Acknowledgements |
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v | |
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xi | |
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List of Diagrams and Tables |
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xiii | |
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xv | |
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xxiii | |
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1 | (6) |
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I What is the Duty of Care? |
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1 | (1) |
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II Making Sense of the Duty of Care |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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IV The Structure of this Book |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (2) |
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2 The Historical Foundations of the Duty of Care |
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7 | (28) |
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7 | (1) |
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II The Beginnings of the Duty of Care |
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8 | (11) |
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A Duty Enters Relationship Negligence: From Contract to Tort and the Elevation of Duty |
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9 | (4) |
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B Duty Enters Non-Relationship Negligence |
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13 | (3) |
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C Duty as an Element of the Action for Negligence |
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16 | (3) |
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III Towards a General Conception |
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19 | (14) |
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22 | (3) |
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B The Twentieth Century and the Ever-Changing Role of Foreseeability |
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25 | (5) |
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30 | (3) |
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33 | (2) |
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3 Methods for Determining the Existence of a Duty of Care |
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35 | (44) |
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35 | (1) |
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II The Aftermath of Donoghue v Stevenson |
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36 | (3) |
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III The Staggering March of Negligence |
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39 | (5) |
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IV The Rise and Fall of Anns v Merton |
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44 | (3) |
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47 | (9) |
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48 | (1) |
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48 | (6) |
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C Policy Considerations and What is Fair, Just, and Reasonable |
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54 | (2) |
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VI Canada and the `Two Stage' Test |
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56 | (2) |
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VII Assumption of Responsibility and the `Extended' Hedley Byrne Principle |
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58 | (7) |
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VIII Australia and the `Salient Features' Test |
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65 | (5) |
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70 | (3) |
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73 | (3) |
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76 | (3) |
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79 | (32) |
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79 | (1) |
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II The Dual Function of Duty |
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79 | (5) |
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79 | (3) |
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B Factual and Notional Duty |
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82 | (2) |
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III Factual Duty, Fault, and Remoteness |
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84 | (5) |
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85 | (2) |
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B Factual Duty and Remoteness |
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87 | (2) |
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IV Factual Duty and the Problem of the Unforeseeable Plaintiff |
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89 | (15) |
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A Palsgraf, Bourhill and Re Polemis |
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90 | (3) |
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B Is the Duty of Care a `Real' Duty? |
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93 | (3) |
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C Is the Problem of the Unforeseeable Plaintiff Relevant to the Wrong or the Remedy? |
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96 | (1) |
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i The Distinction is Arbitrary |
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97 | (1) |
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ii Foreseeability of Harm to the Plaintiff and Foreseeability of the Kind of Harm cannot be Considered in Isolation from One Another |
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98 | (6) |
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iii We Must Simultaneously Accept Contradictory Rationales |
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104 | (1) |
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V Why Factual Duty Entered the Duty Enquiry and Why it Remains |
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104 | (3) |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (3) |
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5 Notional Duty I: General Principles |
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111 | (40) |
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111 | (1) |
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II The `Categorical' Nature of Notional Duty |
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112 | (19) |
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A Notional Duty Situations are both Inclusionary and Exclusionary |
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114 | (3) |
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B The `Relationship' and `Interest' Views of Notional Duty |
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117 | (4) |
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C The Level of Generality of the Notional Duty Situation |
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121 | (2) |
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D Notional Duty Situations and Questions of Fault |
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123 | (5) |
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E The `Scope' of the Duty |
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128 | (3) |
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III Assumptions of Responsibility |
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131 | (8) |
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A A Distinctive Type of Justification? |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (5) |
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138 | (1) |
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IV Putting it all Together: The Structure of the Notional Duty Enquiry |
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139 | (5) |
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V A Suggested Approach to Resolving Notional Duty Problems |
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144 | (4) |
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148 | (3) |
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6 Notional Duty II: Theoretical Issues |
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151 | (24) |
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151 | (1) |
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II The Use of Policy Considerations |
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151 | (13) |
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A Judges are not Qualified to Rely on Policy Considerations |
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153 | (4) |
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B The Use of Policy Requires the Balancing of Incommensurables |
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157 | (1) |
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C The Use of Policy Considerations Violates the Rule of Law |
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158 | (4) |
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D The Use of Policy-Based Arguments Makes the Law Less Coherent |
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162 | (2) |
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E Is the Use of Policy Permissible? |
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164 | (1) |
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III The Need for Notional Duty |
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164 | (8) |
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A Attacks on Notional Duty |
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165 | (3) |
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B Why is the Notional Duty Enquiry So Broad? |
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168 | (1) |
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C Comparison to Other Legal Systems |
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168 | (3) |
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D Is Notional Duty Necessary? |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (3) |
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7 Comparing the Duty Methodologies of Australia, Canada and the UK |
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175 | (38) |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (2) |
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III The Competing Methodologies |
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178 | (32) |
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A A Brief Overview of the Data |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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ii Nature of the Decision being Appealed |
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179 | (1) |
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iii The Number of Independent Opinions per Case |
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180 | (1) |
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iv Success Rates of Claimants and Defendants |
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181 | (2) |
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B The Use of General Duty Tests |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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184 | (5) |
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C Determining the Existence of a Duty without General Tests |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (4) |
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iv Some Additional Commentary |
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194 | (1) |
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D Do the Courts Approach the Duty Enquiry in a Categorical or Fact Specific Manner? |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (3) |
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E To What Extent Do Courts Rely on Policy Considerations? |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (2) |
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202 | (2) |
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204 | (3) |
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F To What Extent Do Courts Rely on Academic Literature? |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (2) |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (3) |
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213 | (4) |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (2) |
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216 | (1) |
Appendix |
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217 | (4) |
Index |
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221 | |