Drought remains the biggest single threat from climate change to the production of key cereal crops, such as wheat and barley. Cereals also respond in complex ways to drought stress, making improved drought tolerance a challenging trait to achieve. With many cereals recognised as staple food crops due to their nutritional value, more research is required into improving drought tolerance as a means of ensuring the future food security of millions.
Developing drought-resistant cereals reviews the wealth of research which addresses how to overcome this challenge in order to mitigate climate change effects in cereal production. This collection details our understanding of the mechanisms of drought tolerance, as well as the development of techniques for improving resistance, including phenotyping, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and genome editing.
- Provides a comprehensive overview of the effect of drought on cereal crop yield and yield stability
- Explores recent developments in techniques for improving drought resistance, such as nested association mapping (NAM) and phenotyping
- Assesses the role of physiological traits (e.g. root characteristics, canopy architecture) on cereals response to drought stress
This collection explores the challenge of achieving improved drought tolerance in key cereal crops such as wheat and barley and reviews key research and strategies which address how to overcome this challenge in order to mitigate the effects of climate change on cereal production.
Part 1 Understanding mechanisms of drought tolerance
1.What is drought stress and what are options to increase crop yield?:
Thomas R. Sinclair, North Carolina State University, USA; and Michel E.
Ghanem, Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le
développement (CIRAD), France and Mohammed VI Polytechnic University,
Morocco;
2.The role of plant hormones in adaptation to drought stress in cereals:
Arnauld A. Thiry, Lancaster Environment Centre, UK; Matthew P. Reynolds,
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Mexico; and
William J. Davies and Ian C. Dodd, Lancaster Environment Centre, UK;
3.Genetics of drought tolerance in cereals: Ambra Viviani, Roberto Tuberosa
and Marco Maccaferri, Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL)
University of Bologna, Italy;
4.The role of drought-induced proteins in regulating drought tolerance in
cereals: Mitiku A. Mengistu and John C. Cushman, University of Nevada Reno,
USA;
Part 2 Techniques for improving resistance
5.Advances in phenotyping to identify drought-resistance traits in cereal
roots: John (Jack) Christopher, University of Queensland QAAFI, Australia;
6.Identifying and exploiting genes controlling root system architecture for
improving drought tolerance in cereals: Eric S. Ober and Anya Heathcote,
NIAB, UK;
7.Identifying and exploiting photosynthetic genes in improving drought
resistance in cereals: Weiguo Chen, Daizhen Sun and Runzhi Li, Shanxi
Agricultural University, China; and Ruilian Jing, Chinese Academy of
Agricultural Sciences, China;
8.Genomic selection, gene editing and genetic engineering for drought
tolerance in cereals: Rodomiro Ortiz, Swedish University of Agricultural
Sciences (SLU), Sweden;
9.Identifying genes for yield-related traits under drought stress conditions
in durum wheat: Ilaria Marcotuli and Agata Gadaleta, University of Bari Aldo
Moro, Italy; Osvin Arriagada, Samantha Reveco and Andrés R. Schwember,
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Marco Maccaferri, Matteo
Campana and Roberto Tuberosa, University of Bologna, Italy; Christian Alfaro,
Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Chile; and Ivįn Matus,
Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Chile;
10.Developing corn hybrids with improved performance under water deficits:
Elhan Ersoz, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and Umbrella
Genetics, USA; and Robert J. Bensen, Umbrella Genetics, USA
Dr Roberto Tuberosa is Professor of Plant Biotechnology and Breeding in the Department of Agriculture and Food Science at the University of Bologna, Italy. Professor Tuberosa is internationally renowned for his genomic studies to dissect the genetic basis of drought resistance in cereals and how to leverage this knowledge toward the release of climate-resilient cultivars. He is on the editorial board of several leading journals, has been involved in many European and international research projects in cereal breeding, represents Europe in the International Crop Science Society (ICSS) and has published over 170 articles as well as edited a number of books. He has organised international congresses on genomics and breeding of cereals under drought conditions and is a member of the scientific board of the Wheat Initiative and of the PlantStress advisory board. Amongst other honours, Professor Tuberosa has been elected a Fellow of the Crop Society of America.
Bill Davies is Emeritus Distinguished Professor of Plant Biology at Lancaster University, UK. He has published more than 280 papers in the international literature. The Davies lab has won a Queens Award for Innovation for work on sustainable resource use in agriculture. Recent work with CIMMYT has resulted in the development of new pre-breeding crop screening methods. Professor Davies is currently an Associate Editor of 'Food and Energy Security' and 'Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering'. He was awarded a CBE for his services for science in 2011. John C. Cushman is a Foundation Professor at the University of Nevada and Director of the Biochemistry Graduate Program in the Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology within the College of Agriculture, Biotechnology, and Natural Resources and the Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station. Professor Cushman's laboratory has used engineered tissue succulence and crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) to improve the water-use efficiency, salinity, and water-deficit stress tolerance in model plant species with the long-term goal of moving these water-conserving adaptations into food, feed, and (bio)fuel crops enabling production on marginal or abandoned agricultural lands. A major focus of his laboratory is to investigate the productivity and irrigation response of highly productive CAM crops such as cactus pear (Opuntia spp.) to serve as sources of human food, animal feed, and as a biofuel feedstock for semi-arid and arid regions of the world. Dr. Bensen received his Ph.D. in biochemistry from the University of Minnesota, followed by post-doctoral experiences at Texas A&M and the Plant Research Laboratory at Michigan State Universities. He then began a research career that spanned 28 years at the major international seed companies, including Pioneer (Dupont), Monsanto (Bayer) and Syngenta. His research focus throughout his career has been centered on improving corn productivity in water limited growing conditions. He led the discovery and early development of commercially successful products using both genetic modification and marker assisted breeding technologies.
