| How to Use This DMCA Handbook |
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xvii | |
| About the Author |
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xix | |
| Chapter 1 Introduction |
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1 | (6) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (4) |
| Chapter 2 Online Service Providers (OSPs or ISPs) |
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7 | (10) |
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7 | (1) |
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II Search Engines and Directories |
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8 | (1) |
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VI Social Networking Websites |
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VII Blogs and Blog Networks |
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VIII Bulletin Boards/Message Boards |
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10 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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E Document/Presentation Sharing Websites |
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F Photo/Art Sharing Websites |
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XI Project Collaboration Websites |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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XIII Advertising Networks |
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| Chapter 3 Copyright Law Protection of Online Content |
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17 | (12) |
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I An Overview of Copyright Law |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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III Current Copyright Law |
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18 | (1) |
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IV Types of Content Covered by Copyright Law |
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19 | (2) |
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A Text: Literary Works and Computer Programs |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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D Music: Compositions and Sound Recordings |
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A General Rule: Creator Is Owner |
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B Joint Works/Joint Creators |
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22 | (1) |
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C When the Creator Is Not the Copyright Owner |
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22 | (1) |
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VI Exclusive Rights under Copyright Law |
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23 | (3) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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F Digital Audio Transmission for Sound Recordings Only |
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26 | (1) |
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VII What Does "Exclusive" Mean? |
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26 | (1) |
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VIII Copyright Registration |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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X Statute of Limitations (Time Period to File a Lawsuit against the Infringer) |
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27 | (2) |
| Chapter 4 Online Copyright Infringement |
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29 | (8) |
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I Types of Copyright Infringement |
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30 | (5) |
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30 | (1) |
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B Contributory Infringement (Also Called "Secondary Liability") |
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31 | (1) |
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C Induced or Facilitated Infringement |
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31 | (3) |
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34 | (1) |
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II Remedies for Infringement |
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35 | (2) |
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35 | (1) |
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B Injunctions and Restraining Orders |
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35 | (2) |
| Chapter 5 Defenses to Online Copyright Infringement |
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37 | (4) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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V Express or Implied License |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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IX Abandonment of Copyright |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
| Chapter 6 Legislative History of the DMCA |
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41 | (6) |
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41 | (1) |
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II Stakeholder Interests Addressed by the DMCA |
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42 | (2) |
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A Content Providers' and Copyright Owners' Concerns |
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42 | (1) |
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B Online Service Providers' Concerns |
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43 | (1) |
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C Public Interest: Access to a Global Marketplace |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (3) |
| Chapter 7 How the DMCA Protects OSPs |
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47 | (4) |
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I OSP Activities and Safe Harbors |
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47 | (2) |
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II The OSP Is Not Liable to the Infringer or Copyright Owner If It Follows the DMCA Process |
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49 | (1) |
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III The DMCA Does Not Change Underlying Copyright Law |
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49 | (2) |
| Chapter 8 How the DMCA Protects Content Creators and Copyright Owners |
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51 | (2) |
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I Expeditious Removal of Infringing Content |
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51 | (1) |
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II Administrative Subpoenas |
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52 | (1) |
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III Injunctions against OSPs |
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52 | (1) |
| Chapter 9 How the DMCA Protects Infringers |
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53 | (2) |
| Chapter 10 Overview of the DMCA Take-Down Process |
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55 | (6) |
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I Take-Down Process Summary |
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55 | (2) |
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II Outcomes for the OSP, Copyright Owner, and Infringer |
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57 | (1) |
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III Remove or Disable, and Replace, Restore, or Enable |
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58 | (15) |
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A Upon Receipt of a DMCA Take-Down Notice |
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58 | (1) |
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B Upon Receipt of a Counternotification |
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59 | (2) |
| Chapter 11 Limitation of Liability of Public or Nonprofit Educational Institutions |
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61 | (2) |
| Chapter 12 Eligibility Requirements: Transmit Safe Harbor Defense |
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63 | (4) |
| Chapter 13 Eligibility Requirements: Cache Safe Harbor Defense |
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67 | (6) |
| Chapter 14 Eligibility Requirements: Storage Safe Harbor Defense |
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73 | (24) |
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I Storage Safe Harbor Prerequisite One: Service Provider |
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73 | (1) |
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II Storage Safe Harbor Prerequisite Two: Infringing Content Posted at the Direction of a User |
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74 | (5) |
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74 | (1) |
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B Cases: Automated Processing |
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74 | (2) |
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C Human-Reviewed Processing |
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76 | (1) |
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D Cases: Human-Reviewed Processing |
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77 | (2) |
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III Storage Safe Harbor Prerequisite Three: Standard Technical Measures 78 IV Storage Safe Harbor Prerequisite Four: Termination Policy |
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79 | (5) |
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79 | (1) |
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B Inform Users of the OSP's External Account Termination Policy |
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80 | (1) |
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C Implement the Policy in a Reasonable Manner |
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81 | (1) |
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D Cases: Account Termination |
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82 | (2) |
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84 | (1) |
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V Storage Safe Harbor Prerequisite Five: Designated Agent |
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84 | (1) |
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VI Storage Safe Harbor Prerequisite Six: No Actual Knowledge |
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85 | (1) |
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VII Storage Safe Harbor Prerequisite Seven: No Awareness of Facts or Circumstances |
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86 | (4) |
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86 | (1) |
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B Cases: Finding Red Flag Knowledge |
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87 | (1) |
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C Cases: Finding No Red Flag Knowledge |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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E Cases: Willful Blindness |
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89 | (1) |
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F Summary of Actual Knowledge, Red Flag Knowledge (Awareness), and Willful Blindness |
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90 | (1) |
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VIII Storage Safe Harbor Prerequisite Eight: Expeditious Removal of Content |
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90 | (1) |
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IX Storage Safe Harbor Prerequisite Nine: No Financial Benefit |
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90 | (9) |
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A Right and Ability to Control Infringing Activity |
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91 | (1) |
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B Cases: Right and Ability to Control Infringing Activity |
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91 | (2) |
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C Financial Benefit Directly Attributable to Infringing Activity |
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93 | (1) |
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D Cases: Financial Benefit Directly Attributable to Infringing Activity |
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94 | (1) |
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E Measures to Combat Copyright Infringement |
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95 | (2) |
| Chapter 15 Eligibility Requirements: Index Safe Harbor Defense |
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97 | (2) |
| Chapter 16 Designating a DMCA Agent and Establishing DMCA Policies and Procedures |
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99 | (16) |
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I Steps to Designate an Agent and Determine OSP Policy |
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100 | (12) |
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A Step 1: Determine Whom to Designate as the OSP's "Designated Agent" |
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100 | (1) |
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B Step 2: Create a Designated Agent Registration Account at the U.S. Copyright Office |
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101 | (1) |
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C Step 3: Electronically File a Designation of Agent to Receive Notifications of Claimed Infringement |
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102 | (5) |
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D Step 4: Post the Designated Agent Information on Its Service and Website |
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107 | (2) |
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E Step 5: Decide If the OSP Will Provide a Form of DMCA Take-Down Notice That Will Be "Effective" If Properly Completed by the Copyright Owner |
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109 | (1) |
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F Step 6: Decide If the OSP Will Provide a Form of DMCA Counternotification That Will Be "Effective" If Properly Completed by the Alleged Infringer |
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110 | (1) |
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G Step 7: The OSP Must Decide How the Notices Are Sent to the OSP for Both the DMCA Take-Down Notice and Any Counternotification |
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111 | (1) |
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H Step 8: Create the DMCA External Policy |
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112 | (1) |
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I Step 9: Post the DMCA Policy on the OSP's System, Network, and/or Website |
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112 | (1) |
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J Step 10: Determine under What Circumstances the OSP Will "Terminate" the Account of a "Repeat Infringer" |
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112 | (1) |
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II Terms of Service and Privacy Policy |
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112 | (3) |
| Chapter 17 Starting the DMCA Take-Down Process: Copyright Owner's Responsibilities under the DMCA |
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115 | (10) |
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I Elements of an "Effective" DMCA Take-Down Notice |
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116 | (6) |
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II Proof of Misrepresentation |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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IV Additional Information |
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124 | (1) |
| Chapter 18 OSP's Obligations after Receipt of a DMCA Take-Down Notice |
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125 | (6) |
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125 | (4) |
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A Step 1: Review the DMCA Take-Down Notice to Make Sure It Is "Effective" |
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125 | (2) |
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B Step 2: "Expeditiously" Remove or Disable Infringing Content or Infringing "Activity" |
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127 | (1) |
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C Step 3: Take Reasonable Steps to Notify the Infringer That the OSP Has Removed or Disabled the Infringing Content |
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128 | (1) |
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D Step 4: Tickle the OSP's Calendar for a Date That Is Five Days after the OSP Sends the Infringer Form 3 |
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128 | (1) |
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E Step 5: Terminate the Infringer's Account |
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129 | (1) |
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II Case Examples Regarding DMCA Take-Down Notice Requirements |
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129 | (2) |
| Chapter 19 Infringer's Options in Response to a DMCA Take-Down Notice |
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131 | (8) |
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I Elements of an "Effective" Counternotification |
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132 | (2) |
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II When Must the Infringer File the Counternotification? |
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134 | (1) |
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III Personal Information about the Infringer |
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134 | (1) |
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IV Where Can the Copyright Owner Sue the Infringer? |
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135 | (1) |
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V Should the Infringer Send a Counternotification? |
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136 | (3) |
| Chapter 20 OSP's Obligations to the Copyright Owner and Infringer upon Receipt of a Counternotification |
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139 | (4) |
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I What If the OSP Does Not Receive a Counternotification? |
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139 | (1) |
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II OSP's Obligations on Receipt of an Effective Counternotification |
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140 | (1) |
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III Why the OSP Restores the Infringing Content |
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141 | (1) |
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IV What Should the OSP Do If the Infringer Sends an Incomplete Counternotification to the OSP? |
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141 | (2) |
| Chapter 21 Copyright Owner's Considerations upon Receipt of a Counternotification |
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143 | (2) |
| Chapter 22 OSP's Termination of a User's/Subscriber's Account under the DMCA |
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145 | (2) |
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I Enforcement of the DMCA Termination Provision |
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145 | (1) |
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II Termination under Terms of Use |
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146 | (1) |
| Chapter 23 OSP's Obligations If It Receives a Lawsuit Notice before the Expiration of Ten Business Days after Its Receipt of a Counternotification |
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147 | (2) |
| Chapter 24 OSP's Obligations If It Receives a Lawsuit Notice after It Has Restored or Enabled the Allegedly Infringing Content |
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149 | (2) |
| Chapter 25 Copyright Owner's DMCA Remedies: Subpoenas, Injunctions, and Circumvention Lawsuits |
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151 | (8) |
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I Administrative Subpoenas |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (2) |
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155 | (4) |
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A Access Control Circumvention |
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155 | (1) |
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B Copy Control Circumvention |
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156 | (1) |
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C Exemptions to Prohibition against Circumvention |
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157 | (2) |
| Chapter 26 Problems with and Abuse of the DMCA |
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159 | (40) |
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I False Copyright Infringement Claims |
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159 | (1) |
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II The DMCA Used to Extract a Ransom |
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160 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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IV Duty to Provide Truthful Information in All Notices |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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VI DMCA Take-Down Notices That Have Nothing to Do with Copyright |
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161 | (1) |
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VII OSPs Devoted to Hosting Infringing Content on Servers Located Abroad |
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162 | (1) |
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VIII OSP Is Not Required to Validate Information in Notices |
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162 | (1) |
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IX No Public Database of Infringers |
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163 | (36) |
| DMCA Forms and Appendices Index 165 |
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Form 1A DMCA Policy to Post on OSP Website for Storage and Index Safe Harbors-Without Counternotification Form Information 167 |
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Form 1B DMCA Policy to Post on OSP Website for Storage and Index Safe Harbors-With Counternotification Form Information 171 |
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Form 2 DMCA Take-Down Notice Sent by Copyright Owner to OSP (Fill-in or Automated) 175 |
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Form 3 Letter the OSP Promptly Sends to Alleged Infringer 179 |
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Form 4 Counternotification Sent by Alleged Infringer to OSP (Fill-in or Automated) 181 |
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Form 5 Letter the OSP Sends to the Copyright Owner Re: Counternotification 185 |
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Form 6 DMCA Policy Checklist for OSPs 187 |
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Appendix A DMCA Designated Agent Directory Frequently Asked Questions 191 |
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Appendix B Excerpt from YouTube's Terms of Service Relevant to UGC and the DMCA |
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199 | (4) |
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Appendix C YouTube's Automated DMCA Take-Down Notice Process |
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203 | (2) |
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Appendix D YouTube's Automated DMCA Counternotification Process |
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205 | (2) |
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Appendix E Example of Portion of Privacy Policy Regarding Information Provided to Copyright Owner Received from Alleged Infringer in Counternotification |
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207 | (2) |
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Appendix F DMCA-17 U.S.C. § 512 |
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209 | (12) |
| Index |
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