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E-grāmata: Detection and Analysis of SARS Coronavirus: Advanced Biosensors for Pandemic Viruses and Related Pathogens

Edited by (University of Johannesburg, South Africa), Edited by (New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), USA)
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 13-Jul-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783527832507
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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 13-Jul-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783527832507
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Detection and Analysis of SARS Coronavirus Detecting and analyzing the COVID-19 pandemic with biosensor technology

The highly contagious SARS CoV-2 pathogen has challenged health systems around the world as they struggle to detect and monitor the spread of the pathogen. In Detection and Analysis of SARS Coronavirus: Advanced Biosensors for Pandemic Viruses and Related Pathogens expert chemists Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and Sudheesh K. Shukla deliver a practical analysis of how contactless coronavirus detectors may be developed using existing biosensor technology.

The editors outline current challenges in the field, the bioanalytical principles for coronavirus detection, and available biosensor technology. They then move on to how available technology might be adapted to detect coronaviruses and how commercialization of the technology might unfold.

The lessons learned in this book are readily applicable to the study of other current and emerging pathogens.

Readers will also enjoy:





A thorough introduction to the current diagnostic approaches for COVID-19, including common challenges, technology adaptation, and future potential An exploration of bio-analytical strategies for SARS CoV-2/COVID-19, including COVID detection via nanotechnology, biosensing approaches, and the role of nanotechnology in coronavirus detection Practical discussions of biosensors for the analysis of SARS CoV-2/COVID-19, including sensor development for coronavirus and chemical sensors for coronavirus diagnosis In-depth treatments of the commercialization and standardization for analytical technologies

Perfect for virologists, pharmaceutical industry professionals, and sensor developers, Detection and Analysis of SARS Coronavirus is also an indispensable resource for those working in analytical research institutes, biotechnology industry professionals, and public health agency professionals.
Preface xv
About the Editors xvii
Part I Introduction
1(56)
1 Current Diagnostic Approach for COVID-19
3(20)
Nitika Thakur
Rachit Sood
1.1 Introduction
3(1)
1.2 Recommended Laboratory Diagnosis for COVID-19
3(5)
1.2.1 SARS-CoV-2 Testing: Detection Approach by Screening Suitable Specimen Cultures
3(1)
1.2.2 SARS-CoV-2 Detection: The Nucleic Acid Approach
4(1)
1.2.2.1 COVID-19 Detection Approach Through Real-Time PCR
4(1)
1.2.2.2 Detection Approach Through Nested RT-PCR
5(1)
1.2.2.3 Detection and Analysis Approach via Droplet Digital PCR
6(1)
1.2.2.4 Lab-on-chip Approaches Using Nucleic Acid as Chief Target Points
6(1)
1.2.2.5 Analysis Through Nanoparticle Amplification Process
7(1)
1.2.2.6 Portable Methodology: The Concept of Benchtop-Sized Analyzer
7(1)
1.3 Antigenic Approach for COVID-19 Diagnosis
8(2)
1.4 Antibody Diagnostic Strategies for Detection of COVID-19
10(2)
1.4.1 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Strategies: The Vircell and Euroimmun ELISA
11(1)
1.4.2 Immunoassay-Based Detection Approach: Immunofluorescence and Chemiluminescence Assay
11(1)
1.5 Point-of-care/Lab-on-chip Approaches: The LFA (Lateral Flow Assay)
12(1)
1.6 Miniaturization Detection Approach: Combining Microarray with Microfluidic Chip Technology
12(1)
1.7 Neutralization Detection Approaches Toward COVID-19
13(1)
1.8 Genomic Sequencing Detection Approach: The Amplicon, Hybrid Capture, and Meta-transcriptomic Strategy
13(1)
1.9 Conclusion
14(1)
References
14(9)
2 COVID-19 Diagnostics: Current Approach, Challenges, and Technology Adaptation
23(20)
Prama Bhattacherjee
Santanu Patra
Abhishek Mishra
Trupti R. Das
Hemlata Dewangan
Rajgourab Ghosh
Sudheesh K. Shukla
Anshuman Mishra
2.1 Introduction
23(2)
2.2 Diagnosis of COVID-19
25(2)
2.2.1 Clinical Diagnosis
25(1)
2.2.2 Sample Collection and Testing
26(1)
2.3 Understanding Genetic Consequences
27(1)
2.3.1 SARS-CoV-2 Genome and Database
27(1)
2.3.2 Infection and Genetic Diagnosis
27(1)
2.3.3 Real-Time PCR
27(1)
2.4 Understanding Immunological Consequences
28(1)
2.4.1 Role of Immunological Test
28(1)
2.4.2 Rapid Antigen Testing
29(1)
2.4.3 Rapid Antibody Tests
29(1)
2.5 Protein Testing
29(1)
2.5.1 Computed Tomography
29(1)
2.6 Challenges
30(1)
2.6.1 Challenges of Developing COVID-19 Tests
30(1)
2.6.2 Sample Collection and Tests
31(1)
2.7 Advanced Diagnosis Technologies and Adaptation
31(1)
2.8 Adaptation of a New Approach
31(4)
2.8.1 Emerging Diagnostic Tests for COVID-19
33(1)
2.8.2 Role of siRNA, Nanoparticle Toward COVID-19
33(1)
2.8.3 RT-LAMP Nucleic Acid Testing
34(1)
2.8.4 Point-of-care Testing
34(1)
2.8.5 FNCAS9 Editor-Limited Uniform Detection Assay
34(1)
2.8.6 Development of a Novel Technology for COVID-19 Rapid Test
34(1)
2.8.7 Specific High-Sensitivity Enzymatic Reporter Unlocking
35(1)
2.9 Digital Healthcare Technologies
35(1)
2.9.1 Artificial Intelligence and Mass Healthcare
36(1)
2.9.2 Standard Healthcare Management During Pandemic Crisis
36(1)
2.10 Implications of Technology-Based Diagnosis and Testing
36(1)
2.10.1 Benefit of Diagnosis
37(1)
2.11 Conclusion
37(1)
2.12 Future Prospects
38(1)
Acknowledgment
39(1)
References
39(4)
3 Current Scenario of Pandemic COVID-19: Overview, Diagnosis, and Future Prospective
43(14)
Bindu Mangla
Shinu Chauhan
Shreya Kathuria
Prashant
Mohit
Meenakshi
Santanu Patra
Sudheesh K. Shukla
Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
3.1 Introduction
43(4)
3.2 Diagnosis and Treatment
47(2)
3.3 Infection and Control
49(1)
3.4 Current Status of COVID-19
50(1)
3.5 Recommendation
51(1)
3.6 Conclusion
52(1)
References
53(4)
Part II Bio-analytical Strategies for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19
57(48)
4 COVID Detection via Nanotechnology: A Promising Field in the Diagnosis and Analysis of Novel Coronavirus Infection
59(16)
Nitika Thakur
Sudheesh K. Shukla
Chaudhery M. Hussain
4.1 Introduction
59(1)
4.1.1 Pandemic Outbreak of COVID-19: A Tour Around the Globe from Wuhan
59(1)
4.1.2 Nanotech Solutions for Faster Detection Analysis of COVID-19
60(1)
4.2 Methodologies from Lab to People: Advantages of Nanovaccines in Providing Point-of-care Diagnosis
60(1)
4.3 An Overview: The Potential Strategies Related to Nanotechnology for Combating COVID-19
61(3)
4.3.1 Loop-Mediated Isothermal Reverse Transcriptase Coupling with Nanobiosensors
62(1)
4.3.2 Nanopoint-of-care/Lab-on-chip Diagnosis: A Strategy to Reach out the Resource-Poor Areas
63(1)
4.3.3 Tagging up the Biosensor with Optics for Reducing the Long Detection Time
63(1)
4.3.4 Sequencing Strategy Involving the Nanopore-Assisted Target Sequencing (NTS)
63(1)
4.4 Screening of Potential Agents for Restricting the Rapid Spread of COVID-19
64(1)
4.5 Potential New Generation Vaccines: A Journey from Nucleoside, Subunit, Peptide Analogs to Nanoformulation
65(3)
4.5.1 Nucleoside Analog Vaccines: Searching Potential Candidates Among DNA, RNA, and mRNA
65(2)
4.5.2 Nano-VLP Subunit Vaccines: A Stable and Ordered Vaccine Complex
67(1)
4.5.3 Nanopeptide-Based Vaccines: "Hitchhiking Through Albumin"
68(1)
4.6 Future Prospective: Resolving the Big Pandemics
68(1)
4.7 Conclusion
69(1)
References
69(6)
5 Biosensing Approach for SARS-CoV-2 Detection
75(12)
Varun Rawat
Sonam
Diksha Gahlot
Kritika Nagpal
Seema R. Pathak
5.1 Introduction
75(1)
5.2 SARS-COVID-19 Structure and Genome
76(1)
5.3 SARS-COVID-19 Sensors
77(6)
5.3.1 Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) Sensor
77(1)
5.3.2 Field Effect Transistor (FET)
78(1)
5.3.3 Cell-Based Potentiometric Biosensor
79(1)
5.3.4 eCovSens
79(1)
5.3.5 CRISPR/Casl2
80(1)
5.3.6 DNA Nanoscaffold Hybrid Chain Reaction (DNHCR)-Based Fluorescence Biosensor
81(2)
5.4 Biomarkers
83(1)
5.5 Conclusion
84(1)
References
84(3)
6 Role of Nanotechnology in Coronavirus Detection
87(18)
AbdulGafar O. Tiamiyu
Bashir Adelodun
Hashim O. Bakare
Fidelis O. Ajibade
Kola Y. Kareem
Rahmat G. Ibrahim
Golden Odey
Madhumita Goala
Jamiu A. Adeniran
6.1 Introduction
87(1)
6.2 Application of Nanomaterials
88(2)
6.2.1 Silver Nanoparticles
88(1)
6.2.2 Gold Nanoparticles
88(1)
6.2.3 Carbon Nanotubes
89(1)
6.3 Nanotechnology and Application in Medicine
90(2)
6.3.1 Biobarriers
90(1)
6.3.2 Molecular Imaging
90(1)
6.3.3 Early Detection
91(1)
6.3.4 Nanodiagnostics
91(1)
6.4 Biosensors for Infectious Disease Detection
92(1)
6.4.1 Biosensors
93(1)
6.4.2 Nano-Based Biosensors
93(1)
6.5 Coronavirus Detection
93(3)
6.5.1 Biosensors for COVID-19 Detection
94(1)
6.5.2 Nano-Based Biosensors for Coronavirus Detection
95(1)
6.6 Emerging Concerns on COVID-19
96(2)
6.6.1 Nanotechnology in COVID-19 Contaminated Water
97(1)
6.7 Nanotoxicity
98(1)
6.8 Conclusion
98(1)
References
99(6)
Part III Biosensors for Analysis of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19
105(58)
7 Sensor Development for Coronavirus
107(16)
Ranjita D. Tandet
Nagappa L. Teradal
Sudheesh K. Shukla
7.1 Introduction
107(11)
7.2 Conclusions
118(1)
7.3 Future Perspectives
119(1)
References
119(4)
8 Chemical Sensor for the Diagnosis of Coronavirus
123(14)
Gyandshwar K. Rao
Ashish K. Sengar
Seema R. Pathak
8.1 Introduction
123(1)
8.2 Multiplexed Nanomaterial-Based Sensor
124(2)
8.3 Nanomaterial-Mediated Paper-Based Sensors
126(1)
8.4 Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Technology
127(1)
8.5 Dual-Functional Plasmonic Photothermal Sensors for SARS-CoV-2 Detection
128(1)
8.6 Zirconium Quantum Dot-Based Chemical Sensors
128(1)
8.7 Calixarene-Functionalized Graphene Oxide-Based Sensors
129(1)
8.8 AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor-Based Sensors
130(2)
8.9 Conclusion
132(1)
References
132(5)
9 Lab on a Paper-Based Device for Coronavirus Biosensing
137(26)
Lucas Felipe de Lima
Ariana de Souza Moraes
Paulo de Tarso Garcia
William Reis de Araujo
9.1 Paper-Based Technology as Point-of-care Testing Devices
137(5)
9.1.1 Fabrication Methods
140(1)
9.1.2 Main Detection Methods Coupled to PADs
141(1)
9.2 Current Outbreak and Coronavirus Biology
142(2)
9.3 Main Approach Used to COVID-19 Biosensing
144(1)
9.4 Paper-Based Analytical Devices for COVID-19 Diagnostics
145(10)
9.5 Challenges and Perspectives
155(1)
Acknowledgments
156(1)
References
157(6)
Part IV Commercialization and Standardization of Analytical Technologies
163(56)
10 Nanobioengineering Approach for Early Detection of SARS-CoV-2
165(22)
Sidra Rashid
Umay Amara
Khalid Mahmood
Mian H. Nawaz
Akhtar Hayat
10.1 Introduction
165(1)
10.2 Can Nanobioengineering Stand in the Battle Against SARS-CoV-2?
166(1)
10.3 Sequential and Molecular Data Analysis
167(2)
10.3.1 Role of Nanobioengineering for SARS-CoV-2 Detection
168(1)
10.4 Nanobioengineering-Based Detection of SARS-CoV-2
169(10)
10.4.1 Nucleic Acid-Based Molecular Detection
169(1)
10.4.1.1 Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)
169(3)
10.4.1.2 Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP)
172(1)
10.4.2 Protein-Based Detection
172(3)
10.4.3 Lymphopenia-Based Assessment
175(2)
10.4.4 Bioengineered Surfaces for SARS-CoV-2 Detection
177(1)
10.4.5 Nanobioengineered Prototypes
177(1)
10.4.6 Digital Radiographical Biosensing Platforms
177(2)
10.4.7 Other Methods for SARS-CoV-2 Detection
179(1)
10.5 Discussion
179(1)
10.6 Conclusions
180(1)
10.7 Expert Opinion
180(1)
10.8 Future Directions
181(1)
References
181(6)
11 Development of Electrochemical Biosensors for Coronavirus Detection
187(20)
Fulden Ulucan-Karnak
Cansu I. Kuru
Zeynep Yitmaz-Sercinoglu
11.1 Introduction
187(1)
11.2 Detection of Viral Infections
187(6)
11.2.1 Detection of Virus
187(1)
11.2.1.1 Electron Microscopy
187(1)
11.2.1.2 Viral Culture
188(1)
11.2.2 Detection of Viral DNA/RNA
188(1)
11.2.2.1 Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)
188(1)
11.2.2.2 Microarrays
189(1)
11.2.3 Detection of Post-infection Antibodies
189(1)
11.2.3.1 Lateral Flow Immunoassays (LFIAs)
190(1)
11.2.3.2 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
190(1)
11.2.3.3 Chemiluminescent Immunoassay (CLIA)
191(2)
11.3 Current Biosensor Candidates for COVID-19 Detection
193(6)
11.3.1 Electrochemical Biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 Detection
193(2)
11.3.1.1 Impedimetry
195(1)
11.3.1.2 Potentiometry
196(1)
11.3.1.3 Conductometry
197(1)
11.3.1.4 Voltammetry
197(1)
11.3.1.5 Amperometry
198(1)
11.4 Conclusions
199(2)
References
201(6)
12 Electrochemical Biosensor Fabrication for Coronavirus Testing
207(12)
Monika Vats
Parvin
Mukul Taliyan
Seema Rani Pathak
12.1 Introduction
207(2)
12.2 Application of Electrochemical Biosensors
209(1)
12.3 Fabrication of Electrochemical Biosensors
210(2)
12.4 Fabrication of Electrochemical Biosensors for COVID-19 (Immunosensors)
212(2)
12.5 Conclusion
214(1)
References
215(4)
Part V Outlook
219(56)
13 Effects of COVID-19: An Environmental Point of View
221(22)
Kola Y. Kareem
Bashir Adetodun
AbdulGafar O. Tiamiyu
Fidelis O. Ajibade
Rahmat G. Ibrahim
Golden Odey
Madhumita Goala
Hashim O. Bakare
Jamiu A. Adeniran
13.1 Introduction
221(3)
13.2 Methodological Approach
224(1)
13.3 Effects of COVID-19 on Socioeconomic Development in the Environment
225(1)
13.4 Environmental Management as an Important Factor for COVID-19 Transmission
225(1)
13.5 Environmental Impact Assessment of COVID-19
226(10)
13.5.1 Environmental Variables Related to COVID-19
226(2)
13.5.2 Effects of COVID-19 on Global Physical Environment: Air Quality and Environmental Pollution
228(3)
13.5.3 COVID-19 Impacts on Water Resources and Aquatic Life
231(2)
13.5.4 COVID-19 Impacts on Ecological Parameters and Soil Systems
233(1)
13.5.5 COVID-19 Impacts on Noise Pollution, Increased Solid Wastes, and Recycling
234(1)
13.5.6 COVID-19 Impacts on Wastewater Quality and Sanitary Systems
234(1)
13.5.7 Socioeconomic Environmental Impacts of COVID-19
235(1)
13.5.8 Indirect Effects of COVID-19 on the Environment
235(1)
13.6 Conclusion
236(1)
References
237(6)
14 COVID-19 Pandemic and CO2 Emission in the United States: A Sectoral Analysis
243(18)
Afees A. Salisu
Tirimisiyu F. Oloko
Idris A. Adediran
14.1 Introduction
243(2)
14.2 Stylized Facts on the Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Sectoral CO2 Emission
245(4)
14.3 Data Issues and Methodology
249(2)
14.4 Empirical Results
251(4)
14.4.1 Preliminary Results
251(1)
14.4.2 Main Results
251(4)
14.5 Conclusion
255(2)
References
257(4)
15 Theranostic Approach for Coronavirus
261(14)
Anushree Pandey
AsifAti
Yuvraj S. Negi
15.1 Introduction
261(1)
15.2 Conventional Medicines
262(3)
15.3 Role of Nanoparticles in COVID-19 Detection
265(1)
15.4 Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) Coupled with a Nanoparticle-Based Biosensor (NBS) Assay
265(1)
15.5 Point-of-care Testing
266(2)
15.6 Optical Biosensor Nanotechnology
268(1)
15.7 Nanopore Target Sequencing (NTS)
268(1)
15.8 Role of Nanotechnology in the Treatment
269(1)
15.9 Conclusion
270(1)
References
270(5)
Index 275
Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain, PhD, is an Adjunct Professor and Director of Labs in the Department of Chemistry & Environmental Sciences at the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT), Newark, New Jersey, USA. His research is focused on the applications of Nanotechnology & Advanced technologies & Materials, Analytical Chemistry, and Environmental Management.

Sudheesh K. Shukla works in translational research for the development of bioelectronics devices for disease alert, with a focus on interfacing chemistry/materials science and engineering for better healthcare and biology applications. In particular, Dr. Shukla is interested in integrating biomaterials with micro- and nano-systems for sensing and actuation technologies.