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DNA Sequencing [Mīkstie vāki]

  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 220 pages, height x width: 234x156 mm, weight: 420 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 15-Jun-1997
  • Izdevniecība: Bios Scientific Publishers Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 1859960618
  • ISBN-13: 9781859960615
  • Mīkstie vāki
  • Cena: 48,20 €
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  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 220 pages, height x width: 234x156 mm, weight: 420 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 15-Jun-1997
  • Izdevniecība: Bios Scientific Publishers Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 1859960618
  • ISBN-13: 9781859960615
The technique of DNA Sequencing lies at the heart of modern molecular biology. Since current methods were first introduced, sequence databases have grown exponentially, and are now an indispensable research tool. This up-to-date, practical guide is unique in covering all aspects of the methodology of DNA sequencing, as well as sequence analysis. It describes the basic methods (both manual and automated) and the more advanced techniques (for example, those based on PCR) before moving on to key applications. The final section focuses on the analysis of sequence data; it details the software available, and explains how the Internet can be used for accessing software and major databases.

By explaining the options available and their merits, DNA Sequencing allows newcomers to the field to decide which method is the most suitable for their application. For experienced sequencers the book is a useful reference source for details of the less common techniques and as a means of updating knowledge.
Abbreviations xi
Preface xiii
PART 1: BASIC PRINCIPLES AND METHODS
1. What is DNA Sequencing?
1(10)
An introduction
1(1)
Nucleic acid structure
2(3)
DNA sequencing
5(4)
References
9(2)
2. Chemical Degradation (Maxam and Gilbert) Method
11(4)
A description of the method
11(2)
References
13(2)
3. Chain Termination (Sanger Dideoxy) Method
15(12)
Introduction
15(4)
Cycle sequencing
19(6)
References
25(2)
4. Instrumentation and Reagents
27(14)
Getting started - sequencing kits
27(1)
Oligonucleotide primers
28(3)
Primer design
29(2)
Primer design for cycle sequencing
31(1)
DNA polymerase
31(1)
Label
32(3)
dNTPs and ddNTPs
35(2)
dITP and 7-deaza-dGTP
37(1)
Pyrophosphatase
38(1)
References
39(2)
5. Template Preparation
41(12)
Introduction
41(1)
Preparing single-stranded DNA templates
41(5)
Preparing double-stranded DNA templates (plasmids)
46(1)
PCR products
46(3)
Single-stranded DNA templates from PCR products
47(2)
Large templates (lambda, cosmids, P1)
49(1)
Templates for semi-automated sequencing
50(1)
References
50(3)
6. Gel Electrophoresis
53(10)
Introduction
53(1)
Overview
53(1)
Reading a sequence autoradiogram
54(1)
Gel systems
55(2)
Safety
55(1)
Gel plates
55(1)
Combs
55(1)
Width
56(1)
Thickness
56(1)
Length
56(1)
Temperature control
56(1)
Reagents
57(4)
Long Ranger™
57(3)
Glycerol-tolerant gels
60(1)
Formamide gels
60(1)
Capillary electrophoresis
60(1)
References
61(2)
7. Nonradioactive Methods
63(18)
Introduction
63(1)
Semi-automated sequencers
64(1)
ABI 377
65(6)
Dye terminator chemistry
68(2)
Dye primer chemistry
70(1)
Optimizing sequencing on the ABI 377
71(4)
Template quality
72(1)
Primer quality
73(1)
Template and primer concentrations
74(1)
Removing unincorporated label
74(1)
Future developments
75(2)
Brighter dyes
75(1)
Better electrophoretic resolution
76(1)
Better software
76(1)
Uniform peak heights
76(1)
Increased throughput
76(1)
LI-COR
77(1)
References
78(3)
8 Troubleshooting
81(8)
Introduction
81(3)
Co-termination
84(2)
Secondary structure
84(1)
Dirty template
85(1)
Sequencing near to the primer
85(1)
Incorrect dNTP incorporation
85(1)
Reaction conditions
86(1)
dITP
86(1)
Compressions
86(2)
Base analogs
87(1)
Formamide gels
88(1)
Reference
88(1)
PART 2: APPLICATIONS
9. Confirmatory Sequencing
89(8)
Introduction
89(1)
Checking constructs
89(1)
Sequencing allelic variants
90(1)
Alternatives to DNA sequencing
91(5)
Using restriction endonucleases
91(1)
Using oligonucleotide hybridization
92(1)
Using PCR
93(3)
References
96(1)
10. Sequencing PCR Products
97(14)
Introduction
97(2)
Sequence information from PCR products
99(2)
Sequence analysis of PCR products
99(1)
Fidelity of other polymerases
100(1)
Mutant detection by sequencing PCR products
101(7)
Tailed primers
103(1)
Custom dye primers
103(2)
Dye terminators
105(2)
Confirming the presence of heterozygotes
107(1)
Sequencing methylated DNA
108(2)
References
110(1)
11. Strategies for New Sequence Determination
111(14)
Introduction
111(1)
Directed versus nondirected strategies
112(1)
Primer walking
113(1)
Restriction endonuclease digestion and subcloning
114(2)
'Shotgun' methods
116(1)
Frequently cutting restriction endonucleases
117(1)
Sonication
117(1)
DNase I digestion
117(1)
Transposon-facilitated sequencing
117(1)
Deletion series
118(5)
Exonuclease digests too fast or too slow
120(1)
DNA is completely degraded by exonuclease
121(1)
Difficulty in cloning deletion products
121(1)
Deletions using γδ transposon
122(1)
References
123(2)
PART 3: SEQUENCE ANALYSIS
12. Introduction to Bioinformatics and the Internet
A. Brass
125(8)
Introduction
125(1)
Bioinformatics is a knowledge-based theoretical discipline
125(1)
Access to bioinformatics tools
126(1)
Getting access to tools on the Web
126(1)
Navigating the Web - or how do I find what I want?
127(2)
Using Web-based tools
129(1)
E-mail servers
130(1)
Accessing remote computers to get useful software - anonymous ftp
130(2)
Good and bad practice
132(1)
13. Sequence Databases
A. Brass
133(12)
Background
133(1)
Primary databases
134(1)
DNA databases
134(1)
Genome databases
135(1)
Protein sequence databases
135(2)
Protein structure databases
137(1)
Primary sequence database annotation
138(3)
Information retrieval systems
141(1)
Submitting a sequence to a database
142(3)
14. Sequence Alignment and Database Searches
A. Brass
145(14)
Introduction
145(1)
Scoring matrices
145(2)
Gap penalties
147(1)
Pairwise sequence alignments
148(1)
Multiple sequence alignments
149(1)
Comparing sequences against a database
150(6)
When is a hit significant?
156(1)
References
156(3)
15. Sequencing Projects and Contig Analysis
A. Brass
159(8)
Introduction
159(1)
Analyzing clones
159(1)
Removing the sequence vector
160(1)
Removing other cloning sequence artifacts
160(1)
Contig assembly
161(1)
Predicting protein-coding regions
162(1)
Coding regions in cDNA
162(1)
Coding regions in genomic DNA
163(1)
DNA analysis
164(1)
Restriction enzyme maps
164(1)
Promoters and other DNA control sites
165(1)
RNA secondary structure prediction
166(1)
References
166(1)
16. Protein Function Prediction
A. Brass
167(12)
Introduction
167(1)
Comparing a protein sequence against a sequence database to determine function
167(3)
Hydrophobicity, transmembrane helices, leader sequences and sorting
170(1)
Calculating hydrophobicity profiles
170(1)
Predicting transmembrane helices
170(2)
Leader sequences and protein localization
172(1)
Coiled-coils
172(1)
Comparing a protein sequence against motif and profile databases to determine function
173(1)
Motif databases - PROSITE
174(1)
Profile databases
175(1)
References
176(3)
17. Protein Structure Prediction
A. Brass
179(10)
Introduction
179(2)
Protein structure resources
181(1)
Secondary structure prediction
182(1)
Tertiary structure prediction
183(1)
Comparison against sequences of known structure
183(1)
Homology modeling
184(1)
Threading algorithms and fold recognition
184(2)
Critical assessment of structure prediction (CASP)
186(1)
References
187(2)
Appendices 189(14)
Appendix A: Glossary
189(6)
Appendix B: Amino acid and nucleotide codes
195(2)
Appendix C: Suppliers
197(6)
Index 203


Dr Luke Alphey