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ix | |
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xi | |
Acknowledgments |
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xiii | |
Preface |
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xv | |
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1 Starting Point: Digital Society and Media Linguistics Preview |
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1 | (36) |
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2 | (1) |
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1.1 Digital Society (Aleksandra Gnach) |
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2 | (10) |
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1.1.1 Society and Social Structures |
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3 | (4) |
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1.1.2 Social Change and Technology |
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7 | (1) |
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1.1.3 Sociability in a Digital Society |
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8 | (2) |
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10 | (2) |
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1.2 New Media (Wibke Weber) |
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12 | (11) |
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1.2.1 What Does New Media Mean? |
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13 | (3) |
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1.2.2 Characteristics of New Media |
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16 | (6) |
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1.2.3 The Medium Is the Message |
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22 | (1) |
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1.3 Media Linguistics (Wibke Weber, Aleksandra Gnach) |
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23 | (14) |
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1.3.1 What Is Media Linguistics? |
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24 | (4) |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (2) |
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30 | (3) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (2) |
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2 Theoretical Context: Understanding Public Digital Communication Preview |
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37 | (23) |
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38 | (1) |
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2.1 Network Theories (Aleksandra Gnach) |
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38 | (5) |
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2.1.1 From the Industrial to the Digital Age |
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38 | (1) |
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2.1.2 Weightless Economy and New Forms of Capitalism |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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2.1.4 The Network Society |
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41 | (2) |
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2.2 Digitalization and Public Communication (Aleksandra Gnach) |
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43 | (7) |
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2.2.1 The Ideal of a Public Sphere |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (2) |
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2.2.3 Public Communication in a Networked Public Sphere |
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47 | (3) |
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2.3 Sociality and Social Media (Aleksandra Gnach) |
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50 | (10) |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (1) |
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2.3.3 The Power of Weak Ties |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (2) |
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2.3.5 Algorithmic Socialities |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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Digitalization and Public Communication |
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59 | (1) |
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Sociality and Social Media |
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59 | (1) |
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3 Practical Context: From Writing to Multimodal Communication Preview |
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60 | (35) |
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61 | (1) |
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3.1 Writing (Daniel Perrin) |
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61 | (8) |
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3.1.1 The Relevance of Writing in the Digital Age |
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61 | (2) |
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3.1.2 From Handwriting to Digital Writing |
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63 | (2) |
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3.1.3 Routinized Creative Writing on All Channels |
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65 | (2) |
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3.1.4 Building Digital Writers' Multimedia Mindset |
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67 | (2) |
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3.2 Visual Communication (Martin Engebretsen, Wibke Weber) |
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69 | (11) |
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69 | (1) |
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3.2.2 A Social Semiotic Approach to Visual Communication |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (7) |
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3.2.4 Symbolic and Hidden Meanings in Images |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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3.3 Multimodal Communication (Martin Engebretsen, Wibke Weber) |
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80 | (15) |
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3.3.1 What Is Multimodality? |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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3.3.3 Different Modes - Different Affordances |
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82 | (3) |
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3.3.4 Multimodal Interplay |
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85 | (1) |
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3.3.5 Multimodal Cohesion |
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86 | (3) |
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3.3.6 Practicing Multimodal Communication |
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89 | (2) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (2) |
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4 Professional Context: Journalism, PR, and Community Communication Preview |
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95 | (42) |
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96 | (1) |
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4.1 Digitalization in Journalism and PR (Aleksandra Gnach, Wibke Weber) |
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96 | (15) |
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4.1.1 Digitalization Is Changing the Relationship between Journalism and PR |
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96 | (5) |
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4.1.2 Digitalization in Journalism |
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101 | (4) |
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4.1.3 Digitalization in PR |
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105 | (6) |
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4.2 Why Digital Media Literacy Matters (Wibke Weber) |
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111 | (5) |
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111 | (3) |
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114 | (2) |
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4.3 Skills for Practitioners (Daniel Perrin, Wibke Weber, Martin Engebretsen, Aleksandra Gnach) |
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116 | (9) |
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4.3.1 Writing: The Key Characteristics of Writing in Digital Environments |
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116 | (4) |
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4.3.2 Multimodal Communication: Mastering Everything? |
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120 | (2) |
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4.3.3 Community Communication: Knowing Your Target Audience |
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122 | (3) |
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4.4 Media Ethics (Wibke Weber) |
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125 | (12) |
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4.4.1 Ethics in a Nutshell |
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126 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Applied Ethics in Journalism and PR |
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126 | (3) |
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4.4.3 From Media Ethics to Digital Media Ethics |
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129 | (3) |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (2) |
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135 | (1) |
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Digitalization in Journalism and PR |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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5 Doing Media Linguistic Research Preview |
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137 | (18) |
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138 | (1) |
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5.1 Frameworks (Aleksandra Gnach, Daniel Perrin) |
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138 | (10) |
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5.1.1 Linguistic Frameworks |
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139 | (2) |
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5.1.2 Ethnographic Frameworks |
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141 | (2) |
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5.1.3 Linguistic Ethnography |
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143 | (2) |
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5.1.4 Digital Ethnography |
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145 | (2) |
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5.1.5 Combining Online and Offline Methods in Digital Ethnography |
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147 | (1) |
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5.2 Expanding Ethnography (Daniel Perrin) |
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148 | (7) |
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5.2.1 Theory Building in the Framework of Grounded Theory (GT) |
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148 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Learning from Experts in the Framework of Transdisciplinary Research (TD) |
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149 | (1) |
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5.2.3 Contextualizing Activity in the Framework of Realist Social Theory (RST) |
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150 | (1) |
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5.2.4 Explaining Change in the Framework of Dynamic Systems Theory (DST) |
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150 | (2) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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6 Doing Media Linguistic Analysis Preview |
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155 | (36) |
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156 | (1) |
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6.1 Linguistic Analysis (Daniel Perrin) |
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156 | (7) |
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6.1.1 The Material Focus: Tracking Intertextual Chains with Version Analysis |
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156 | (2) |
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6.1.2 The Mental Focus: Identifying Practiceswith Progression Analysis |
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158 | (2) |
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6.1.3 The Social Focus: Revealing Audience Design with Variation Analysis |
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160 | (1) |
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6.1.4 The Socio-Cognitive Focus: Investigating Language Policying with Metadiscourse Analysis |
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161 | (2) |
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6.2 Visual Analysis (Wibke Weber, Martin Engebretsen) |
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163 | (11) |
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6.2.1 Visual Content Analysis |
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164 | (4) |
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168 | (2) |
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6.2.3 Iconography and Iconology |
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170 | (4) |
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6.3 Multimodal Analysis (Martin Engebretsen, Wibke Weber) |
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174 | (5) |
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6.3.1 First Stage: Describing the Multimodal Text |
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174 | (2) |
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6.3.2 Second Stage: Analyzing the Meaning Potentials of the Multimodal Text |
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176 | (2) |
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6.3.3 Third Stage: Putting the Multimodal Text into Context |
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178 | (1) |
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6.3.4 Don't Forget Intuition and Observation |
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179 | (1) |
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6.4 Combining Quantitative and Qualitative Methods (Wibke Weber, Martin Engebretsen) |
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179 | (12) |
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6.4.1 Quantitative or Qualitative? |
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180 | (1) |
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6.4.2 Combining the Two Traditions: John Snow and the Cholera Map |
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180 | (4) |
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6.4.3 Mixed Methods Approach |
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184 | (2) |
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6.4.4 Strengths and Limitations |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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Combining Quantitative and Qualitative Methods |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (44) |
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192 | (1) |
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7.1 Writing in Journalism: Finding One's Niche in the Dynamic Field of Professional Writing (Daniel Perrin) |
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192 | (8) |
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7.1.1 Contextualizing the MD Case |
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193 | (1) |
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7.1.2 Revealing the Constants during the Investigation Period |
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194 | (1) |
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7.1.3 Identifying the Change during the Investigation Period |
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195 | (1) |
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7.1.4 Revealing Positive Deviants |
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196 | (3) |
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7.1.5 Conclusion: Thinking Outside the Mainstream Box |
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199 | (1) |
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7.2 Multimodal Analysis in Data Journalism: How to Analyze Data Visualizations (Wibke Weber) |
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200 | (12) |
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7.2.1 First Stage: Describing the Multimodal Text |
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200 | (5) |
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7.2.2 Second Stage: Analyzing the Meaning Potentials of the Text |
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205 | (4) |
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7.2.3 Third Stage: Putting the Multimodal Text into Context |
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209 | (2) |
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211 | (1) |
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7.3 Visual and Multimodal Analysis in PR: Corporate Storytelling (Martin Engebretsen) |
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212 | (8) |
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7.3.1 First Stage: Describing the Multimodal Text |
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213 | (1) |
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7.3.2 Second Stage: Meaning Potentials and Multimodal Interplay |
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213 | (4) |
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7.3.3 Third Stage: Text as Social Action |
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217 | (2) |
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219 | (1) |
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7.4 Community Communication: Ethnographies of Social Networks (Aleksandra Gnach) |
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220 | (15) |
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7.4.1 Doing Fieldwork in an Online Environment |
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220 | (2) |
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7.4.2 Making Sense of Ethnographic Data |
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222 | (1) |
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7.4.3 Deepening Ethnographic Insights through Linguistic Analysis |
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223 | (8) |
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7.4.4 Verifying the Results |
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231 | (2) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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8 Public Communication in Transformation: Algorithmic Culture Preview |
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235 | (16) |
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236 | (1) |
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8.1 Algorithms, Artificial Intelligence, and Machine Learning (Wibke Weber, Aleksandra Gnach) |
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236 | (4) |
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8.2 Written by a Robot: Algorithms in Journalism (Wibke Weber) |
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240 | (3) |
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8.3 Communicating with a Chatbot: Algorithms in PR (Aleksandra Gnach) |
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243 | (2) |
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8.4 Algorithms as Actors? (Wibke Weber) |
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245 | (6) |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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Algorithms, Artificial Intelligence, and Machine Learning |
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250 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
Appendix (Wibke Weber, Martin Engebretsen) |
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251 | (14) |
Glossary |
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265 | (14) |
References |
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279 | (28) |
Index |
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307 | |