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E-grāmata: Design and Development of Web Information Systems

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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Apr-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783662588246
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Design and Development of Web Information SystemsPalielināt
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Apr-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783662588246
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This book describes the research of the authors over more than a decade on an end-to-end methodology for the design and development of Web Information Systems (WIS). It covers syntactics, semantics and pragmatics of WIS, introduces sophisticated concepts for conceptual modelling, provides integrated foundations for all these concepts and integrates them into the co-design method for systematic WIS development. WIS, i.e. data-intensive information systems that are realized in a way that arbitrary users can access them via web browsers, constitute a prominent class of information systems, for which acceptance by its a priori unknown users in varying contexts with respect to the presented content, the ease of functionality provided and the attraction of the layout adds novel challenges for modelling, design and development.

This book is structured into four parts. Part I, Web Information Systems – General Aspects, gives a general introduction to WIS describing the challenges for their development, and provides a characterization by six decisive aspects: intention, usage, content, functionality, context and presentation. Part II, High-Level WIS Design – Strategic Analysis and Usage Modelling with Storyboarding, introduces methods for high-level design of WIS covering strategic aspects and the storyboarding method, which is discussed from syntactic, semantic and pragmatic perspectives. Part III, Conceptual WIS Design – Rigorous Modelling of Web Information Systems and their Layout with Web Interaction Types and Screenography, continues with conceptual design of WIS including layout and playout. This introduces the decisive web interaction types, the screenography method and adaptation aspects. The final Part IV, Rationale of the Co-Design Methodology and Systematic Development of Web Information Systems, describes the co-design method for WIS development and its application for the systematic engineering of systems.

The book addresses the research community, and at the same time can be used for education of graduate students and as methodological support for professional WIS developers. For the WIS research community it provides methods for WIS modelling on all levels of abstraction including theoretical foundations and inference mechanisms as well as a sophisticated end-to-end methodology for systematic WIS engineering from requirements elicitation over conceptual modelling to aspects of implementation, layout and playout. For students and professional developers the book can be used as a whole for educational courses on WIS design and development, as well as for more specific courses on conceptual modelling of WIS, WIS foundations and reasoning, co-design and WIS engineering or WIS layout and playout development.
Part I Web Information Systems - General Aspects
1 The Co-Design Framework
3(30)
1.1 Conceptual Modelling and Design
4(6)
1.1.1 Modelling Web Information Systems
4(2)
1.1.2 Context Modelling
6(1)
1.1.3 Large, Distributed and Cooperative Systems
7(1)
1.1.4 Categories of Web Information Systems
8(2)
1.2 Characteristics of Web Information Systems
10(10)
1.2.1 Intention
10(3)
1.2.2 Usage
13(2)
1.2.3 Content
15(1)
1.2.4 Functionality
16(2)
1.2.5 Context
18(1)
1.2.6 Presentation
19(1)
1.3 Abstraction Layers in WIS Modelling and Design
20(7)
1.3.1 Strategic Layer
21(1)
1.3.2 Business Layer
22(2)
1.3.3 Conceptual Layer
24(2)
1.3.4 Presentation Layer
26(1)
1.3.5 Implementation Layer
26(1)
1.4 Bibliographical Remarks
27(6)
1.4.1 General Literature on Web Information Systems
27(1)
1.4.2 The Co-Design Framework
27(6)
Part II High Level WIS Design - Strategic Analysis and Usage Modelling with Storyboarding
2 Strategic WIS Modelling
33(28)
2.1 General Characterisation of a WIS
34(12)
2.1.1 Mission Statement and Brand
34(3)
2.1.2 Utilisation Space
37(3)
2.1.3 Utilisation Portfolio
40(2)
2.1.4 Utilisation Context
42(2)
2.1.5 The Atmosphere of a WIS
44(2)
2.2 Strategic Analysis
46(11)
2.2.1 Linguistic Analysis Using Word Fields
46(4)
2.2.2 Communication Analysis
50(3)
2.2.3 Metaphors
53(4)
2.3 Bibliographical Remarks
57(4)
3 Storyboarding
61(50)
3.1 Story Spaces
62(29)
3.1.1 Scenario Modelling
62(4)
3.1.2 Examples in E-Business and E-Learning
66(2)
3.1.3 Adding Details to Actions and Scenes
68(3)
3.1.4 Hierarchies of Scenes
71(4)
3.1.5 Plots and Story Algebras
75(5)
3.1.6 Examples of Plots
80(3)
3.1.7 Alternative Representations for Scenarios and Plots
83(8)
3.2 Actor Modelling
91(12)
3.2.1 Information Portfolios
92(1)
3.2.2 Roles, Rights and Obligations
93(3)
3.2.3 User Profiles and Types
96(7)
3.3 Task Modelling
103(3)
3.3.1 Tasks and Subtasks
103(1)
3.3.2 Representation Means for Tasks
104(2)
3.4 The Complete View of Storyboards
106(1)
3.5 Bibliographical Remarks
107(4)
4 Semantics and Inferences on Storyboarding
111(22)
4.1 Story Algebra and Personalisation
111(17)
4.1.1 Formalisation of Scenarios and Plots
112(3)
4.1.2 Customisation with Respect to Preferences and Goals
115(3)
4.1.3 Conditional Term Rewriting on KATs
118(6)
4.1.4 Church Rosser Property
124(4)
4.2 Compatibility of Preference Rules with Deontic Constraints
128(3)
4.3 Bibliographical Remarks
131(2)
5 Pragmatics of Storyboarding
133(68)
5.1 The Role of Pragmatics
134(3)
5.1.1 Conceptual Structures in Web Information Systems
135(1)
5.1.2 Information Versus Content
136(1)
5.2 Usage Analysis
137(32)
5.2.1 Facets of Intention
138(6)
5.2.2 Life Cases
144(8)
5.2.3 User Models
152(6)
5.2.4 Actor Portfolios
158(11)
5.3 WIS Portfolios
169(11)
5.3.1 Information Need and Demand
170(1)
5.3.2 The Concept of Persona
171(3)
5.3.3 Content-Centred Analysis
174(3)
5.3.4 Content Chunks for the Entry Scene
177(2)
5.3.5 Story Portfolios
179(1)
5.4 Contexts and Metaphors
180(18)
5.4.1 Contexts of Web Information Systems
181(9)
5.4.2 Towards Context Theory
190(3)
5.4.3 The Metaphor Concept for Web Information Systems
193(2)
5.4.4 Application of Metaphors in Storyboarding
195(3)
5.5 Bibliographical Remarks
198(3)
6 Categories of Web Information Systems
201(58)
6.1 E-Business and E-Commerce
201(11)
6.1.1 Branding
202(1)
6.1.2 Actor Specification
203(1)
6.1.3 Action Verb Fields and Scenarios
204(1)
6.1.4 Elicitation Strategy
205(4)
6.1.5 Supporting Features
209(3)
6.2 Communities and Groups
212(10)
6.2.1 Branding
213(1)
6.2.2 Actor Specification
214(2)
6.2.3 Verb Fields, Functionality and Scenarios
216(5)
6.2.4 Content Chunks
221(1)
6.3 Entertainment and Gaming Systems
222(3)
6.4 Identity and Personal Presentation
225(10)
6.4.1 Branding
225(6)
6.4.2 Word Fields and Scenarios
231(3)
6.4.3 Adaptation
234(1)
6.5 Learning and Edutainment
235(9)
6.5.1 Branding
236(1)
6.5.2 Word Fields and Learning Scenarios
237(5)
6.5.3 Supporting Features
242(2)
6.6 Information Services and Infotainment
244(10)
6.6.1 Storyboard Development
245(4)
6.6.2 System Organisation
249(1)
6.6.3 Life Cases and Derived Functionality
250(4)
6.7 Bibliographical Remarks
254(5)
Part III Conceptual WIS Design - Rigorous Modelling of Web Information Systems and Their Layout with Web Interaction Types and Screenography
7 Web Interaction Types
259(40)
7.1 Interaction Types
261(23)
7.1.1 Capturing Information Consumption
262(1)
7.1.2 Coupling with Databases
263(5)
7.1.3 Entity-Relationship-Based Interaction Types
268(5)
7.1.4 Operations on Interaction Types
273(7)
7.1.5 Alternative Form-Based Approaches
280(4)
7.2 Adaptivity
284(7)
7.2.1 Cohesion Preorders
285(2)
7.2.2 Proximity Values
287(1)
7.2.3 Adaptation of Operations
288(1)
7.2.4 Adaptivity by Means of Aggregation Operations
289(2)
7.2.5 Ada,ptivity Extension
291(1)
7.3 Granularity
291(3)
7.3.1 Hierarchical Versions
291(2)
7.3.2 Adaptation of Operations
293(1)
7.4 Web Interaction Schemata
294(1)
7.5 Bibliographical Remarks
295(4)
8 Advanced Web Interaction Concepts
299(14)
8.1 Extensions to Web Interaction Types
299(7)
8.1.1 Measuring Systems and Ordering
299(2)
8.1.2 Presentation Options
301(2)
8.1.3 Contexts
303(2)
8.1.4 Extended Web Interaction Schemata
305(1)
8.2 Session Support, Navigation Contexts and Collaboration
306(6)
8.2.1 Web Interaction Types Associated with a Session
307(1)
8.2.2 Context Injection
308(1)
8.2.3 Collaboration in Web Information Systems
309(3)
8.3 Bibliographical Remarks
312(1)
9 Screenography
313(22)
9.1 Development Prerequisites
314(2)
9.2 Elements of Screenography
316(4)
9.2.1 Atmosphere
316(1)
9.2.2 Atmospheric Effect of Colour Schemes
317(1)
9.2.3 Layout Patterns
318(1)
9.2.4 Grid Geometry
319(1)
9.3 Cognitive Aspects of Screenography for Layout
320(4)
9.3.1 Principles of Visual Communication
321(1)
9.3.2 Principles of Visual Cognition
322(1)
9.3.3 Principles of Visual Design
323(1)
9.4 Application of Screenography: Case Study
324(1)
9.5 Screenography Guidelines and Frames
325(8)
9.5.1 Web Page Pattern
327(2)
9.5.2 Web Page Grids
329(4)
9.6 Bibliographical Remarks
333(2)
10 Adaptation of Presentation to Culture
335(42)
10.1 Understanding Cultural Differences
336(2)
10.1.1 The Layered Structure of Culture
336(1)
10.1.2 Kinds of Culture
337(1)
10.2 Cultural Stereotypes
338(8)
10.2.1 The Hofstede Model of Cultures
339(1)
10.2.2 The Lewis Model of Cultures
339(2)
10.2.3 Multidimensional Aspects of Culture
341(3)
10.2.4 Cultural Stereotypes and WIS
344(2)
10.3 Presentation Cultures
346(7)
10.3.1 Deriving Guidelines for Presentation from Stereotypes
346(1)
10.3.2 Cultural Stereotypes, User Models and Information System Design
347(4)
10.3.3 Cultural Stereotypes and Their Utilisation for System Development
351(2)
10.4 Technologies for Realisation of Culture-Aware Systems
353(20)
10.4.1 Culture-Aware Storyboards
354(2)
10.4.2 Culture-Aware Content
356(3)
10.4.3 Culture-Aware Functionality: Search
359(14)
10.5 Bibliographical Remarks
373(4)
Part IV Rationale of the Co-Design Methodology and Systematic Development of Web Information Systems
11 The Co-Design Methodology
377(52)
11.1 Co-Design of Schema-Centric Database Systems: The Local-as-View Approach
379(19)
11.1.1 Static Integrity Constraints
382(1)
11.1.2 Representation Alternatives
383(1)
11.1.3 Dynamic Integrity Constraints
384(1)
11.1.4 Specification of Workflows
385(1)
11.1.5 View Towers for Information Systems
386(12)
11.2 Co-Design of Socio-Technical Systems: Database Services in the Task-Centred Approach
398(9)
11.2.1 Concerns for Web Information Systems
401(2)
11.2.2 Application- and User-Driven Design of Systems
403(1)
11.2.3 Services that Satisfy the User Demand
404(1)
11.2.4 Task-Centred Development for Database Systems as a Service
405(1)
11.2.5 Database and Knowledge Base Systems that Support Services
405(2)
11.3 Co-Design of Distributed Database Systems: The Global-as-View Approach to Collaboration
407(3)
11.3.1 Collaboration of Distributed Systems
407(1)
11.3.2 Architectures for Distribution
408(1)
11.3.3 Coordination Specification and Contracts
409(1)
11.3.4 Exchange Frames for Distribution
410(1)
11.4 The Story Space in the Co-Design Approach
410(7)
11.4.1 The Story Space
411(1)
11.4.2 Natural Language Dialogues
412(3)
11.4.3 Web Interaction Types for Information-Intensive Systems
415(1)
11.4.4 The Onion Approach to Website Realisation
415(2)
11.5 Transformation of Web Information Systems
417(7)
11.5.1 Mapping of the Website Specification to Business Layer Models
420(1)
11.5.2 Web Page Extraction
420(1)
11.5.3 Configuration of the Web Page to User Context by Containers
421(3)
11.6 Bibliographical Remarks
424(5)
12 Web Information Systems Engineering
429(42)
12.1 The SPICE Methodology to Development of WIS
430(27)
12.1.1 Application Domain Description, Requirements Prescription and Systems Specification
430(6)
12.1.2 Dimensions for WIS Engineering
436(11)
12.1.3 Work Products of WIS Engineering
447(4)
12.1.4 The Relationship of WIS Engineering to SPICE
451(1)
12.1.5 Orchestration of WIS Development for Managed Engineering
452(1)
12.1.6 Evolving the Co-Design Framework by SPICE
453(4)
12.2 Architectures of Web Information Systems
457(8)
12.2.1 An Architectural Framework
457(3)
12.2.2 Architecture-Driven Development
460(3)
12.2.3 Pattern-Based Development
463(1)
12.2.4 Architecture Blueprint
463(1)
12.2.5 The CottbusNet Design and Development Decisions
463(2)
12.3 WIS Development Dimensions
465(4)
12.3.1 Primary WIS Development Dimensions
465(1)
12.3.2 Secondary WIS Development Dimensions
465(1)
12.3.3 The Quality of WIS
466(2)
12.3.4 The Semiotics Background and Pragmatism
468(1)
12.4 Bibliographical Remarks
469(2)
13 Systematic Development of Web Information Systems
471(60)
13.1 Application Domain Description
472(15)
13.1.1 Application Domain Description and Requirements Statement
472(9)
13.1.2 Contracting and Documenting
481(6)
13.2 Architecture Design
487(10)
13.2.1 Architectures and WIS Development
487(5)
13.2.2 Architecture-Driven Engineering
492(5)
13.3 Requirements Analysis
497(11)
13.3.1 WIS Requirements Analysis
497(9)
13.3.2 Companion Activities at Requirements Prescription Layer
506(2)
13.4 Presentation System Specification
508(8)
13.5 WIS Specification (Design and Development)
516(10)
13.6 Bibliographical Remarks
526(5)
13.6.1 WIS Development
526(3)
13.6.2 Realisation of Web Information Systems
529(2)
Bibliography 531(50)
Index 581
Klaus-Dieter Schewe is Professor at the UIUC Institute of Zhejiang University. Before he had worked as Professor of Computer Science at the Technical University of Clausthal, Massey University and Johannes Kepler University Linz as well as in industrial and non-university research organisations of Philips Research Laboratory Hamburg and Software Competence Center Hagenberg. His main fields of research cover rigorous methods, logic and semantics, data and knowledge base theory, distributed and hybrid systems, and conceptual modelling, in particular web information systems. He received several awards as distinguished researcher in New Zealand and Austria. Bernhard Thalheim is Full Professor of Databases and Information Systems at Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and honorary Kolmogorov Professor at Moscow State University Lomonossov. Before being appointed to Kiel he worked as Professor at the Universities of Dresden, Rostock and Cottbus. His main fields of research cover databases and information systems, and conceptual modelling, in particular web information systems and foundations of modelling. He is author of the book Entity-relationship modeling - foundations of database technology.
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