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E-grāmata: Designed for Death: Controlling Killer Robots

  • Formāts: 235 pages
  • Sērija : Ethics and Robotics
  • Izdošanas datums: 19-Sep-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Trivent Publishing
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9786156405388
  • Formāts - PDF+DRM
  • Cena: 107,07 €*
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  • Formāts: 235 pages
  • Sērija : Ethics and Robotics
  • Izdošanas datums: 19-Sep-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Trivent Publishing
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9786156405388

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Autonomous weapons systems, often referred to as 'killer robots', have been a hallmark of popular imagination for decades. However, with the inexorable advance of artificial intelligence systems (AI) and robotics, killer robots are quickly becoming a reality. These lethal technologies can learn, adapt, and potentially make life and death decisions on the battlefield with little-to-no human involvement. This naturally leads to not only legal but ethical concerns as to whether we can meaningful control such machines, and if so, then how. Such concerns are made even more poignant by the ever-present fear that something may go wrong, and the machine may carry out some action(s) violating the ethics or laws of war.

Researchers, policymakers, and designers are caught in the quagmire of how to approach these highly controversial systems and to figure out what exactly it means to have meaningful human control over them, if at all.

In Designed for Death, Dr Steven Umbrello aims to not only produce a realistic but also an optimistic guide for how, with human values in mind, we can begin to design killer robots. Drawing on the value sensitive design (VSD) approach to technology innovation, Umbrello argues that context is king and that a middle path for designing killer robots is possible if we consider both ethics and design as fundamentally linked. Umbrello moves beyond the binary debates of whether or not to prohibit killer robots and instead offers a more nuanced perspective of which types of killer robots may be both legally and ethically acceptable, when they would be acceptable, and how to design for them.
Foreword 1(4)
Editor's Foreword 5(2)
Preface 7(4)
Introduction 11(20)
No Terminators, Yet
16(2)
Meaningful Human Control
18(3)
Preliminary Assumptions
21(2)
The Lay of the Land
23(8)
Chapter 1 What are Autonomous Weapons Systems?
31(18)
Autonomous Vehicles
33(1)
Trolley Cases and Autonomous Vehicles
34(4)
Clear and Present Danger
38(3)
Difficulty in Drawing Lines
41(2)
In the Power of an AWS?
43(2)
Strike Mission
45(1)
Strike Mission with Special Operations Forces (SOF)
46(1)
Context is King!
47(2)
Chapter 2 What is `Autonomy' and Why is it Important?
49(10)
The Different Loops
49(3)
But what is Autonomy?
52(1)
Levels of Autonomy
53(6)
Chapter 3 Thinking in Systems
59(10)
Why Systems Theory?
61(1)
Organisation, Connection, and Complexity
62(4)
Engineering Systems
66(3)
Chapter 4 Value Sensitive Design
69(16)
What is Value Sensitive Design?
70(5)
Stakeholders
75(1)
Value Tensions
76(1)
Multi-lifespan Design
76(1)
Progress, Not Perfection
77(1)
The Three Investigations
77(3)
Value Sensitive Design in Action!
80(5)
Chapter 5 Challenges & Redesign
85(24)
Challenges Posed by AI
88(4)
Systems Engineering as the VSD Ontology
92(1)
The Sociotechnicity of AI Systems
93(3)
Artificial Intelligence for Social Good (AI4SG)
96(3)
Modifying the VSD Approach for AI
99(1)
Distinguishing between Values to be Promoted and Values to be Respected
100(3)
Extending VSD to the Entire Lifecycle
103(1)
Mapping Value Sensitive Design onto AI for Social Good Principles
104(1)
Context Analysis
105(1)
Value Identification
106(1)
Formulating Design Requirements
106(1)
Prototyping
107(2)
Chapter 6 Meaningful Human Control
109(34)
MHC and Autonomous Weapons
111(5)
Accounts of Meaningful Human Control
116(1)
Targeting Procedures
116(2)
Near-Time Intervention
118(2)
Proper Commander Training
120(1)
The Moral Responsibility of Designers
121(1)
Automated Targeting
122(1)
Moral Responsibility
123(1)
Just War Theory
123(6)
MHC as Design Requirements
129(1)
Tracking and Tracing Conditions
130(3)
Distal and Proximal Reasoning
133(3)
Distributed Moral Responsibility
136(1)
Pre-Mission. The Briefing
137(1)
In Situ Operations
138(3)
Taken Together
141(2)
Chapter 7 Hope in an Unholy Alliance
143(22)
Operational Level of Control
143(2)
Design Level of Control
145(2)
Distal and Proximal Reasoning
147(7)
Bringing Things Together
154(1)
Technical Full Autonomy
155(2)
Coupling Levels of Abstraction
157(4)
Some Important Limitations
161(4)
Chapter 8 Designing AWS for Values
165(16)
Contextual Analysis
165(1)
Value Identification
166(6)
Formulating Design Requirements
172(4)
Prototyping
176(2)
Some Final Thoughts
178(3)
Conclusion 181(6)
Acknowledgements 187(2)
Figures 189(1)
Abbreviations 190(1)
Further Reading 191(4)
Selected Further Reading 195(1)
References 196(23)
Index 219