Table of Principal Cases |
|
xxi | |
Preface to the Second Edition |
|
xxiii | |
Preface to the First Edition |
|
xxv | |
Acknowledgments |
|
xxvii | |
Chapter 1 An Introduction to Derivatives |
|
3 | (34) |
|
|
3 | (2) |
|
1 Why Study Derivatives Law? |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
|
5 | (13) |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
2 Basic Economic Definition |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
3 Futures, Options, and Swaps Defined |
|
|
7 | (11) |
|
a Future or Forward Contract: An Example |
|
|
7 | (2) |
|
b Future or Forward Contract: How It Trades |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
c Options Contract: An Example |
|
|
10 | (3) |
|
d Option Contract: How It Trades |
|
|
13 | (1) |
|
e Swaps Contract: An Example |
|
|
14 | (2) |
|
f Swaps Contract: How It Trades |
|
|
16 | (2) |
|
C Who Trades Derivatives? |
|
|
18 | (2) |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
2 Dealers or Marketmakers |
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
D Derivatives Product Categories |
|
|
20 | (12) |
|
|
21 | (2) |
|
a Futures or Options on Agricultural Commodities |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
b Futures or Options on Excluded Commodities |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
c Futures or Options on Exempt Commodities |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
23 | (9) |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
24 | (3) |
|
Thrifty Oil Co. v. Bank of America National Trust and Savings Association |
|
|
25 | (2) |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
|
27 | (3) |
|
Deutsche Bank AG v. AMBAC Credit Products, LLC |
|
|
28 | (2) |
|
|
30 | (2) |
|
Caiola v. Citibank, N.A., New York |
|
|
30 | (2) |
|
|
32 | (1) |
|
E Practical Application of Derivatives |
|
|
32 | (4) |
|
United States General Accounting Office, Financial Derivatives-Actions Needed to Protect the Financial System |
|
|
33 | (3) |
|
|
36 | (1) |
Chapter 2 A Regulatory History of Derivatives |
|
37 | (48) |
|
|
37 | (7) |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
2 Development of Forward Markets |
|
|
38 | (2) |
|
Charles Mackay, Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds |
|
|
38 | (2) |
|
3 Development of Futures Exchanges |
|
|
40 | (2) |
|
Lynn A. Stout, Uncertainty, Dangerous Optimism, and Speculation: An Inquiry into Some Limits of Democratic Governance |
|
|
40 | (2) |
|
|
42 | (2) |
|
B The First Era of Federal Regulation, 1922-1991 |
|
|
44 | (14) |
|
1 Grain Futures Act of 1922 |
|
|
44 | (2) |
|
2 Commodity Exchange Act of 1936 |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
3 Commodity Futures Trading Commission Act of 1974 |
|
|
47 | (5) |
|
House of Representatives Committee on Agriculture, Commodity Futures Trading Commission Act of 1974 Report |
|
|
49 | (2) |
|
Alan Greenspan, Testimony of Federal Reserve Board Chairman Alan Greenspan on the Regulation of OTC Derivatives |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
4 The Shad-Johnson Accord |
|
|
52 | (6) |
|
a Jurisdictional Backdrop |
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
|
54 | (10) |
|
Chicago Mercantile Exchange v. SEC |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
United States General Accounting Office, CFTC and SEC Issues Related to the Shad-Johnson Jurisdictional Accord |
|
|
55 | (3) |
|
C Growth in the Off-Exchange Derivatives Market |
|
|
58 | (4) |
|
Sean M. Flanagan, Student Author, The Rise of a Trade Association: Group Interactions within the International Swaps and Derivatives Association |
|
|
59 | (3) |
|
D An Era of Deregulation and Growth, 1992-2007 |
|
|
62 | (15) |
|
1 Futures Trading Practices Act of 1992 |
|
|
62 | (2) |
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
3 Bankers Trust Litigation |
|
|
64 | (6) |
|
Proctor & Gamble Company v. Bankers Trust Company |
|
|
65 | (5) |
|
4 Developments Leading to the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000 |
|
|
70 | (2) |
|
5 The Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000 |
|
|
72 | (5) |
|
President's Working Group on Financial Markets, Over-the-Counter Derivatives Markets and the Commodity Exchange Act |
|
|
73 | (4) |
|
E The Second Era of Federal Regulation |
|
|
77 | (6) |
|
1 Fraud in the Foreign Exchange Market and the "Enron Loophole" |
|
|
77 | (2) |
|
a Retail Foreign Exchange |
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
b Exempt Boards of Trade and Exempt Commercial Markets |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
2 Financial Crisis of 2007-2009 |
|
|
79 | (3) |
|
Alan Greenspan, Testimony of Alan Greenspan Before House Committee of Government Oversight and Reform |
|
|
80 | (2) |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
F The Future of Derivatives Regulation |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
|
83 | (2) |
Chapter 3 The Commodity Futures Trading Commission |
|
85 | (32) |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
B The Structure of the CFTC |
|
|
85 | (4) |
|
|
85 | (2) |
|
a Appointment and Composition |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
|
87 | (2) |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
b No-Action and Other Letters |
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
|
89 | (13) |
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
2 CFTC Jurisdiction Over Commodity Futures |
|
|
90 | (8) |
|
CFTC v. Co Petro Marketing Group, Inc. |
|
|
91 | (3) |
|
|
94 | (4) |
|
3 CFTC Jurisdiction Over Off-Exchange Options and Swaps |
|
|
98 | (4) |
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
|
98 | (4) |
|
D The CFTC's Jurisdiction in Relation to Other Regulators |
|
|
102 | (10) |
|
|
102 | (3) |
|
a Securities Options and Securities Futures |
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
3 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Dispute |
|
|
106 | (3) |
|
Hunter v. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission |
|
|
107 | (2) |
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
5 Extraterritorial Limitations |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
6 Jurisdiction Shared with States |
|
|
110 | (7) |
|
Report of the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry on S. 2391 |
|
|
110 | (2) |
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
Prominent Practitioner Sidenote: William T. Bagley, Esq. |
|
|
113 | (4) |
Chapter 4 Contract Markets |
|
117 | (38) |
|
|
117 | (4) |
|
1 Prohibition on Off-Exchange Commodity Futures |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
Commodity Exchange Act § 4(a) |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
|
118 | (3) |
|
In re Amaranth Natural Gas Commodities Litigation |
|
|
119 | (2) |
|
B What Is a Designated Contract Market? |
|
|
121 | (10) |
|
|
121 | (2) |
|
2 Designation of a Board of Trade as a Contract Market |
|
|
123 | (8) |
|
|
123 | (3) |
|
Core Principles for Contract Markets |
|
|
123 | (3) |
|
|
126 | (5) |
|
American Board of Trade, Inc. v. Bagley |
|
|
126 | (3) |
|
Board of Trade of the City of Chicago v. CFTC |
|
|
129 | (2) |
|
C Designated Contract Markets as Self-Regulatory Organizations |
|
|
131 | (15) |
|
|
131 | (4) |
|
Westheimer v. Commodity Exchange, Inc. |
|
|
133 | (2) |
|
2 Liability of Designated Contract Markets |
|
|
135 | (11) |
|
|
135 | (3) |
|
New York Mercantile Exchange v. CFTC |
|
|
136 | (2) |
|
b Private Right of Action |
|
|
138 | (3) |
|
Grossman v. Citrus Association of the New York Cotton Exchange, Inc. |
|
|
138 | (3) |
|
|
141 | (18) |
|
American Agricultural Movements, Inc. v. Board of Trade of City of Chicago |
|
|
142 | (4) |
|
D Derivatives Clearing Organizations |
|
|
146 | (2) |
|
CFTC, A New Regulatory Framework for Clearing Organizations |
|
|
147 | (1) |
|
E Foreign Boards of Trade |
|
|
148 | (2) |
|
CFTC, Registration of Foreign Boards of Trade |
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
Prominent Practitioner Sidenote: Howard Schneider, Esq. |
|
|
151 | (4) |
Chapter 5 Futures and Options Market Intermediaries |
|
155 | (48) |
|
|
155 | (4) |
|
1 Operation of the Marketplace |
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
2 Role of the National Futures Association |
|
|
156 | (2) |
|
|
158 | (1) |
|
B Futures Commission Merchants |
|
|
159 | (22) |
|
|
159 | (13) |
|
a Role in Futures Trading |
|
|
159 | (1) |
|
|
159 | (2) |
|
c Regulatory Requirements |
|
|
161 | (3) |
|
Ping He (Hai Nam) Co. Ltd. v. NonFerrous Metals (U.S.A.) Inc. |
|
|
161 | (3) |
|
d The Business of Futures Commission Merchants |
|
|
164 | (8) |
|
Marchese v. Shearson Hayden Stone, Inc. |
|
|
166 | (3) |
|
CFTC, Enhancing Protections Afforded Customers and Customer Funds Held by Futures Commission Merchants and Derivatives Clearing Organizations |
|
|
169 | (3) |
|
2 Failure of Futures Commission Merchants |
|
|
172 | (9) |
|
Comex Clearing Association, Inc. v. Flo-Arb Partners |
|
|
174 | (3) |
|
Report of the Trustee's Investigation and Recommendation, In re MF Global Inc. |
|
|
177 | (4) |
|
|
181 | (12) |
|
|
181 | (7) |
|
CFTC v. Mass Media Marketing, Inc. |
|
|
182 | (6) |
|
2 Guaranteed Introducing Brokers |
|
|
188 | (5) |
|
Prestwick Capital Management, Ltd. v. Peregrine Financial Group, Inc. |
|
|
188 | (5) |
|
|
193 | (7) |
|
|
193 | (3) |
|
|
196 | (4) |
|
|
200 | (3) |
Chapter 6 Commodity Pool Operators and Commodity Trading Advisors |
|
203 | (56) |
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
1 Relation to Securities Law |
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
B Commodity Pools and Commodity Pool Operators |
|
|
204 | (11) |
|
|
204 | (8) |
|
a What Is a Commodity Pool? |
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
b What Is an "Enterprise"? |
|
|
205 | (3) |
|
Lopez v. Dean Witter Reynolds, Inc. |
|
|
205 | (3) |
|
|
208 | (4) |
|
CFTC v. Williams D. Perkins |
|
|
209 | (3) |
|
2 Commodity Pool Operators |
|
|
212 | (3) |
|
CFTC v. Equity Financial Group, LLC |
|
|
212 | (3) |
|
C Commodity Trading Advisors |
|
|
215 | (19) |
|
1 Commodity Trading Advisors |
|
|
215 | (1) |
|
|
216 | (12) |
|
|
217 | (6) |
|
|
223 | (5) |
|
3 Private Right of Action for Failure to Register as a CTA |
|
|
228 | (6) |
|
S & A Farms, Inc. v. Farms.com, Inc. |
|
|
229 | (5) |
|
D Private Funds and Exemptions to Registration as Commodity Pool Operators and Commodity Trading Advisors |
|
|
234 | (22) |
|
|
234 | (9) |
|
SEC, Implications of the Growth of Hedge Funds |
|
|
235 | (8) |
|
|
243 | (5) |
|
Investment Company Institute v. CFTC |
|
|
244 | (4) |
|
3 CFTC Rules 4.7 and 4.12 |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
|
249 | (5) |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
|
250 | (1) |
|
|
250 | (5) |
|
CFTC, Commodity Pool Operators and Commodity Trading Advisors: Amendments to Compliance Obligations |
|
|
251 | (3) |
|
5 Commodity Exchange Act §§ 4m(1) and (3) |
|
|
254 | (1) |
|
|
255 | (6) |
|
Exemption from Registration as a Commodity Trading Advisor |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
|
256 | (3) |
Chapter 7 Introduction to the Regulation of Swaps and Prohibited Swap Transactions |
|
259 | (34) |
|
|
259 | (2) |
|
B Impetus for the Dodd-Frank Act's Regulation of Swaps |
|
|
261 | (13) |
|
|
261 | (7) |
|
Congressional Oversight Panel, March Oversight Report |
|
|
261 | (5) |
|
Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report |
|
|
266 | (2) |
|
2 Derivatives and the Financial Crisis |
|
|
268 | (6) |
|
Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations, Wall Street and the Financial Crisis: Anatomy of a Financial Collapse |
|
|
268 | (6) |
|
C Asset-Backed Swap Push-Out |
|
|
274 | (3) |
|
Gary E. Kalbaugh and Alexander F.L. Sand, Cutting Back: Revisions to Dodd-Frank Derivatives Rules |
|
|
274 | (3) |
|
|
277 | (7) |
|
Hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs, Prohibiting Certain High-Risk Investment Activities by Banks and Bank Holding Companies: Statement of Paul Volcker |
|
|
278 | (2) |
|
Officer of the Comptroller of the Currency, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, and the SEC, Prohibitions and Restrictions on Proprietary Trading and Certain Interests in, and Relationships with, Hedge Funds and Private Equity Funds |
|
|
280 | (4) |
|
E Retail Swaps Prohibition |
|
|
284 | (3) |
|
1 Historical Function of Eligible Contract Participant Definition |
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
2 Eligible Contract Participants |
|
|
285 | (8) |
|
Definition of Eligible Contract Participant |
|
|
285 | (2) |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
Prominent Practitioner Sidenote: Richard A. Miller, Esq. |
|
|
288 | (5) |
Chapter 8 Swaps Markets |
|
293 | (34) |
|
|
293 | (1) |
|
|
293 | (1) |
|
2 Impact of the Dodd-Frank Act |
|
|
293 | (1) |
|
B Derivatives Clearing Organizations and the Clearing Requirement |
|
|
294 | (11) |
|
1 Derivatives Clearing Organizations |
|
|
294 | (1) |
|
|
295 | (3) |
|
a CFTC Initiated Clearing Determination |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
b Derivatives Clearing Organization Initiated Clearing Determination |
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
|
298 | (4) |
|
|
298 | (2) |
|
b Non-Financial Entities and Financial Entities |
|
|
300 | (1) |
|
c Application of the Clearing Exemption |
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
4 Public Policy Motivations |
|
|
302 | (3) |
|
Ben S. Bernanke, Clearinghouses, Financial Stability, and Financial Reform |
|
|
302 | (3) |
|
C Swap Execution Facilities and the On-Facility Trading Requirement |
|
|
305 | (6) |
|
1 Swap Execution Facilities |
|
|
305 | (2) |
|
|
305 | (2) |
|
b Swap Execution Facility Core Principles |
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
2 On-Facility Trading Requirement |
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
|
308 | (3) |
|
Gary Gensler, Remarks of Chairman Gary Gensler at Swap Execution Facility Conference: Bringing Transparency and Access to Markets |
|
|
308 | (3) |
|
D Treatment of Swaps Compared to Treatment of Futures |
|
|
311 | (10) |
|
|
311 | (5) |
|
|
311 | (5) |
|
2 Derivatives Clearing Organization Selection |
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
|
316 | (5) |
|
truEX, LLC v. MarkitSERV Ltd. |
|
|
316 | (5) |
|
E Reporting Requirements and Swap Data Repositories |
|
|
321 | (4) |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
a Real-Time Public Reporting |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
b Regulatory Reporting Requirements |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
|
322 | (5) |
|
DTCC Data Repository (U.S.) LLC v. CFTC |
|
|
323 | (2) |
|
|
325 | (2) |
Chapter 9 Swap Entity Registrants |
|
327 | (28) |
|
|
327 | (5) |
|
1 Newly Created CFTC Registration Categories |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
2 Treatment of Existing CFTC Registration Categories |
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
a Swaps Trigger Registration |
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
b CFTC Oversight of Swap Activities of Registrants |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
3 Comparison to Historical Market Practices |
|
|
329 | (2) |
|
Bank One Corporation v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue |
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
4 Role of National Futures Association |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
|
332 | (5) |
|
CFTC and SEC, Further Definition of "Swap Dealer," "Security-Based Swap Dealer," "Major Swap Participant," "Major Security-Based Swap Participant" and "Eligible Contract Participant" |
|
|
334 | (3) |
|
C Major Swap Participants |
|
|
337 | (6) |
|
|
337 | (3) |
|
Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry, Reforming U.S. Financial Market Regulation |
|
|
338 | (2) |
|
|
340 | (3) |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
b Substantial Position Test and the Serious Adverse Affects Test |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
d Major Swap Participant De Minimis Exception |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
D Entity Level Obligations of Registrants |
|
|
343 | (9) |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
3 Chief Compliance Officer |
|
|
344 | (4) |
|
|
345 | (3) |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
|
349 | (7) |
|
In the Matter of INTL FCStone Markets, LLC |
|
|
349 | (3) |
|
|
352 | (3) |
Chapter 10 Uncleared Swaps |
|
355 | (48) |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
B External Business Conduct Requirements |
|
|
356 | (4) |
|
1 Verification of Counterparty Status |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
2 Disclosures and Communications to Counterparties |
|
|
356 | (3) |
|
a Disclosure Requirements |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
|
357 | (3) |
|
CFTC, Business Conduct Standards for Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants with Counterparties |
|
|
357 | (2) |
|
3 Recommendations and Suitability |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
C External Business Conduct Requirements with "Special Entities" |
|
|
360 | (7) |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
2 Requirements When Acting as Counterparty to a Special Entity |
|
|
360 | (5) |
|
a Representative Requirements |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
b Limitation on Political Contributions |
|
|
361 | (4) |
|
|
362 | (3) |
|
3 Requirements When Acting as Advisor to a Special Entity |
|
|
365 | (2) |
|
CFTC; Business Conduct Standards for Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants with Counterparties |
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
D Other Regulations Applying to Uncleared Swaps |
|
|
367 | (15) |
|
1 Variation Margin and Initial Margin |
|
|
367 | (9) |
|
CFTC, Margin Requirements for Uncleared Swaps for Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
VCG Special Opportunities Master Fund v. Citibank, N.A. |
|
|
369 | (4) |
|
|
373 | (2) |
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
|
376 | (3) |
|
|
377 | (2) |
|
3 Portfolio Reconciliation and Compression |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
4 Swap Trading Relationship Documentation |
|
|
380 | (2) |
|
CFTC, Confirmation, Portfolio Reconciliation, Portfolio Compression, and Swap Trading Relationship Documentation Requirements for Swap Dealers and Major Swap Participants |
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
E Documentation of Uncleared Swaps |
|
|
382 | (15) |
|
1 ISDA Documentation and the Negotiation Thereof |
|
|
382 | (14) |
|
Gary E. Kalbaugh and Richard A. Miller, Master Agreements for OTC Derivatives |
|
|
382 | (14) |
|
|
396 | (1) |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
|
397 | (1) |
|
Prominent Practitioner Sidenote: Robert G. Pickel, Esq. |
|
|
398 | (5) |
Chapter 11 Bankruptcy |
|
403 | (52) |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
B Bankruptcy Code Provisions Applicable to Futures and Swaps |
|
|
403 | (35) |
|
In re National Gas Distributors, LLC |
|
|
404 | (5) |
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
|
410 | (15) |
|
|
411 | (10) |
|
Lehman Brothers Special Financing Inc. v. BNY Corporate Trustee Services Limited (In re Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc.) |
|
|
411 | (5) |
|
Michigan State Housing Development Authority v. Lehman Brothers Derivatives Products Inc. (In re Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc.) |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
Lehman Brothers Special Financing Inc. v. Bank of America National Association (In re Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc.) |
|
|
417 | (4) |
|
b Timing Requirements and Payment Suspension |
|
|
421 | (4) |
|
|
421 | (3) |
|
In re Lehman Brothers Holdings, Inc. |
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
|
425 | (5) |
|
FTI Consulting v. Merit Management Group |
|
|
427 | (3) |
|
|
430 | (8) |
|
|
431 | (4) |
|
Swedbank AB (PUBL) v. Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. (In re Lehman Bros. Holdings Inc.) |
|
|
435 | (3) |
|
C Application to Futures and Cleared Swaps |
|
|
438 | (7) |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
|
440 | (5) |
|
In re Griffin Trading Company |
|
|
440 | (5) |
|
D Cross-Border Issues in Bankruptcy Disputes Relating to Swaps |
|
|
445 | (3) |
|
In re Petition of the Board of Directors of Compania General de Combustibles S.A. |
|
|
445 | (3) |
|
|
448 | (5) |
|
Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Study on the Resolution of Financial Companies under the Bankruptcy Code |
|
|
448 | (5) |
|
|
453 | (2) |
Chapter 12 Foreign Exchange Transactions, Retail Leveraged Commodities, Commodity Options, and Virtual Currency |
|
455 | (30) |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
B Foreign Exchange and Retail Commodity Transactions |
|
|
455 | (14) |
|
1 Evolution of Regulation of Foreign Exchange Transactions |
|
|
457 | (4) |
|
|
457 | (2) |
|
|
457 | (2) |
|
b Limited Authority over Retail Foreign Exchange |
|
|
459 | (2) |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
2 Regulation of Retail Foreign Exchange Transactions |
|
|
461 | (4) |
|
Written Testimony of CFTC Acting Chairman Walter Lukken |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
CFTC, Regulation of Off-Exchange Retail Foreign Exchange Transactions and Intermediaries |
|
|
463 | (2) |
|
3 Regulation of Leveraged Commodity Transactions |
|
|
465 | (4) |
|
|
466 | (3) |
|
C Non-Retail Foreign Exchange Transactions |
|
|
469 | (4) |
|
Department of the Treasury, Determination of Foreign Exchange Swaps and Foreign Exchange Forwards under the Commodity Exchange Act |
|
|
470 | (3) |
|
|
473 | (6) |
|
Gary E. Kalbaugh, The Erratic Journey of U.S. Commodity Options Regulation |
|
|
473 | (6) |
|
|
479 | (4) |
|
Gary E. Kalbaugh, Virtual Currency, Not a Currency? |
|
|
480 | (3) |
|
|
483 | (2) |
Chapter 13 Public Enforcement of Fraud and Market Manipulation |
|
485 | (64) |
|
|
485 | (2) |
|
B General Fraud Prohibition |
|
|
487 | (11) |
|
|
487 | (4) |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
b Sanctions and Statute of Limitation |
|
|
488 | (3) |
|
|
489 | (2) |
|
|
491 | (7) |
|
United States v. Abrahams |
|
|
492 | (3) |
|
United States v. Wasendorf |
|
|
495 | (3) |
|
C Market Manipulation Generally |
|
|
498 | (11) |
|
1 Civil Prohibitions on Market Manipulation |
|
|
499 | (5) |
|
Commodity Exchange Act § 6(c) |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
In the Matter of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. |
|
|
500 | (4) |
|
2 Criminal Prohibitions on Market Manipulation |
|
|
504 | (5) |
|
United States v. Reliant Energy |
|
|
505 | (4) |
|
D Types of Market Abuse and Manipulation |
|
|
509 | (38) |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
2 Wash Sales, Fictitious Trades, and Order Bucketing |
|
|
509 | (13) |
|
|
510 | (5) |
|
|
510 | (3) |
|
In the Matter of TeraExchange LLC |
|
|
513 | (2) |
|
|
515 | (3) |
|
In the Matter of Absa Bank, Ltd. |
|
|
516 | (2) |
|
|
518 | (4) |
|
|
518 | (4) |
|
|
522 | (11) |
|
CFTC, Antidisruptive Practices Authority |
|
|
522 | (3) |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
|
525 | (8) |
|
United States v. Michael Coscia |
|
|
525 | (8) |
|
4 Position Limits and Cornering |
|
|
533 | (16) |
|
|
533 | (2) |
|
|
533 | (2) |
|
b Position Limits Imposed by Designated Contract Markets |
|
|
535 | (5) |
|
In re Amaranth Natural Gas Commodities Litigation |
|
|
536 | (4) |
|
c Position Limits and Swaps |
|
|
540 | (4) |
|
International Swaps and Derivatives Association v. CFTC |
|
|
540 | (4) |
|
|
544 | (5) |
|
In the Matter of Fenchurch Capital Management, Ltd. |
|
|
545 | (2) |
|
|
547 | (2) |
Chapter 14 Private Enforcement |
|
549 | (28) |
|
A Private Right of Action |
|
|
549 | (18) |
|
1 Before the Futures Trading Act of 1982 |
|
|
549 | (2) |
|
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc. v. Curran |
|
|
549 | (2) |
|
2 Futures Trading Act of 1982 |
|
|
551 | (16) |
|
House of Representatives Report on the Futures Trading Act of 1982 |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
a Claims against Market Participants |
|
|
553 | (10) |
|
Nicholas v. Saul Stone & Co. LLC |
|
|
554 | (5) |
|
|
559 | (4) |
|
b Claims Against Registered Entities and the National Futures Association |
|
|
563 | (4) |
|
Klein & Co. Futures, Inc. v. Board of Trade of City of New York |
|
|
564 | (3) |
|
B Reparation Proceedings and Arbitration |
|
|
567 | (8) |
|
|
567 | (4) |
|
|
568 | (3) |
|
|
571 | (6) |
|
Ikon Global Markets, Inc. v. CFTC |
|
|
571 | (4) |
|
|
575 | (2) |
Chapter 15 Cross-Border Issues |
|
577 | (34) |
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
B Framework for International Derivatives Cooperation |
|
|
577 | (3) |
|
|
577 | (3) |
|
Group of Twenty, Leaders' Statement |
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
a Financial Stability Board |
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
b OTC Derivatives Working Group |
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
2 International Organization of Securities Commissions |
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
C Extraterritorial Limit of the CFTC's Jurisdiction Generally |
|
|
580 | (14) |
|
1 The Historic "Conduct and Effects" Test |
|
|
581 | (2) |
|
Psimenos v. E.F. Hutton & Company, Inc. |
|
|
581 | (2) |
|
2 Presumption Against Extraterritoriality |
|
|
583 | (11) |
|
|
583 | (4) |
|
Morrison v. National Australia Bank, Ltd. |
|
|
584 | (3) |
|
b Presumption Applied to the Commodity Exchange Act |
|
|
587 | (8) |
|
Starshinova v. Batratchenko |
|
|
588 | (2) |
|
Loginovskaya v. Batratchenko |
|
|
590 | (4) |
|
3 Foreign Boards of Trade |
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
D Extraterritorial Limit of the CFTC's Jurisdiction Over Swaps |
|
|
594 | (14) |
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
2 CFTC's Position Generally |
|
|
595 | (5) |
|
Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association v. CFTC |
|
|
595 | (5) |
|
3 What Is a U.S. Person in the Context of Swaps? |
|
|
600 | (5) |
|
a Principal Place of Business |
|
|
600 | (4) |
|
CFTC, Interpretive Guidance and Policy Statement Regarding Compliance with Certain Swap Regulations |
|
|
600 | (4) |
|
b Treatment of Bank Branches |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
4 Special Treatment of Non-U.S. Persons' Trades with U.S. Persons |
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
|
605 | (6) |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
c Comparability Determinations |
|
|
606 | (2) |
|
|
608 | (3) |
Chapter 16 Security-Based Swaps |
|
611 | (34) |
|
|
611 | (11) |
|
1 The SEC and CFTC Regimes Compared |
|
|
611 | (7) |
|
CFTC and SEC, A Joint Report of the SEC and the CFTC on Harmonization of Regulation |
|
|
613 | (5) |
|
2 Definition of Security-Based Swap |
|
|
618 | (4) |
|
|
618 | (1) |
|
b Relationship to Definition of "Security" |
|
|
619 | (4) |
|
SEC, Exemptions for Security-Based Swaps |
|
|
619 | (3) |
|
B Status of SEC Rulemaking |
|
|
622 | (5) |
|
|
623 | (4) |
|
a Definition and Registration of Security-Based Swap Entity Registrants |
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
b Reporting and Verification of Trades |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
c Registration and Regulatory Framework for Security-Based Swap Data Repositories |
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
e Chief Compliance Officer |
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
2 Significant Remaining Rules |
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
C Current Application of SEC Regulatory Regime to Security-Based Swaps |
|
|
627 | (16) |
|
|
627 | (5) |
|
|
628 | (4) |
|
2 Extent of Extraterritorial Jurisdiction |
|
|
632 | (7) |
|
Parkcentral Global Hub Limited v. Porsche Automobile Holdings SE |
|
|
632 | (7) |
|
3 Prohibition of Retail Security-Based Swaps |
|
|
639 | (4) |
|
In the Matter of Forcerank LLC |
|
|
639 | (4) |
|
D Documentation of Security-Based Swaps |
|
|
643 | (1) |
|
|
643 | (2) |
Commodity Exchange Act to United States Code Conversion Table |
|
645 | (4) |
Glossary |
|
649 | (10) |
Index |
|
659 | |