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E-grāmata: Doing Integrated History and Philosophy of Science: A Case Study of the Origin of Genetics

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Doing Integrated History and Philosophy of Science: A Case Study of the Origin of GeneticsPalielināt
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This book offers an integrated historical and philosophical examination of the origin of genetics. The author contends that an integrated HPS analysis helps us to have a better understanding of the history of genetics, and sheds light on some general issues in the philosophy of science. This book consists of three parts. It begins with historical problems, revisiting the significance of the work of Mendel, de Vries, and Weldon. Then it turns to integrated HPS problems, developing an exemplar-based analysis of the development and the progress in early genetics. Finally, it discusses philosophical problems: conceptual change, evidence, and theory choice. Part I lays out a new historiography, serving as a basis for the discussions in part II and part III. Part II introduces a new integrated HPS method to analyse and interpret the historiography in Part I and to re-examine the philosophical issues in Part III. Part III develops new philosophical accounts which will in turn make a better sense of the history of scientific practice more generally. This book provides a practical defence of integrated HPS: the best way to defend integrated HPS is to do it.


Recenzijas

This is an interesting book. the volume offers new insights about the history of early genetics, and shows clearly the value of doing integrated history and philosophy of science. (Kostas Kampourakis, The Quarterly Review of Biology, Vol. 98 (4), December, 2023) As a fellow-traveler in integrated HPS, I agree wholeheartedly with Shan that the proof of the pudding is in the eating. And the numerous interesting, nuanced insights that his approach allows us to bring to the incredibly fruitful period of the development of early genetics makes the work done here worthy of the attention of any scholar interested either in this particular case study or in the prospects more generally for integrated HPS work, both within and beyond the life sciences. (Charles H. Pence, Metascience, April 12, 2022)

1 Introduction
1(14)
1.1 History and Philosophy of Science
1(3)
1.2 Integrated History and Philosophy of Science
4(3)
1.3 Integrated HPS in Practice: The Case of the Origin of Genetics
7(2)
References
9(6)
Part I History
2 Mendel's Pisum Revisited
15(22)
2.1 Mendel's Concern
15(1)
2.2 Mendel and Gartner on Entwicklung (Development)
16(8)
2.3 Mendel's "Entwicklungsreihe (Developmental Series)"
24(3)
2.4 Mendel's Novel Conceptualisation: The Laws of Developmental Series
27(3)
2.5 Mendel and the Study of Heredity
30(3)
2.6 Conclusion
33(1)
References
34(3)
3 De Vries' Mendelism Reassessed
37(16)
3.1 The Rediscovery Story
37(2)
3.2 No Mendel, No Mendelians'
39(5)
3.2.1 The 3:1 Ratio in the 1896 Notes
40(2)
3.2.2 Mendel and the Law of Segregation
42(2)
3.3 De Vries' Introduction of Segregation
44(5)
3.3.1 From Mendel to Mendelism
44(1)
3.3.2 From Activeness to Dominance
45(3)
3.3.3 From Correspondence to Segregation
48(1)
3.4 Conclusion
49(1)
References
50(3)
4 Weldon's Choice Reconsidered
53(20)
4.1 The Mendelian-Biometrician Controversy
53(1)
4.2 Weldon as a Biometrician
54(2)
4.3 Weldon's Theory of Inheritance
56(8)
4.3.1 The Outline
57(1)
4.3.2 The Methodology of the Study of Inheritance
58(2)
4.3.3 The Aim of Theory of Inheritance
60(1)
4.3.4 The Theory
61(2)
4.3.5 Summary and Remarks
63(1)
4.4 Weldon, No Biometrician
64(3)
4.4.1 Pearson vs. Weldon Reconsidered
64(2)
4.4.2 Beyond Mendelism and Biometry
66(1)
4.5 Conclusion
67(1)
References
67(6)
Part II Integrated HPS
5 Exemplarising the Origin of Genetics
73(28)
5.1 Introduction
73(1)
5.2 The Theory-Based Accounts of the Origin of Genetics
74(6)
5.3 The Kuhnian Accounts
80(1)
5.4 A New Interpretation of Exemplar and the Exemplar-Based Approach
81(5)
5.5 An Exemplar-Based Account of the Origin of Genetics
86(10)
5.6 Conclusion
96(1)
References
97(4)
6 A Functional Account of the Progress in Early Genetics
101(18)
6.1 Scientific Progress and the Origin of Genetics
101(1)
6.2 A New Functional Approach to Scientific Progress
102(2)
6.3 How Early Genetics Progressed
104(3)
6.4 The Problems of the Kuhn-Laudan Functional Approach Revisited
107(4)
6.5 Beyond Knowledge, Truth, and Intervening
111(5)
6.6 Conclusion
116(1)
References
116(3)
7 The Problem of the Long Neglect Revisited: An Exemplar-Based Explanation
119(18)
7.1 Two Problems of the Long Neglect
119(2)
7.2 The Traditional Diagnoses of the Long Neglect
121(4)
7.2.1 Explanation 1: Mendel's Work Was Not Accepted
121(2)
7.2.2 Explanation 2: Mendel's Work Was Unknown
123(1)
7.2.3 Summary and Remarks
124(1)
7.3 Mendel's Contribution Reconsidered
125(2)
7.3.1 The Traditional Philosophical Analyses
125(1)
7.3.2 The Exemplar-Based Analysis
126(1)
7.4 Why Mendel's Contribution Was Neglected
127(3)
7.4.1 The Nature of the Long Neglect
127(1)
7.4.2 The Exemplar-based Explanation
128(2)
7.4.3 The Exemplar-Based Explanation and Old Intellectual Explanations
130(1)
7.5 Conclusion
130(1)
References
131(6)
Part III Philosophy
8 A New Mode of Conceptual Continuity
137(22)
8.1 Conceptual Change: Variance and Continuity
137(3)
8.2 What if Everything Changes? The Case of the Concept of Dominance
140(6)
8.3 A Holistic Approach to Conceptual Change
146(2)
8.4 Two Modes of Continuity and Conceptual Continuity
148(3)
8.5 The Case of the Concept of Dominance Revisited
151(3)
8.6 Conclusion
154(1)
References
155(4)
9 The Gap Problem in Hypothetico-Deductivism
159(18)
9.1 Mendel's Evidence and the Gap Problem
159(3)
9.2 The Diagnosis of the Gap Problem and the Achinsteinian Solution
162(4)
9.3 A New Solution: From Evidence to Evidential Practice
166(3)
9.4 The Gap Problem Revisited
169(3)
9.4.1 The Defence of Descriptive Adequacy
169(1)
9.4.2 The Defence of Philosophical Adequacy
169(3)
9.5 Normativity and Contextualism in H-D Evidential Practice
172(2)
9.6 Conclusion
174(1)
References
174(3)
10 Promisingness in Theory Choice
177(16)
10.1 Theory Choice in Science
177(1)
10.2 The Choices in the Mendelian-Biometrician Controversy
178(3)
10.3 Promisingness as Potential Usefulness
181(3)
10.4 Promisingness, Potential Progressiveness, Potential Fertility, and Fruitfulness
184(5)
10.5 Argument from Normativity
189(1)
10.6 Conclusion
189(1)
References
190(3)
Appendix 193(2)
Index 195
Yafeng Shan is research associate in philosophy at the University of Kent. He has previously held teaching and research positions at Tel Aviv University and Durham University. He completed his PhD at University College London. His research interest is primarily in philosophy of science, epistemology, and metaphysics. He has published research articles in Philosophy of Science, Synthese, and Philosophy Compass.
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