Glossary |
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xxi | |
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1 | (6) |
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1 | (1) |
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Influences from adult and animal neuroscience |
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1 | (2) |
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Influences from perceptual and cognitive psychology |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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Newer influences from neural imaging |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (2) |
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Paediatric Vision Testing |
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7 | (21) |
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Behavioural and electrophysiological methods for infant testing |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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Common methods used in studying developing vision---from infancy to school age |
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10 | (15) |
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10 | (2) |
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12 | (1) |
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Acuity measures beyond infancy |
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12 | (2) |
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14 | (4) |
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The Atkinson Battery of Child Development for Examining Functional Vision (ABCDEFV): a battery for assessing functional vision |
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18 | (1) |
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Photorefraction and videorefraction |
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19 | (6) |
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Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) or visual event related potentials (VERPs) |
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25 | (2) |
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27 | (1) |
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Models of Visual Development |
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28 | (15) |
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Overall theoretical approach |
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28 | (1) |
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Neuroscientific accounts of visual development |
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28 | (4) |
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Two visual systems in development: `where' and `what' |
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28 | (2) |
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Three visual systems or streams of processing in development: `where', `what', and `how' |
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30 | (2) |
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Multiple visual modules with different functions |
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32 | (3) |
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Development of visual attention |
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35 | (2) |
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Summary of the developmental model |
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37 | (4) |
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Crude orienting attentional system |
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38 | (1) |
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Functional onset of specific cortical modules |
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38 | (1) |
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Development of integration (`binding') and segmentation processes |
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38 | (1) |
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Integration of crude subcortical orienting systems with cortical attentional systems for control of directed eye and head movements |
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38 | (1) |
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Development of reaching and grasping action modules |
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39 | (1) |
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Development of locomotion accompanied by attentional shifting between different scales of representation of space at different distances |
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39 | (1) |
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Integration of object recognition, actions, and speech |
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40 | (1) |
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Automation of visuomotor programs and parallel processing |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (2) |
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43 | (15) |
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State of newborn vision: crude orienting |
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43 | (1) |
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Acuity and contrast sensitivity |
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44 | (2) |
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Measures of improvement of acuity and contrast sensitivity with age |
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46 | (6) |
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Comparison of acuity estimates from FPL and VEP measures |
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47 | (5) |
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Factors limiting acuity and contrast sensitivity during development |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (3) |
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56 | (2) |
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Development Optics---Refraction and Focusing or Accommodation |
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58 | (7) |
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Changes in accommodation with age |
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58 | (1) |
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Changes of refraction with age |
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59 | (4) |
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63 | (2) |
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Functional Onset of Specific Cortical Modules |
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65 | (26) |
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66 | (3) |
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69 | (5) |
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74 | (9) |
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Optokinetic nystagmus---evidence for early directionality |
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74 | (3) |
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Directional discrimination and sensitivity |
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77 | (4) |
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First- and second-order motion |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (3) |
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86 | (1) |
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Perception of depth and distance using disparity discrimination |
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87 | (1) |
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Theories of cortical organization before and after the onset of functional binocularity |
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88 | (2) |
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Conclusions on early cortical development |
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90 | (1) |
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Development of Integration ('Binding') and Segmentation Processes Leading to Object Perception |
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91 | (16) |
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Development of segmentation processes |
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93 | (1) |
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Segmentation on the basis of orientation |
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94 | (2) |
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Segmentation on the basis of motion |
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96 | (1) |
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Increased sensitivity to coherent motion with age |
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97 | (1) |
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Segmentation by line terminators |
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97 | (4) |
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Object recognition from biological motion |
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101 | (2) |
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103 | (3) |
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106 | (1) |
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The Interlinked Approach to Development of Attention and Action |
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107 | (28) |
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107 | (1) |
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What do we mean by `attention'? |
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107 | (1) |
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Early stages of development of selective attention |
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108 | (1) |
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Attention and action systems controlling head and eye movements |
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109 | (13) |
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Model for improvements in attentional processing early in life |
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109 | (2) |
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Measurements of orienting to new stimuli in the periphery as seen in saccadic shifts to a peripheral target when an object appears |
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111 | (7) |
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Changes in the pattern of scanning eye movements with age |
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118 | (2) |
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Measures of changes in focusing accuracy or accommodation to targets attended |
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120 | (1) |
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Overall conclusions on early attentional eye and head movement systems |
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121 | (1) |
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Development of visually guided reaching and grasping |
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122 | (2) |
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Controversies in development of reaching and grasping |
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122 | (2) |
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Subcortical and cortical motor pathways |
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124 | (9) |
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Reaching under binocular and monocular viewing |
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126 | (1) |
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Preferential looking and preferential reaching in early development |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (2) |
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Right/left looking biases |
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131 | (1) |
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Ipsilateral reaching to the object on the same side as the reaching hand |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (2) |
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Plasticity in Visual Development |
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135 | (36) |
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Does extra or abnormal visual input produce changes in visual brain development? |
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136 | (16) |
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What are the effects of extra visual stimulation in normal children on visual brain development? |
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136 | (1) |
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Neurologically normal very low birth weight premature infants with extra visual experience |
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136 | (4) |
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Two infants with enhanced exposure to particular oblique orientations in early infancy |
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140 | (2) |
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What are the effects of reduced or anomalous visual input on visual brain development? |
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142 | (1) |
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Effects of congenital cataract and strabismus on development |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (2) |
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146 | (1) |
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Underlying physiology of early binocular plasticity |
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147 | (1) |
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Effects of reduced input due to refractive errors, e.g. children with a history of refractive errors (e.g. anisometropia, astigmatism) identified, but not corrected, in infancy |
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148 | (4) |
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Does abnormal input produce changes in more peripheral visual systems? |
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152 | (2) |
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Deprivation myopia and emmetropization |
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152 | (2) |
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Does brain damage or early abnormal brain structure produce compensating changes in visual systems? |
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154 | (15) |
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Visual development following hemispherectomy in infancy |
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155 | (1) |
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Visual development following very early brain lesions monitored by structural MRI (both general and focal) |
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155 | (3) |
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Anomalous brain development: the case of Williams syndrome |
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158 | (1) |
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Visual and cognitive development in Williams syndrome |
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159 | (2) |
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Hypothesis 1: visual and spatial deficits are strongly linked |
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161 | (1) |
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Hypothesis 2: Dorsal stream deficit |
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161 | (1) |
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Motion and form coherence |
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162 | (1) |
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The letter box task---matching orientation and posting |
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162 | (3) |
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Hypothesis 3: Frontal deficits |
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165 | (1) |
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Right and left hemisphere deficits |
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166 | (3) |
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169 | (2) |
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171 | (6) |
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What is our current model of visual brain development? |
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171 | (2) |
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Given our current model, what is vision really like for young infants? |
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173 | (1) |
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The role of consciousness and control |
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174 | (1) |
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How much plasticity and variation is there in development? |
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175 | (1) |
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What is visual disability? |
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175 | (1) |
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How can we work across multiple levels of analysis? |
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176 | (1) |
References |
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177 | (26) |
Index |
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203 | |