Dedication |
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v | |
Acknowledgements |
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vii | |
Preface |
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ix | |
I Introduction |
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1 | (18) |
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3 | (16) |
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1.1 Selective Capitalization Of Section Titles |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2 Classical In Classical Differential Geometry |
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4 | (1) |
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1.3 Intended Readers Of This Book |
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5 | (1) |
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1.4 The Foundations Of Physics In This Book |
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6 | (3) |
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9 | (2) |
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1.6 Frequent Misconceptions |
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11 | (3) |
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1.7 Prerequisite, Anticipated Mathematical Concepts |
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14 | (5) |
II Tools |
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19 | (64) |
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21 | (22) |
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2.1 Acquaintance With Differential Forms |
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21 | (2) |
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2.2 Differentiable Manifolds, Pedestrianly |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (5) |
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30 | (4) |
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2.5 Exterior Products Of Differential Forms |
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34 | (1) |
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2.6 Change Of Basis Of Differential Forms |
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35 | (2) |
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2.7 Differential Forms And Measurement |
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37 | (1) |
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2.8 Differentiable Manifolds Defined |
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38 | (2) |
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2.9 Another Definition Of Differentiable Manifold |
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40 | (3) |
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3 Vector Spaces And Tensor Products |
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43 | (24) |
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43 | (2) |
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3.2 Vector Spaces (Over The Reals) |
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45 | (2) |
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47 | (1) |
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3.4 Euclidean Vector Spaces |
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48 | (7) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (3) |
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3.5 Not Quite Right Concept Of Vector Field |
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55 | (2) |
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3.6 Tensor Products: Theoretical Minimum |
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57 | (1) |
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3.7 Formal Approach To Tensors |
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58 | (3) |
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3.7.1 Definition Of Tensor Space |
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58 | (1) |
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3.7.2 Transformation Of Components Of Tensors |
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59 | (2) |
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61 | (6) |
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61 | (1) |
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3.8.2 Basic Clifford Algebra |
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62 | (2) |
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3.8.3 The Tangent Clifford Algebra Of 3-D Euclidean Vector Space |
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64 | (1) |
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3.8.4 The Tangent Clifford Algebra Of Spacetime |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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4 Exterior Differentiation |
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67 | (16) |
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67 | (1) |
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4.2 Disguised Exterior Derivative |
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67 | (2) |
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4.3 The Exterior Derivative |
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69 | (1) |
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4.4 Coordinate Independent Definition Of Exterior Derivative |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (2) |
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4.6 Differential Operators In Language Of Forms |
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73 | (4) |
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4.7 The Conservation Law For Scalar-Valuedness |
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77 | (2) |
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4.8 Lie Groups And Their Lie Algebras |
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79 | (4) |
III Two Klein Geometries |
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83 | (44) |
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85 | (24) |
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85 | (2) |
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5.2 The Frame Bundle Of Affine Space |
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87 | (2) |
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5.3 The Structure Of Affine Space |
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89 | (2) |
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5.4 Curvilinear, Coordinates: Holonomic Bases |
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91 | (4) |
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5.5 General Vector Basis Fields |
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95 | (2) |
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5.6 Structure Of Affine Space On Sections |
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97 | (2) |
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5.7 Differential Geometry As Calculus |
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99 | (2) |
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5.8 Invariance Of Connection Differential Forms |
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101 | (2) |
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5.9 The Lie Algebra Of The Affine Group |
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103 | (2) |
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5.10 The Maurer-Cartan Equations |
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105 | (2) |
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5.11 Horizontal Differential Forms |
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107 | (2) |
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6 Euclidean Klein Geometry |
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109 | (18) |
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6.1 Euclidean Space And Its Frame Bundle |
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109 | (3) |
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6.2 Extension Of Euclidean Bundle To Affine Bundle |
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112 | (2) |
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6.3 Meanings Of Covariance |
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114 | (2) |
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6.4 Hodge Duality And Star Operator |
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116 | (3) |
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119 | (2) |
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6.6 Euclidean Structure And Integrability |
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121 | (2) |
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6.7 The Lie Algebra Of The Euclidean Group |
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123 | (1) |
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6.8 Scalar-Valued Clifforms: Kahler Calculus |
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124 | (1) |
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6.9 Relation Between Algebra And Geometry |
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125 | (2) |
IV Cartan Connections |
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127 | (86) |
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7 Generalized Geometry Made Simple |
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129 | (14) |
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7.1 Of Connections And Topology |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (4) |
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7.2.1 The Euclidean 2-Plane |
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131 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Post-Klein 2-Plane With Euclidean Metric |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (4) |
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7.3.1 The Columbus Connection On The Punctured 2-Sphere |
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134 | (2) |
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7.3.2 The Levi-Civita Connection On The 2-Sphere |
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136 | (1) |
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7.3.3 Comparison Of Connections On The 2-Sphere |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (2) |
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7.4.1 Canonical Connection Of The 2-Torus |
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138 | (2) |
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7.4.2 Canonical Connection Of The Metric Of The 2-Torus |
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140 | (1) |
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7.5 Abridged Riemann's Equivalence Problem |
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140 | (1) |
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7.6 Use And Misuse Of Levi-Civita |
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141 | (2) |
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143 | (28) |
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8.1 Lie Differentiation, Invariants And Vector Fields |
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143 | (4) |
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8.2 Affine Connections And Equations Of Structure |
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147 | (3) |
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8.3 Tensoriality Issues And Second Differentiations |
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150 | (3) |
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8.4 Developments And Annulment Of Connection |
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153 | (1) |
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8.5 Interpretation Of The Affine Curvature |
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154 | (2) |
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8.6 The Curvature Tensor Field |
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156 | (2) |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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8.9 Integrability And Interpretation Of The Torsion |
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160 | (1) |
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8.10 Tensor-Valuedness And The Conservation Law |
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161 | (3) |
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8.11 The Zero-Torsion Case |
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164 | (1) |
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8.12 Horrible Covariant Derivatives |
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165 | (2) |
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8.13 Affine Connections: Rigorous Approach |
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167 | (4) |
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171 | (20) |
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9.1 Metrics And The Euclidean Environment |
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171 | (2) |
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9.2 Euclidean Structure And Bianchi Identities |
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173 | (4) |
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9.3 The Two Pieces Of A Euclidean Connection |
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177 | (1) |
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9.4 Affine Extension Of The Levi-Civita Connection |
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178 | (1) |
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9.5 Computation Of The Contorsion |
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179 | (1) |
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9.6 Levi-Civita Connection By Inspection |
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180 | (5) |
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9.7 Stationary Curves And Euclidean Autoparallels |
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185 | (3) |
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9.8 Euclidean And Riemannian Curvatures |
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188 | (3) |
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10 Riemannian Spaces And Pseudo-Spaces |
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191 | (22) |
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10.1 Klein Geometries In Greater Detail |
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191 | (2) |
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10.2 The False Spaces Of Riemann |
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193 | (2) |
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10.3 Method Of Equivalence |
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195 | (2) |
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197 | (2) |
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10.5 Annulment Of Connection At A Point |
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199 | (2) |
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10.6 Emergence And Conservation Of Einstein's Tensor |
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201 | (1) |
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10.7 Einstein's Differential 3-Form |
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202 | (3) |
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10.8 Einstein's 3-Form: Properties And Equations |
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205 | (3) |
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10.9 Einstein Equations For Schwarzschild |
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208 | (5) |
V The Future? |
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213 | (34) |
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215 | (10) |
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215 | (1) |
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11.2 Cartan-Finsler-Clifton |
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216 | (2) |
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218 | (2) |
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11.4 Cartan-Clifford-Kahler |
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220 | (1) |
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11.5 Cartan-Kahler-Einstein-Yang-Mills |
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221 | (4) |
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12 Understand The Past To Imagine The Future |
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225 | (12) |
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225 | (1) |
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12.2 History Of Some Geometry-Related Algebra |
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225 | (2) |
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12.3 History Of Modern Calculus And Differential Forms |
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227 | (2) |
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12.4 History Of Standard Differential Geometry |
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229 | (4) |
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12.5 Emerging Unification Of Calculus And Geometry |
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233 | (2) |
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12.6 Imagining The Future |
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235 | (2) |
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237 | (10) |
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237 | (1) |
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13.2 Farewell To Vector Algebra And Calculus |
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237 | (2) |
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13.3 Farewell To Calculus Of Complex Variable |
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239 | (1) |
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13.4 Farewell To Dirac's Calculus |
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240 | (2) |
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13.5 Farewell To Tensor Calculus |
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242 | (1) |
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13.6 Farewell To Auxiliary Bundles? |
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243 | (4) |
Appendix A: Geometry Of Curves And Surfaces |
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247 | (14) |
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247 | (1) |
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A.2 Surfaces In 3-D Euclidean Space |
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248 | (4) |
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A.2.1 Representations Of Surfaces; Metrics |
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248 | (2) |
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A.2.2 Normal To A Surface, Orthonormal Frames, Area |
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250 | (1) |
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A.2.3 The Equations Of Gauss And Weingarten |
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251 | (1) |
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A.3 Curves In 3-D Euclidean Space |
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252 | (2) |
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A.3.1 Frenet's Frame Field And Formulas |
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252 | (1) |
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A.3.2 Geodesic Frame Fields And Formulas |
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253 | (1) |
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A.4 Curves On Surfaces In 3-D Euclidean Space |
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254 | (7) |
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A.4.1 Canonical Frame Field Of A Surface |
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254 | (1) |
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A.4.2 Principal And Total Curvatures; Umbilics |
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255 | (1) |
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A.4.3 Euler's, Meusnier's And Rodrigues'es Theorems |
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256 | (1) |
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A.4.4 Levi-Civita Connection Induced From 3-D Euclidean Space |
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256 | (1) |
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A.4.5 Theorema Egregium And Codazzi Equations |
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257 | (1) |
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A.4.6 The Gauss-Bonnet Formula |
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257 | (2) |
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A.4.7 Computation Of The "Extrinsic Connection" Of A Surface |
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259 | (2) |
Appendix B: "Biographies" ("Publi" Graphies) |
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261 | (12) |
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B.1 Elie Joseph Cartan (1869-1951) |
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261 | (8) |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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B.1.3 Exterior Differential Systems |
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263 | (1) |
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B.1.4 Genius Even If We Ignore His Working On Algebra, Exterior Systems Proper And Differential Geometry |
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263 | (1) |
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B.1.5 Differential Geometry |
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264 | (1) |
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B.1.6 Cartan The Physicist |
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265 | (1) |
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B.1.7 Cartan As Critic And Mathematical Technician |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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B.2 Hermann Grassmann (1808-1877) |
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269 | (4) |
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269 | (1) |
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B.2.2 Multiplications Galore |
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269 | (1) |
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B.2.3 Tensor And Quotient Algebras |
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270 | (1) |
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B.2.4 Impact And Historical Context |
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271 | (2) |
Appendix C: Publications By The Author |
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273 | (4) |
References |
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277 | (8) |
Index |
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285 | |