In this paper, a quintet of Russian scientists investigates the developmental genetics of plant-microbial symbiosis from developmental and applied viewpoints. They study commonalities in the plant symbiotic genes involved in root nodule symbiosis and in arbuscular micorrhiza that are also associated with roots with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for nutritional (N2 fixation) or defensive (suppression of pathogens) functions. The commonalities, they argue, suggest a possibility to address plant-microbial symbiosis as an evolutionary continuum in which a progressive increase in genetic integrity of partners occur, the practical importance of which is the development of an evolutionary based methodology for genetic dissection of different plant-microbial symbiosis types and for their improvement and application in sustainable agriculture systems. Annotation ©2010 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)