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E-grāmata: Deployment of Rare Earth Materials in Microware Devices, RF Transmitters, and Laser Systems [Taylor & Francis e-book]

(Jha Technical Consulting Service, Cerritos, California, USA)
  • Formāts: 198 pages, 50 Illustrations, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 29-Aug-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Auerbach
  • ISBN-13: 9781315164670
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Deployment of Rare Earth Materials in Microware Devices, RF Transmitters, and Laser SystemsPalielināt
  • Formāts: 198 pages, 50 Illustrations, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 29-Aug-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Auerbach
  • ISBN-13: 9781315164670
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
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Deployment of Rare Earth Materials in Microware Devices, RF Transmitters, and Laser Systems describes the deployment of rare earth materials that offer significant improvement in the RF performance, reliability, weight, and size of microwave devices, RF transmitters, and laser systems.



Deployment of Rare Earth Materials in Microware Devices, RF Transmitters, and Laser Systems describes the deployment of rare earth materials that offer significant improvement in the RF performance, reliability, weight, and size of microwave devices, RF transmitters, and laser systems. RF components, microware transmitters, laser systems, and special timing devices are described, with an emphasis on improvement in the performance parameters.

Foreword xiii
Author xvii
Chapter 1 Properties and Applications of Rare Earth Oxides, Alloys, and Compounds
1(26)
1.0 Introduction
1(8)
1.0.1 Mining and Processing of Rare Earth Materials
1(1)
1.0.2 Mining and Processing of Rare Earth Oxides
2(1)
1.0.3 Rare Earth Oxides
3(1)
1.0.4 Estimated Worldwide Production of Rare Earth Oxides from 1950 to 2000
4(1)
1.0.5 Applications of Various Rare Earth Oxides
5(1)
Example of Dysprosium Oxides Applications
5(1)
1.0.6 Various Application of Rare Earth Isotopes
6(1)
1.0.6.1 The Dysprosium Element and Its Isotopes
6(1)
1.0.6.2 Neodymium Element and Its Isotopes
6(2)
1.0.7 Rare Earth Alloys
8(1)
1.0.8 Rare Earth Elements
8(1)
1.1 Rare Earth Compounds and Their Applications
9(15)
1.1.1 Rare Earth Alloys for High Temperature, High Strength Permanent Magnets
11(1)
1.1.2 Applications of Rare Earth Materials
12(1)
1.1.3 Critical Primary Applications of Rare Earth Elements
13(1)
1.1.3.1 Applications of Neodymium Rare Earth Metal
13(1)
1.1.3.2 Applications of Samarium Rare Earth Metal
14(1)
1.1.4 Properties and Applications of Cerium Material (Ce)
15(2)
1.1.5 Applications and Properties of Rare Earth Metal Niobium (Nb)
17(1)
1.1.6 Applications and Properties of Rare Earth Element Yttrium (Y)
17(1)
1.1.7 Properties and Applications of Rare Earth Element Ytterbium (Yb)
18(1)
1.1.8 Properties and Applications of Thorium Element (Th)
19(2)
1.1.9 Properties and Applications of Gadolinium (Gd)
21(1)
1.1.10 Characteristics of Isotopes of Gadolinium
22(1)
1.1.10.1 Properties of Terbium (Tb)
23(1)
1.1.10.2 Thorium (Th)
23(1)
1.2 Summary
24(2)
Bibliography
26(1)
Chapter 2 Deployment of Rare Earth Material in the Reactor for Electrical Power Generation
27(24)
2.0 Introduction
27(3)
2.1 Kinetic Energy of Thermal Neutrons
30(1)
2.2 Neutron Reactions and Their Production in the Nuclear Reactor
31(1)
2.3 Critical Properties of Rare Earth Elements and Emitters Produced during the Fission
31(1)
2.4 Description of the Critical Elements of a Nuclear Reactor
32(4)
2.4.1 Operational Requirements for Nuclear Reactor Materials
34(1)
2.4.2 Materials for Nuclear Fuel, Moderator, Reflector, and Thermal Shield
35(1)
2.5 Fission Products Produced in the Reactor and Their Properties
36(1)
2.6 Critical Operational Status of Nuclear Reactor
37(1)
2.7 Nuclear Reactor Operation Using Various Fuels, Moderators, and Coolants
37(1)
2.8 Radioactivity of Fission Fragments in the Reactor
38(1)
2.9 Estimate of Rate of Beta and Gamma Energy Release by Fission Products after the Reactor Shut-Down
39(4)
2.10 Most Serious Maintenance Problems Observed in Reactors around the World
43(4)
2.11 Summary
47(2)
References
49(2)
Chapter 3 Rare Earth Materials Best Suited for RF and EO Devices and Systems
51(28)
3.0 Introduction
51(11)
3.0.1 Rare Earth Doping Materials
51(1)
3.0.2 Trivalent Rare Earth Dopant Materials
52(3)
3.0.3 Properties and Applications of Potential Rare Earth Elements
55(1)
3.0.4 Rare Earth Oxides and Alloys, and Their Commercial, Industrial, and Other Applications
55(1)
3.0.4.1 Rare Earth Oxides
55(5)
3.0.4.2 Rare Earth Alloys for Permanent Magnets
60(2)
3.1 EO Systems and Devices
62(3)
3.1.1 Laser Classifications
62(1)
3.1.2 Diode-Pumped and Flash-Pumped Solid State Lasers Operating in the Lower IR Region
62(1)
3.1.3 Nd: YAG Laser for Space Communication
63(1)
3.1.3.1 Performance Parameters of Space Communication Nd: YAG Laser
63(1)
3.1.3.2 Coherent, Solid State Laser, Using InGaAsP/InP Diodes
64(1)
3.1.3.3 IR Solid State Laser Using Dual and Triple Doped Rare Earth Crystals
64(1)
3.1.3.4 Rare Earth Crystals for Mini-Lasers
64(1)
3.2 Rare Earth Elements for IR Detectors and Photovoltaic Detectors
65(1)
3.2.1 Photovoltaic Cells
65(1)
3.3 RF and IR Detectors
66(8)
3.3.1 Superconducting Detectors Operating over Wide Spectral Rages
67(1)
3.3.2 Infrared Focal Planar Arrays
67(1)
3.3.3 Electro-Optical Devices
68(1)
3.3.3.1 EO Modulator
68(1)
3.3.3.2 Fiber Optic Amplifier and Its Applications
69(3)
3.3.4 Alternate Ways to Boost the Amplifier Bandwidth
72(1)
3.3.5 Performance Capabilities of Raman Amplifiers
73(1)
3.3.5.1 Impact of Gain Ripple on Optical Link Performance
73(1)
3.3.5.2 EDFAs Operating in L- and C-Bands
74(1)
3.4 Summary
74(3)
References
77(2)
Chapter 4 Solid State RF, EO, and Millimeter Devices Incorporating Rare Earth Materials
79(28)
4.0 Introduction
79(1)
4.1 RF Components and Systems Using Rare Earth-Based Elements
79(1)
4.2 Infrared Detectors
79(4)
4.3 RF Amplifiers Using GaAs Transistors
83(1)
4.4 Wide-Band, High-Power GaN Amplifiers for Radar and Electronic Counter-Counter Measures (ECCM)
84(10)
4.4.1 Application of Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) Technology for GaN Amplifiers
85(3)
4.4.2 Advanced Material Technology Needed to Meet Thermal and Mechanical Requirements
88(1)
4.4.3 Thermal Properties of Advanced Materials for the Next Generation of GaN Amplifiers
89(1)
4.4.4 Performance Limitations of GaN Devices and High-Voltage GaN Transistor Reliability
89(1)
4.4.5 Reliability of GaN HEMT Devices
90(1)
4.4.6 Impact of Thermal Properties on the Reliability and Longevity of GaN Amplifiers
91(1)
4.4.7 Ideal Materials for Packaging and Die Attach
92(1)
4.4.8 Die-Attach Materials
92(1)
4.4.9 Mechanical Properties of Structural Materials Widely Used in High-Power Microwave Systems
93(1)
4.5 Microwave Ferrites and Their Applications in Commercial and Military Fields
94(2)
4.5.1 History of Ferrite Deployment for Various Applications
95(1)
4.5.2 Widely Deployed RF Ferrite Components in the Aerospace Industry
96(1)
4.6 High-Temperature Ceramic Capacitors Using Rare Earth Materials and Their Applications
96(2)
4.6.1 PLZT Capacitors
96(1)
4.6.2 Ni-Cofired Niobium Ceramics
97(1)
4.6.3 Base-Metal Cofired (K, Na) Nb03-Based Material
98(1)
4.7 Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) Combined with Heat Treatment to Prepare Laminated Ceramics Using Rare Earth Elements and Their Potential Applications
98(2)
4.8 Solid State RF Amplifiers for Specific Military Applications
100(1)
4.9 Summary
101(4)
References
105(2)
Chapter 5 Use of Rare Earth Materials in Ultra-Broadband Microwave and mm-Wave Receivers
107(28)
5.0 Compressive Receiver Technology
107(1)
5.1 Frequency-to-Time, Domain Formation
108(1)
5.2 Digital Signal Processing
108(2)
5.3 Comparison of Probability of Overlap (POO) of Short Pulse Signals
110(1)
5.4 Channelization Overview
110(6)
5.4.1 Dynamic Range and Speed of Spectrum Analysis
110(1)
5.4.2 Limitation on Number of Channel Deployed
111(2)
5.4.2.1 General Requirements
113(3)
5.5 Computational Power of Analog and Digital Signal Processing for Channelized Receivers
116(1)
5.6 Potential Advantages of Parallel Signal Processing Technology
116(3)
5.7 Computational Requirements for One-Dimensional Channelizers
119(12)
5.7.1 Tradeoff Studies for Potential Technologies
119(1)
5.7.2 Accurate Measure of Channelizer Computational Power (Pc)
119(2)
5.7.3 Computational Power of Analog Signal Processing for Channelized Receivers
121(1)
5.7.4 Potential for Massive Parallel Signal Processing
121(1)
5.7.5 Theoretical Limits for the Channelizer Computational Capacity
122(1)
5.7.6 Analog to Digital Converters (ADC) Device Architecture Using Rare Earth Materials and Low-Temperature Superconductor Technology
123(2)
5.7.7 Evaluation of Potential Channelization Technologies
125(1)
5.7.7.1 SAW Technology
125(1)
5.7.7.2 BAW Technology
126(1)
5.7.7.3 MSW Technology
126(3)
5.7.8 Evaluation of Two Distinct Monolithic Receiver Configurations
129(2)
5.8 Summary
131(3)
References
134(1)
Chapter 6 Use of Rare Earth Materials in mm-Wave Microwave Systems and Sensors
135(36)
6.0 Introduction
135(1)
6.1 Identification of mm-Wave Critical Systems, Components, and Sensors
135(1)
6.2 Typical Rare Earth Elements Widely Used in Microwave and mm-Wave Devices
136(1)
6.3 Rare Earth Materials Widely Deployed in Commercial, Industrial, Medical, and Defense Applications
137(1)
6.4 Summary of Properties for Critical Rare Earth Elements
137(8)
6.5 Applications of Rare Earth Oxides ZrO2 and Y2O2 in High-Power Fuel Cells
145(2)
6.6 Potential Rare Earth Oxides Best Suited for Electrolytes
147(2)
6.7 Most Common Elements Deployed in Describing Fuel Cells
149(1)
6.8 Requirements for Cathode
149(1)
6.9 Rare Earth Elements and Crystals Best Suited for Solid State IR Lasers
150(3)
6.9.1 High-Power Coherent Laser Source
151(1)
6.9.2 Use of Rare Earth-Based Quantum Well Diodes for Optical Lasers
151(2)
6.10 Deployment of Rare Earth Materials in mm-Wave Radiometers and Radar Systems
153(3)
6.10.1 Description of 90 GHz Radiometer and Its Capabilities
153(1)
6.10.2 Performance Capabilities of mm-Wave Transmitters Using Rare Earth Materials
154(1)
6.10.3 Critical Parameters of mm-Wave Radar Transmitters
154(1)
6.10.4 Operating Parameters of 95-GHz Airborne Radars
154(1)
6.10.5 Critical Tactical Radar Performance Requirements
155(1)
6.11 mm-Wave Radiometers and Their Applications
156(5)
6.11.1 System Description and Operating Requirements of the Radiometer
158(1)
6.11.2 Radiometer Scanning Capability
159(1)
6.11.3 Gunn Diode Oscillators Requirements for Mixers for Use in mm-Wave Radiometers
160(1)
6.12 mm-Wave Forward-Looking Imaging Radiometers Using GaN and InP Diodes
161(4)
6.12.1 Estimation of Radiometric Temperature as a Function of Background Surfaces under Clear and Moderate Rain Conditions
162(1)
6.12.2 Types of Tracking Radiometers for Tactical Deployment
163(1)
6.12.2.1 Angular Tracking Function
163(1)
6.12.2.2 Target Detection Function
163(2)
6.13 Summary
165(4)
References
169(2)
Index 171
A. R. Jha, PhD, has written 10 high-technology books and published more than 75 technical papers. He has worked for General Electric, Raytheon, and Northrop Grumman and has extensive and comprehensive research, development, and design experience in the fields of radar, high-power lasers, electronic warfare systems, microwaves, and MM-wave antennas for various applications, nanotechnology-based sensors and devices, photonic devices, and other electronic components for commercial, military, and space applications. Dr. Jha holds a patent for MM-wave antennas in satellite communications. He earned a BS in engineering (electrical) at Aligarh Muslim University in 1954, an MS (electrical and mechanical) at Johns Hopkins University, and a PhD at Lehigh University.
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