: Immunoglobulin IgA

775

(1)

34 Protein: Immunoglobulin IgM

775

(1)

35 Protein: Immunoglobulin IgD

776

(1)

36 Protein: Immunoglobulin IgE

776

(1)

37 Protein: Monoclonal γGlobulins

776

(1)

38 Sodium, Serum (Na+)

776

(1)

39 Triglycerides

777

(1)

40 Urea Nitrogen

777

(1)

41 Uric Acid, Serum

777

(1)

B Hematologic Data

778

(6)

1 Blood Cells

778

(1)

2 Erythrocyte Measurements

779

(2)

3 Leukocytes (WBC)

781

(3)

4 Coagulation

784

(1)

C Urinalysis

784

(3)

1 Color

785

(1)

2 Acidity

785

(1)

3 Specific Gravity

785

(1)

4 Protein

785

(1)

5 Glucose

786

(1)

6 Ketones

786

(1)

7 Urine Sediment

786

(1)

8 Casts

787

(1)

D Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

787

(1)

1 Increased CSF Protein

787

(1)

2 Decreased CSF Protein

787

(1)

3 Elevated CSF Glucose

787

(1)

4 Decreased CSF Glucose

787

(1)

5 Cell Count and Differential

788

(1)

6 Increased CSF Leukocytes

788

(1)

E Serous Body Fluids

788

(2)

1 Transudates

788

(1)

2 Exudates

788

(1)

3 Pleural Effusion

788

(1)

4 Peritoneal Effusion, Ascites

788

(1)

5 Serum/Ascites Albumin Gradient

789

(1)

6 WBC Counts

789

(1)

Appendix

790

(37)

Index

827

McGraw-Hill authors represent the leading experts in their fields and are dedicated to improving the lives, careers, and interests of readers worldwide

Professor, Department of Internal Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Diseases University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Iowa City, Iowa

DeGowin's Diagnostic Examination 11th edition [Mīkstie vāki]

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