| Preface |
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11 | (8) |
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Part I Freedom and Necessity in Reformed Thought: The Contemporary Debate |
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1 Introduction: The Present State of the Question |
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19 | (27) |
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1.1 Reformed Thought on Freedom, Contingency, and Necessity: Setting the Stage for Debate |
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19 | (12) |
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1.2 Freedom, Necessity, and Protestant Scholasticism: A Multi-Layered Problem |
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31 | (8) |
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1.3 Synchronic Contingency: Historiographical Issues of Medieval and Early Modern Debate, Conversation, and Reception |
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39 | (7) |
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2 Reformed Thought and Synchronic Contingency |
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46 | (37) |
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2.1 The Argument for Synchronic Contingency |
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46 | (8) |
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2.2 The Logical Issue: Does Synchronic Contingency Resolve the Question of Divine Will and Human Freedom? |
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54 | (9) |
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2.3 Historical and Historiographical Issues |
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63 | (20) |
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A Variant Understandings of the History from Aristotle through the Middle Ages |
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63 | (7) |
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B The Issue of Scotism and Early Modern Reformed Thought |
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70 | (13) |
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Part II Philosophical and Theological Backgrounds: Aristotle, Aquinas, and Duns Scotus |
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3 Aristotle and Aquinas on Necessity and Contingency |
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83 | (56) |
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3.1 Aristotle, Aquinas, and the Debate over Synchronic Contingency |
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83 | (3) |
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A Introduction: The Historical Issues---Transmission and Reception |
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83 | (1) |
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B Aristotle and Aquinas in Current Discussion |
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84 | (2) |
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3.2 The Question of Contingency and the Implication of Possibility in Aristotle |
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86 | (17) |
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3.3 The Medieval Backgrounds: Aristotle, Augustine, Boethius, and the Problem of Plenitude |
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103 | (7) |
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A Augustine and the Ciceronian Dilemma |
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103 | (2) |
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B Boethius and the Medieval Reception of Aristotle |
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105 | (5) |
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3.4 Aquinas and the Medieval Reading of Aristotle |
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110 | (9) |
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3.5 Thomas Aquinas on Divine Power, Necessity, Possibility, Contingency, and Freedom |
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119 | (20) |
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A Aquinas on the Power of God: Absolute, Ordained, and Utterly Free |
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119 | (8) |
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B Necessity, Possibility, Contingency, and Freedom |
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127 | (12) |
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4 Duns Scotus and Late Medieval Perspectives on Freedom |
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139 | (42) |
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4.1 The Assessment of Duns Scotus in Recent Studies |
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139 | (5) |
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4.2 The Potentia Absoluta-Potentia Ordinata Distinction and the Issue of Contingency |
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144 | (3) |
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4.3 Synchronic Contingency, Simultaneous Potency, and Free Choice |
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147 | (15) |
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4.4 The Scotist Alternative in Its Metaphysical and Ontological Framework |
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162 | (8) |
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4.5 Penultimate Reflections |
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170 | (11) |
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Part III Early Modern Reformed Perspectives: Contingency, Necessity, and Freedom in the Real Order of Being |
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5 Necessity, Contingency, and Freedom: Reformed Understandings |
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181 | (30) |
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5.1 Freedom, Necessity, and Divine Knowing in the Thought of Calvin and the Early Reformed Tradition |
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181 | (22) |
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181 | (4) |
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B Calvin on Necessity, Contingency, and Freedom |
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185 | (8) |
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C Freedom and Necessity in the Thought of Vermigli |
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193 | (4) |
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D Zanchi and Ursinus on Contingency and Freedom |
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197 | (6) |
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5.2 Eternal God and the Contingent Temporal Order: Reformed Orthodox Approaches to the Problem |
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203 | (8) |
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A Early Modern Reformed Views: The Basic Formulation |
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203 | (4) |
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B Development of Reformed Conceptions of Eternity |
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207 | (4) |
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6 Scholastic Approaches to Necessity, Contingency, and Freedom: Early Modern Reformed Perspectives |
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211 | (47) |
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211 | (3) |
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6.2 Junius, Gomarus, and Early Orthodox Scholastic Refinement |
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214 | (11) |
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A Junius' disputations on free choice |
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214 | (6) |
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B Gomarus on freedom and necessity |
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220 | (5) |
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6.3 William Twisse: Contingency, Freedom, and the Reception of the Scholastic Tradition |
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225 | (10) |
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6.4 John Owen on Contingency and Freedom |
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235 | (6) |
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6.5 Voetius on Free Will, Choice, and Necessity |
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241 | (6) |
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6.6 Francis Turretin on Necessity, Contingency, and Human Freedom |
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247 | (11) |
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7 Divine Power, Possibility, and Actuality |
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258 | (25) |
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7.1 The Foundation of Possibility: Reformed Understandings |
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258 | (16) |
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A Meanings of "Possible" and "Possibility" |
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258 | (5) |
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B The Foundation of Possibility |
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263 | (11) |
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7.2 Absolute and Ordained Power in Early Modern Reformed Thought |
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274 | (9) |
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A The Historiographical Problem |
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274 | (2) |
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B Calvin and the Potentia Absoluta |
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276 | (4) |
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C Reformed Orthodoxy and the Two Powers of God |
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280 | (3) |
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8 Divine Concurrence and Contingency |
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283 | (28) |
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8.1 Approaches to Concurrence: Early Modem Issues and Modern Scholarly Debate |
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283 | (4) |
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283 | (1) |
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B The Early Modern Issues |
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284 | (3) |
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8.2 Divine Concurrence in Early Modern Reformed Thought |
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287 | (3) |
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8.3 Concurrence, Synchronicity, and Free Choice: Non-Temporal and Temporal Considerations |
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290 | (9) |
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8.4 Synchronic Contingency and Providence: The Ontological Issues |
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299 | (12) |
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311 | (14) |
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9.1 Contingency, Synchronic and Diachronic, and the Issue of Human Freedom |
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311 | (6) |
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9.2 The Historical Narrative---and the Question of Reformed "Scotism" |
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317 | (5) |
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9.3 Reformed Orthodoxy, Determinism, Compatibilism, and Libertarianism |
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322 | (3) |
| Index |
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325 | |
