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E-grāmata: Developing Solid Oral Dosage Forms: Pharmaceutical Theory and Practice

Edited by , Edited by (PhD, Senior Research Fellow, Oral Drug Products, Manufacturing Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA), Edited by , Edited by (Vice President, Novast Laboratories, Nantong, China), Edited by (Senior Research Fellow, Drug Product Development, Abbv)
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 08-Nov-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Academic Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128026373
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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 08-Nov-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Academic Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128026373
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The second edition of Developing Solid Oral Dosage Forms illustrates how to develop high-quality, safe and effective pharmaceutical products by discussing the latest techniques, tools and scientific advances in preformulation investigation, formulation and process design, characterization and scale-up and production operations. This book continues to cover the essential principles of physical pharmacy, biopharmaceutics and industrial pharmacy and their application to the research and development process of oral dosage forms. Chapters have been added, combined, deleted, and completely revised as necessary to produce a comprehensive, well-organized and valuable reference for industry professionals and academics engaged in all aspects of the development process. New and important topics include spray drying, amorphous solid dispersion using hot-melt extrusion, modelling and simulation, bioequivalence of complex modified-released dosage forms, biowaivers and much more.
  • Written and edited by a team of international leading experts with experience and knowledge across industry, academia and regulatory settings
  • Includes new chapters covering the pharmaceutical applications of surface phenomenon, predictive biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics, the development of formulations for drug discovery support and much more
  • Presents new case studies throughout the book and a section completely devoted to regulatory aspects, including global product regulation and international perspectives

Papildus informācija

Extensively updated with the latest developments and advances in pharmaceutical product design and development, technologies, and regulatory requirements
List of Contributors
xiii
I THEORIES AND TECHNIQUES IN THE CHARACTERIZATION OF DRUG SUBSTANCES AND EXCIPIENTS
1 Solubility of Pharmaceutical Solids
R.V. Mantri
R. Sanghvi
H.(J.) Zhu
1.1 Introduction
3(2)
1.2 Thermodynamics of Solutions
5(1)
1.3 Theoretical Estimation of Solubility
6(4)
1.4 Solubilization of Drug Candidates
10(8)
1.5 Experimental Determination of Solubility
18(5)
References
21(2)
2 Crystalline and Amorphous Solids
G.G.Z. Zhang
D. Zhou
2.1 Introduction
23(1)
2.2 Definitions and Categorization of Solids
23(2)
2.3 Thermodynamics and Phase Diagrams
25(9)
2.4 Pharmaceutical Relevance and Implications
34(4)
2.5 Transformations Among Solids
38(4)
2.6 Methods of Generating Solids
42(1)
2.7 Amorphous Drugs and Solid Dispersions
43(9)
2.8 Special Topics
52(7)
References
53(6)
3 Solid-State Characterization and Techniques
D. Law
D. Zhou
3.1 Introduction
59(1)
3.2 Microscopy
60(4)
3.3 Powder X-ray Diffraction
64(3)
3.4 Thermal Analysis
67(5)
3.5 Vibrational Spectroscopy
72(7)
3.6 Moisture Sorption
79(2)
3.7 Hyphenated Techniques
81(1)
3.8 Conclusion
82(3)
References
82(3)
4 API Solid-Form Screening and Selection
M.Y. Gokhale
R.V. Mantri
4.1 Introduction
85(1)
4.2 Solid-Form Selection Considerations
86(16)
4.3 Screening Solid-Forms of API
102(3)
4.4 Identification and Analysis of Forms
105(2)
4.5 Conclusions
107(1)
4.6 Case Studies
107(6)
References
109(4)
5 Drug Stability and Degradation Studies
D. Zhou
W.R. Porter
G.G.Z. Zhang
5.1 Introduction
113(1)
5.2 Chemical Stability
113(15)
5.3 Common Pathways of Drug Degradation
128(6)
5.4 Experimental Approaches to Studying the Chemical Degradation of Drugs
134(6)
5.5 Physical Stability and Phase Transformations
140(2)
5.6 Phase Transformations During Pharmaceutical Processing
142(9)
References
146(5)
6 Excipient Compatibility and Functionality
A.S. Narang
R.V. Mantri
K.S. Raghavan
6.1 Introduction
151(1)
6.2 Excipient Functionality
152(3)
6.3 Excipient Compatibility
155(14)
6.4 Excipient Variability
169(5)
6.5 Risk Assessment of Drug-Excipient Incompatibilities and Mitigation Strategies
174(1)
6.6 Conclusions
175(6)
References
175(6)
7 Polymer Properties and Characterization
J. Brady
T. Doric P.I. Lee
J.-X. Li
7.1 Introduction
181(4)
7.2 Basic Concepts and Characterization of Polymeric Materials
185(21)
7.3 Commonly Used Polymer Excipients in Solid Oral Products
206(14)
7.4 Conclusion
220(5)
References
221(4)
8 Interfacial Phenomena
E. Hadjittofis
S.C. Das
G.G.Z. Zhang
J.Y.Y. Heng
8.1 Interfaces
225(1)
8.2 Fundamental Intermolecular Forces
226(2)
8.3 Thermodynamics of Particles in Electrolyte Solutions
228(1)
8.4 Surface Tension and Surface Energy
229(3)
8.5 Thermodynamics of Wetting
232(4)
8.6 Solid---Vapor Interface
236(5)
8.7 Interfacial Phenomenon (Solid---Solid)
241(5)
8.8 Future Directions---Opinions
246(7)
References
247(6)
9 Fundamental of Diffusion and Dissolution
Y. Chen
J. Wang
D.R. Flanagan
9.1 Fundamental of Diffusion
253(9)
9.2 Fundamentals of Dissolution
262(9)
References
270(1)
10 Particle, Powder, and Compact Characterization
G.E. Amidon
P.J. Meyer
D.M. Mudie
10.1 Introduction
271(1)
10.2 Particle Size Characterization
271(5)
10.3 Powder Characterization
276(5)
10.4 Compact (Mechanical Property) Characterization
281(9)
10.5 Conclusions
290(7)
References
290(7)
II BIOPHARMACEUTICAL AND PHARMACOKINETIC EVALUATIONS OF DRUG MOLECULES AND DOSAGE FORMS
11 Oral Absorption Basics: Pathways and Physicochemical and Biological Factors Affecting Absorption
L. Zhu
L. Lu
S. Wang
J. Wu
J. Shi
T. Yan
C. Xie
Q. Li
M. Hu
Z. Liu
11.1 Barriers to Oral Drug Delivery
297(1)
11.2 Pathways of Drug Absorption
298(9)
11.3 Pathways of Drug Metabolism
307(5)
11.4 Pathways of Drug Elimination
312(3)
11.5 Coupling of Enzymes and Efflux Transporters
315(4)
11.6 Regulation of Transporters and Enzymes by Nuclear Receptors
319(2)
11.7 Physicochemical Factors Affecting Drug Absorption
321(2)
11.8 Biological Factors Affecting Drug Absorption
323(8)
References
325(6)
12 Oral Drug Absorption: Evaluation and Prediction
Y. Yang
Y. Zhao
A. Yu
D. Sun
L.X. Yu
12.1 Introduction
331(1)
12.2 Anatomy and Physiology of the GI Tract
331(1)
12.3 Biopharmaceutics Classification System
332(6)
12.4 Intestinal Permeability Evaluation: Cultured Cells
338(4)
12.5 Intestinal Permeability Evaluation: Ex Vivo
342(4)
12.6 In Silico Methods
346(1)
12.7 In Vivo Methods to Determine Oral Drug Absorption
347(1)
12.8 Food Effects on Drug Intestinal Absorption
348(2)
12.9 Regional Drug Absorption Along GI
350(2)
12.10 Future Trends
352(1)
12.11 Conclusions
352(3)
Disclaimer
352(1)
References
352(3)
13 Dissolution Testing of Solid Products
Y. Chen
Z. Gao
J.Z. Duan
13.1 Introduction
355(1)
13.2 Theory of Dissolution Test for Solid Drug Products
356(2)
13.3 Current Technology and Instrumentation for Dissolution Testing
358(6)
13.4 Regulatory Considerations
364(14)
13.5 Summary
378(3)
References
379(2)
14 Bioavailability and Bioequivalence
H. Zhu
B.V. Li
R.S. Uppoor
M. Mehta
L.X. Yu
14.1 General Background
381(1)
14.2 Definitions and Key Concepts
382(2)
14.3 General Components of BA and BE Studies
384(3)
14.4 Data Analysis for BA and BE Studies
387(2)
14.5 Special Topics for BA and BE Assessment
389(4)
14.6 Biowaiver and BCS
393(2)
14.7 Summary and Future Perspectives
395(4)
References
395(4)
15 Predictive Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics: Modeling and Simulation
Y. Yang
Y. Zhao
J.Z. Duan
P. Zhao
L. Zhao
X. Zhang
15.1 Introduction
399(1)
15.2 Modeling and Simulation Approaches for Biopharmaceutics and PK
400(7)
15.3 Application of Biopharmaceutics and PK Modeling and Simulation in Drug Development
407(1)
15.4 Application of Biopharmaceutics and PK Modeling and Simulation in Regulatory Activities
408(1)
15.5 Summary
409(6)
References
409(6)
16 In Vitro/In Vivo Correlations: Fundamentals, Development Considerations, and Applications
Y. Qiu
J.Z. Duan
16.1 Introduction
415(1)
16.2 Development and Assessment of an IVIVC
416(14)
16.3 Considerations in IVIVC Development
430(5)
16.4 IVIVC Development Approach
435(4)
16.5 Applications and Limitations
439(2)
16.6 Case Studies
441(6)
16.7 Summary
447(8)
References
447(8)
III DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND SCALE-UP OF FORMULATION AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS
17 Oral Formulations for Preclinical Studies: Principle, Design, and Development Considerations
Y. Gao
C. Gesenberg
W. Zheng
17.1 Introduction
455(1)
17.2 Considerations in Designing Formulations for Preclinical Species
456(4)
17.3 Use of API Properties to Guide Formulation Design
460(3)
17.4 Formulations for BCS Class I/III Compounds
463(2)
17.5 Formulations for BCS Class II/IV Compounds Using Enabling Technologies
465(17)
17.6 Evaluating Formulation Performance by In Vitro Dissolution
482(4)
17.7 Rationale Selection of Formulations Suitable for Intended Studies
486(2)
17.8 Case Study
488(9)
Acknowledgments
491(1)
References
491(6)
18 Rational Design for Amorphous Solid Dispersions
A. Newman
18.1 Introduction
497(1)
18.2 Key Components of Amorphous Solid Dispersions
497(2)
18.3 Characterization of Amorphous Dispersions
499(2)
18.4 Screening and Selection of Amorphous Solid Dispersions
501(3)
18.5 Stability Considerations
504(1)
18.6 Solubility and Dissolution Considerations
505(2)
18.7 Methods of Manufacturing Amorphous Solid Dispersions
507(2)
18.8 Dosage Form Development Considerations
509(1)
18.9 Case Studies
509(6)
18.10 Conclusions
515(4)
References
515(4)
19 Rational Design of Oral Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems
Y. Qiu
P.I. Lee
19.1 Introduction
519(2)
19.2 Oral MR Technologies and Drug Delivery Systems
521(17)
19.3 Rational Design of Modified Release Systems
538(12)
19.4 Summary
550(5)
References
550(5)
20 Product and Process Development of Solid Oral Dosage Forms
Y. Qiu
X. He
L. Zhu
B. Chen
20.1 Introduction
555(1)
20.2 Development of Solid Dosage Forms
556(18)
20.3 Technology Transfer
574(4)
20.4 Case Studies
578(9)
20.5 Intellectual Property Considerations
587(1)
20.6 Summary
588(5)
References
589(4)
21 Analytical Development and Validation for Solid Oral Dosage Forms
X.(F.) Fang
G. Carr
R.C. Freeze
21.1 Analytical Method Development and Validation Strategy
593(2)
21.2 Category of Analytical Method and Method Development
595(2)
21.3 Analytical Method Validation
597(9)
21.4 Method Transfers
606(1)
21.5 Case Studies
607(3)
21.6 Conclusions
610(3)
References
610(3)
22 Statistical Design and Analysis of Long-Term Stability Studies for Drug Products
D. Leblond
22.1 Stability Study Objectives
613(1)
22.2 Regulatory Guidance
613(1)
22.3 Test Methods and Data Management
614(1)
22.4 Modeling Instability
615(3)
22.5 Long-Term Stability Study Design
618(7)
22.6 Determination of Shelf Life
625(3)
22.7 Release Limit Estimation
628(1)
22.8 Probability of Future OOS Stability Test Results
629(8)
Appendix A Sample Data
634(1)
References
634(3)
23 Packaging Selection for Solid Oral Dosage Forms
Y. Chen
23.1 Introduction
637(1)
23.2 Material Considerations
638(8)
23.3 Linking Packaging Property With Drug Property
646(3)
23.4 Postapproval Packaging Changes
649(4)
References
650(3)
24 Clinical Supplies Manufacture: Strategy, GMP Considerations, and Cleaning Validation
B.W. Pack
S. Stithit
W. Chen
24.1 Introduction
653(1)
24.2 Strategy of Clinical Supplies Manufacture
653(1)
24.3 Clinical Plan
654(1)
24.4 Clinical Supplies Liaison
655(1)
24.5 Lean Manufacturing
655(2)
24.6 Cross-Functional Training
657(1)
24.7 Outsourcing of Manufacturing and Packaging
658(1)
24.8 New Technology
658(2)
24.9 GMP Considerations on Manufacturing Clinical Supplies
660(4)
24.10 Cleaning Validation and Verification
664(8)
24.11 Case Study
672(2)
24.12 Summary
674(3)
Acknowledgments
674(1)
References
674(3)
25 Specification Setting and Manufacturing Process Control for Solid Oral Drug Products
W. Chen
S. Stithit
J.Y. Zheng
25.1 Introduction
677(1)
25.2 Specifications for the Drug Substance
678(4)
25.3 Specifications for Clinical Trial Materials
682(2)
25.4 Specifications for Commercial Drug Products
684(3)
25.5 Process Control for Solid Oral Drug Products
687(4)
25.6 Analytical Procedures
691(1)
25.7 Conclusions
692(3)
Acknowledgments
692(1)
References
692(3)
26 Process Development, Optimization, and Scale-Up: Providing Reliable Powder Flow and Product Uniformity
T. Baxter
J. Prescott
26.1 Introduction
695(3)
26.2 Common Powder Handling Equipment
698(4)
26.3 Typical Flow and Segregation Concerns
702(5)
26.4 Measurement of Flow Properties
707(9)
26.5 Basic Equipment Design Techniques
716(7)
References
722(1)
27 Capsules Dosage Form: Formulation and Manufacturing Considerations
S.W. Hoag
27.1 Introduction---Capsules as a Dosage Form
723(2)
27.2 Gelatin and Capsule Shell Composition
725(4)
27.3 Capsule Shell Manufacturing
729(1)
27.4 Alternatives to Gelatin
730(1)
27.5 Hard Shell
731(3)
27.6 Capsule Filling
734(6)
27.7 Capsule Formulation Requirements
740(4)
27.8 Capsule Formulations
744(5)
References
746(3)
28 Design, Development, and Scale-Up of the High-Shear Wet Granulation Process
S. Badawy
P. Pandey
28.1 Introduction
749(2)
28.2 Rate Processes in Wet Granulation
751(2)
28.3 Material Properties in Wet Granulation
753(4)
28.4 Design of the Pharmaceutical Wet Granulation Process
757(3)
28.5 Quality Attributes of Wet Granulated Products
760(4)
28.6 Scale-Up of the High-Shear Wet Granulation Process
764(5)
28.7 Modeling and Simulation in High-Shear Wet Granulation
769(3)
28.8 Summary
772(5)
References
772(5)
29 Process Development, Optimization, and Scale-Up: Fluid-Bed Granulation
K. Yamamoto
Z.J. Shao
29.1 Overview of the Fluid-Bed Granulation Process
777(1)
29.2 Equipment Design
777(4)
29.3 Fluid-Bed Hydrodynamics
781(2)
29.4 Mechanisms of Agglomeration
783(1)
29.5 Formulation and Process Variables and Their Control
784(2)
29.6 Scale-Up Considerations
786(4)
29.7 Application of Quality-by-Design to Fluid-Bed Granulation
790(1)
29.8 Summary
790(3)
References
791(2)
30 Formulation, Process Development, and Scale-Up: Spray-Drying Amorphous Solid Dispersions for Insoluble Drugs
B. Vig
M. Morgen
30.1 Introduction
793(1)
30.2 Background
793(2)
30.3 SDD Formulation Composition
795(8)
30.4 SDD Process Considerations: Manufacturing and Scale-Up
803(6)
30.5 SDD Characterization
809(6)
30.6 Dosage Form Considerations
815(2)
30.7 Concluding Remarks
817(4)
References
818(3)
31 Process Development and Scale-Up: Twin-Screw Extrusion
B. Chen
L. Zhu
F. Zhang
Y. Qiu
31.1 Introduction
821(1)
31.2 Twin-Screw Extruder and Extrusion Process
822(13)
31.3 Hot-Melt Extrusion
835(7)
31.4 Continuous Granulation Using a Twin-Screw Extruder
842(11)
31.5 Process Scale-Up
853(7)
31.6 Case Studies
860(5)
31.7 Summary
865(4)
References
865(4)
32 Development, Scale-Up, and Optimization of Process Parameters: Roller Compaction Theory and Practice
J.M. Rowe
S.T. Charlton
R.J. Mccann
32.1 Introduction
869(8)
32.2 In-Process Analytical Characterization Tools
877(12)
32.3 Roller Compaction Models
889(14)
32.4 Approaches to Developing a Roller Compaction Process
903(3)
32.5 Illustrative Example Detailing the Typical Drug Product Development Process for a Roller Compacted Product
906(1)
32.6 Scale-Up Considerations of Roller Compaction
907(2)
32.7 Illustrative Example Detailing a Possible Approach to Scaling-Up a Roller Compaction Process
909(3)
32.8 Trouble-Shooting
912(1)
32.9 Conclusions
912(5)
References
912(5)
33 Development, Optimization, and Scale-Up of Process Parameters: Tablet Compression
D. Natoli
M. Levin
L. Tsygan
L. Liu
33.1 Introduction
917(1)
33.2 Operation Principles of Compression by Rotary Press
917(1)
33.3 Tool Design
917(12)
33.4 Tablet Designs
929(7)
33.5 Care of Punches and Dies
936(1)
33.6 Tooling Inspection
936(1)
33.7 Tooling Reworking
937(1)
33.8 Press Wear
937(1)
33.9 Purchasing Tablet Compression Tooling
937(1)
33.10 Consideration of Tooling
938(1)
33.11 Application of Quality by Design and Tools (Case Study)
938(2)
33.12 Scale-Up of Compression
940(13)
References
950(3)
34 Development, Optimization, and Scale-Up of Process Parameters: Pan Coating
S. Porter
G. Sackett
L. Liu
34.1 Introduction
953(1)
34.2 Film-Coating Formulations
954(12)
34.3 Design and Development of Film-Coating Processes
966(20)
34.4 Troubleshooting
986(1)
34.5 Consideration of Product Substrate
987(1)
34.6 Coating Formulation
988(5)
34.7 Application of Systematic and Statistical Tools for Trouble Shooting and Process Optimization
993(4)
References
996(1)
35 Development, Optimization, and Scale-Up of Process Parameters: Wurster Coating
D. Jones
E. Godek
35.1 Introduction
997(1)
35.2 Basic Design
997(2)
35.3 HS Wurster Considerations
999(1)
35.4 Coating and Process Characteristics
1000(1)
35.5 Processing Examples
1000(2)
35.6 Process Variables
1002(3)
35.7 Case Studies for Layering and Fine Particle Coating
1005(4)
35.8 Scale-Up of Wurster Processing
1009(5)
35.9 Summary
1014(1)
36 Commercial Manufacturing and Product Quality
D.Y. Peng
Y. Hu
S. Chatterjee
D. Zhou
36.1 Introduction
1015(1)
36.2 Process Design, Understanding, and Control Strategy Development
1016(1)
36.3 Process Scale-Up, Technology Transfer, and Process Qualification
1017(3)
36.4 Continued Process Verification
1020(8)
36.5 Summary
1028(3)
References
1029(2)
37 Emerging Technology for Modernizing Pharmaceutical Production: Continuous Manufacturing
T. O'Connor
S. Lee
37.1 Introduction
1031(1)
37.2 Challenges for Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
1031(1)
37.3 The Adoption of Emerging Technology to Address Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Challenges
1032(2)
37.4 Technologies for Continuous Drug Product Manufacturing
1034(9)
37.5 Challenges in Implementing Continuous Manufacturing
1043(1)
37.6 Conclusion
1044(5)
References
1044(5)
IV REGULATORY ASPECTS OF PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
38 Drug Product Approval in the United States and International Harmonization
L. Wu
H. Smith
H. Zheng
L.X. Yu
38.1 Drug Product Approval and the US Food and Drug Administration
1049(6)
38.2 The New Drug Application Process
1055(9)
38.3 The Abbreviated New Drug Application Process
1064(5)
38.4 The Biologic License Application Process
1069(2)
38.5 Postapproval Activities and Life Cycle Management of NDAs, ANDAs, and BLAs
1071(1)
38.6 Global Perspectives on Product Registration and Drug Approval
1072(7)
Acknowledgments
1074(1)
References
1074(5)
39 Modern Pharmaceutical Regulations: Quality Assessment for Drug Substances
H. Zhang
D. Johnson
D. Skanchy
L.X. Yu
39.1 Introduction
1079(1)
39.2 Origin of the QbR
1080(1)
39.3 Evolution of the Drug Substance Review Process
1080(1)
39.4 Quality Assessment for Drug Substances
1081(9)
39.5 Conclusion
1090(5)
Appendix QbR Questions---Drug Substance
1091(1)
References
1092(3)
40 Modern Pharmaceutical Regulations: Quality Assessment for Drug Products
J.A. Maguire
W. Jiang
L.X. Yu
40.1 Introduction
1095(1)
40.2 QbR History
1095(1)
40.3 Current Status of QbR
1096(1)
40.4 QbR Questions
1097(24)
40.5 Future Direction
1121(1)
40.6 Conclusions
1122(5)
Appendix: QbR Questions
1122(2)
References
1124(3)
Index 1127
Dr. Yihong Qiu is currently a Senior Research Fellow, Oral Drug Products, Science and Technology, AbbVie. His in-depth knowledge and extensive experience encompass various phases of product development, including preformulation, drug delivery technology, product/process design, biopharmaceutics/pharmacokinetics, formulation/process development, scale-up and optimization, manufacturing trouble-shooting, intellectual property and regulatory registration for NCEs, line-extension and marketed products. He also plays a key role in the product life cycle management, IP strategy, scientific and regulatory assessment of business opportunities. During his 25-year tenure with Abbott/AbbVie, his work has resulted in successful commercial IR and MR products, patented drug delivery technologies, IVIVCs and biowaivers approved by global regulatory agencies. Dr. Qius research interests include modified-release delivery systems, dissolution, bioavailability, IVIVC, drug delivery technology and science-based regulation. He is an elected fellow of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS), a member of 2010-2015 USP Expert Committee and a review committee member of Chang Jiang Scholars Program (2014-15). He has more than 50 publications in journals and books, 30 patents granted or pending, and numerous invited presentations. He is routinely invited to lecture at professional organizations and universities. Dr. Qiu received BS in Pharmacy, MS. in Pharmaceutics from China Pharmaceutical University, and Ph.D. in Pharmaceutics from The University of Iowa. Dr. Yisheng Chen currently serves as Vice President of Product Development at Novast Laboratories, Ltd, leading the development of pharmaceutical products for global markets. Dr. Chen earned his Ph.D. degree in Pharmaceutics in 1994 from the University of Iowa. He then joined Burroughs Wellcome as a development scientist, and later Abbott Laboratories with increasing responsibilities where he was elected as an Associate Research Fellow, Volwiler Society. Dr. Chen also served as an expert member of both the Product Quality Research Institute (PQRI) and the USP Performance Testing Expert Panel, and as an adjunct professor at the Guangdong Pharmaceutical University. Dr. Chen has in-depth knowledge and extensive experience in various aspects of developing solid pharmaceutical products, ranging from formulation and process development, CMC documentation for regulatory filing, scale-up, and validation for commercialization. His expertise includes the quality by design (QbD) development of modified release (MR) products using traditional delivery technologies, and development of new delivery systems for MR products. Dr. Chen has extensive experience in the development and scale-up of beads coating process using Wurster coating technology for different types of products from lab to commercial scales. He has successfully led the development and secured the approval of more than 30 products approved in the US, EU, Japan and China, including new drug applications (NDAs) and high barrier branded abbreviated new drug applications (ANDAs). Dr. Chen also has the expertise in packaging protection of drug products. He developed a theoretical model for predicting moisture uptake by packaged products during storage. His theory provided the fundamental basis for the development of ASTM D7709 and the revision of USP general chapter on the standard methods for measuring the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of containers, as well as the scientific criteria of using MVTR/unit product to evaluate the performance of containers for product protection. Dr. Chen has published over 30 peer-reviewed articles, book chapters, and patents. He is a co-editor of Developing Solid Oral Dosage Forms: Pharmaceutical Theory and Practice”. Dr. Chen is a frequent speaker at national and international conferences, and at major universities. Dr. Geoff G. Z. Zhang is a Senior Research Follow at AbbVie Inc., an adjunct professor of the Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy at Purdue University, and a Fellow of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists. He received his B.Sc. in Physical Chemistry from Fudan University, China, and Ph.D. in Pharmaceutics from the University of Minnesota, USA. He has contributed broadly to Physical Pharmacy, specifically in the areas of crystal engineering, polymorphism, characterization and crystallization of amorphous solids and amorphous solid dispersions, as well as delivery of poorly water soluble compounds. He has published over 70 peer-reviewed articles, reviews, and book chapters, given over 170 podium and poster presentations. During his 18-year tenure with Abbott/AbbVie, he has more than 120 granted patents and patent applications. He interacts and collaborates extensively with academic institutes and has mentored 40 graduate students on their thesis and summer research projects. He has received 2012 AAPS Pharmaceutical Research Meritorious Manuscript Award, and serves on the United State Pharmacopeia Physical Analysis Expert Committee. Lawrence X. Yu, Ph.D., is the Deputy Director, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Food and Drug Administration, where he oversees new, generic, and biotechnology product quality review and inspection functions as well as the FDA CDER quality labs. He is also adjunct Professor of Pharmaceutical Engineering at the University of Michigan. Prior to joining the FDA, Dr. Yu had worked at Pfizer (Upjohn) and GlaxoWellcome for 8 years. Dr. Yu joined the FDA in 1999 and has served as Team Leader, Deputy Division Director, Division Director, Deputy Office Director, and Office Director. Dr. Yus research interests have centered on the prediction of oral drug delivery and the development of pharmaceutical Quality by Design. His compartmental absorption and transit (CAT) model has laid the foundation for the commercial software, GastroPLUSTM and Simcyp®, which are being widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. Dr. Yu is a fellow and the past section Chair of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists and an Associate Editor of the AAPS Journal. Dr. Yu has authored/co-authored over 140 papers, and presented over 100 abstracts, and given over 200 invited presentations. He is a co-editor of the books entitled Biopharmaceutics Applications in Drug Development , FDA Bioequivalence Standards , and Developing Solid Oral Dosage Forms: Pharmaceutical Theory and Practice, 2nd Ed. Dr. Yu is the winner of numerous awards including AAiPS distinguished Scientist Award, AAPS Regulatory Science Achievement award, AIChE PD2M Drug Product QbD Achievement Award, Japan Naigai Foundation Distinguished Lectureship, China Beijing University IPEM graduation commencement address, Department of Health and Human Service Outstanding Leadership Award, FDA Commissioners Special Citation, Outstanding Achievement, Group Recognition, and Team Excellence awards. Dr. Rao V. Mantri is currently working as Executive Director in Drug Product Science & Technology at Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. He received his B.Tech. in Chemical Engineering from Osmania University, India, M.S. in Chemical Engineering, M.S. in Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical Chemistry with honors from The University of Kansas, USA. Since joining BMS R&D in 2000, he has held positions of increasing responsibility in design, development and technology transfer of small molecules as well as biologics drug products. He has broad experience in formulation development, process engineering, materials science, analytical sciences, CMC regulatory filing strategy and leading multi-disciplinary CMC teams. His research interests include solubilization, drug delivery, materials science, drug-excipient interactions, drug stability, biopharmaceutics modeling, formulation development and process scale-up. He has 29 manuscripts, 8 patents and numerous invited talks and presentations. He also served on the 2010-2015 USP Excipients Expert Committee.