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E-grāmata: Dynamic Locational Phases of Economic Activity in the Globalized World

  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 11-Mar-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Springer Verlag, Singapore
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789811005244
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Dynamic Locational Phases of Economic Activity in the Globalized WorldPalielināt
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 11-Mar-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Springer Verlag, Singapore
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789811005244
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This book clarifies the mechanisms of economic globalization in changing industries locations and shows how industries locations have changed through those mechanisms. First, the book deals with the retailing industry. Introducing the concept of a contact price into the market area analysis, it is shown in Part I that retailers market areas and prices are changed in different ways by a reduction of transportation costs. The mechanism of these changes is explained by checking the contact prices at apexes of the retailers market areas. Then the book moves to the manufacturing industry and deals with a firms production process. Part II of the book shows the manner in which the production volume of factories within an agglomeration is decreased as the number of factories within the agglomeration increases. Subsequently, considering the fact that many production factories depart from agglomerations to other sites to reduce production costs, a method of searching for a factorys new site is proposed in which a firm can seek out an optimal location of a factory in a short period of time. By referring to a chaotic phenomenon, a firm sets a location prospective area in a large geographical area and selects an optimal location within that area. In the third part of the book the city system is the focus. Part III elucidates the theoretical formation of a city system and analyzes structural changes of a city system due to a reduction of transportation costs. The mechanism of the change is explained by a flexible market area theory which studies a city system by using the market areas established in the free-entry equilibrium. Then, the economic relationships between the cities within a city system are examined from the point of view of the land rent in the cities areas. This analysis shows the influences of a change in the largest city on other cities. Finally, the relationships between a city system and regional performance are examined using real data.The examination shows that the city system reveals the regional performance.
Part I Location Theory of Retailing Industry
1 Market Areas of Retailers in Linear Space
3(12)
1.1 Formation Mechanism of a Monopoly Retailer's Market
3(6)
1.1.1 Basic Assumptions
3(1)
1.1.2 Formation of the Market Area and Derivation of the Retailer's Profit
4(3)
1.1.3 Retailer's Price and Location in Limited Liner Space
7(2)
1.2 Emergence of Competition and Competition Styles
9(2)
1.2.1 Retailers' Situation Before the Emergence of Free-Entry Competition
9(1)
1.2.2 Change of Retailers' Situation Due to a Reduction of Transportation Costs
9(1)
1.2.3 Analysis of Competition Styles Between the Retailers
10(1)
1.3 Equilibrium Price and Market Size Established in Linear Markets
11(4)
1.3.1 Equilibrium Prices and Market Sizes in Three Different Competition Styles
11(1)
1.3.2 The Mechanisms of a Changing Equilibrium by Competition Style
12(1)
1.3.3 Characteristics of the Established Market Situations
13(2)
2 Market Areas of Retailers in Plane Space
15(34)
2.1 Shapes of Boundary Between Two Retailers' Market Areas
15(7)
2.1.1 Derivation of the Shapes of Market Boundaries by Using Two Regular Cone Surfaces
15(2)
2.1.2 Boundary Shape in the Case of the Same Prices and Transportation Costs
17(1)
2.1.3 Boundary Shape in a Case of the Same Prices and Different Transport Costs
18(1)
2.1.4 Boundary Shape in a Case of Different Prices and the Same Transportation Costs
18(1)
2.1.5 Boundary Shape in a Case of Different Prices and Different Transportation Costs
19(1)
2.1.6 Boundary in a Case of the Same Retailers' Locations and Different Transportation Costs
20(1)
2.1.7 Market Boundary Shapes Derived by a Method of Numerical Calculation
21(1)
2.1.8 A Comment on the Market Boundary Analysis
22(1)
2.2 Market Area in Spatial Free-Entry Equilibrium
22(8)
2.2.1 Feasible Market Shapes in a Free-Entry Equilibrium
22(1)
2.2.2 Market Shapes of Retailers in Free-Entry Competitive Equilibria
23(2)
2.2.3 Shapes of Demand Curves in Retail Market Space
25(5)
2.3 Effects of a Variety of Items on Retailers' Market Situations
30(11)
2.3.1 Effects of the Variety of Items on the Boundary of Market Areas
31(4)
2.3.2 Effect of the Variety of Items on Retailers' Market Area Size
35(5)
2.3.3 The Difference in Traction Powers at a Store and the Market Boundary
40(1)
2.4 Effects of Freight Rate on Items and Market of a Shopping Center
41(8)
2.4.1 Assumptions and Framework
42(2)
2.4.2 The Number of Retailers and Market Area of a Shopping Center
44(1)
2.4.3 Change of the Number of Retailers at Centers Due to Decreasing Freight Rates
45(4)
3 Market Analysis Using the Contact Price Curve
49(8)
3.1 Derivation of Spatial Free-Entry Equilibria Using an Existing Method
49(2)
3.1.1 Derivation of Losch Equilibrium in Spatial Free-Entry Market Space
49(1)
3.1.2 Derivation of the Greenhut-Ohta Equilibrium in a Spatial Free-Entry Market Space
50(1)
3.2 Analysis of Spatial Free-Entry Equilibria Using the Contact Price Curve
51(6)
3.2.1 Derivation of the Contact Price Curve
51(1)
3.2.2 Analysis of Free-Entry Competitive Equilibria in a Plane Market Space
52(5)
Part II Location Theory of Manufacturing Industry
4 Change of a Factory's Production in Agglomeration
57(12)
4.1 Formation of Industrial Agglomeration
57(1)
4.2 The Relationship Between the Number of Factories and Agglomeration Economies
58(5)
4.2.1 Internal and External Economies in an Agglomeration
58(1)
4.2.2 Relationship Between the Number of Factories and Agglomeration Economies
59(2)
4.2.3 Mechanism of Structural Changes of Production in Agglomeration
61(1)
4.2.4 Reformation of Agglomerations Due to Fragmentation Production
62(1)
4.3 Spatial Departure of Production Processes from Agglomeration
63(6)
4.3.1 Assumptions for the Analysis of a Factory's Production Function
63(1)
4.3.2 A Firm's Profits as Derived from Different Production Modes
64(5)
5 Location Theory for a Factory in the Globalized World
69(30)
5.1 Factory's Location in the Globalized World
69(1)
5.2 Derivation of the Profit Function of a Firm
70(5)
5.2.1 Assumptions and Framework of the Analysis
70(1)
5.2.2 Derivation of the Profit Function of Factory 1
71(2)
5.2.3 The Profit Functions of Factory 2 and the Firm
73(2)
5.3 Settlement of a Prospective Location
75(2)
5.3.1 Usefulness of a Chaotic Phenomenon
75(2)
5.3.2 Formation of the Location Prospective Area
77(1)
5.4 Firm's Profits and Revenues in Countries with Different Corporate Tax Rates
77(1)
5.5 Location Power of the Corporate Tax and the Interest Rate
78(7)
5.5.1 Assumptions for the Examination of Location Power of Corporate Tax Rates
78(1)
5.5.2 Location of the Factory When the Corporate Tax Rate Is Relatively High
79(1)
5.5.3 Change of Position of LPA Due to a Reduction of the Corporate Tax Rate
79(2)
5.5.4 Position of the LPA When the Corporate Tax Rate Is Relatively Low
81(1)
5.5.5 Location Power of the Interest Rate of the Country
81(4)
5.6 Effects on a Factory's Location in an Industrial Park and Industrial Complex
85(14)
5.6.1 Locational Shift of a Factory Due to an Increasing Change of Production Efficiency
85(2)
5.6.2 Relationship Between the Location of the Industrial Park and Production Efficiency
87(4)
5.6.3 Industrial Complex Aiming to Reduce Fixed Costs and Its Location
91(2)
5.6.4 Effects of Improving the Industrial Park and Industrial Complex on the Manufacturing Firm
93(2)
5.6.5 Differences Between an Industrial Park and Industrial Complex in Location Policy Making
95(4)
Part III Location Theory of City System
6 City Systems Built on the Basis of Economic Activity
99(28)
6.1 City Systems Constructed on the Basis of Market Area Theory
100(5)
6.1.1 City Systems by Traditional Market Area Theory
100(1)
6.1.2 City System in a Spatial Competitive Market Space
101(2)
6.1.3 Change of a City System Due to a Reduction of Transportation Costs
103(2)
6.2 City System Built by Using Cities' Production Functions
105(11)
6.2.1 Assumptions and Framework
105(2)
6.2.2 Change of Optimal Population Size Due to an Increase of a Region's Population
107(5)
6.2.3 Changes of a City System Due to an Increase of the Region's Population
112(3)
6.2.4 Population Distribution Within a City System in Sweden
115(1)
6.3 Change of a City System in the Real World
116(11)
6.3.1 Polarization of a City System by a Change in the Manufacturing Industry
117(1)
6.3.2 Polarization of a City System by a Change of the Retail Industry
117(1)
6.3.3 A Simple Test of the Hypothesis of a Polarized City System in a Country
118(1)
6.3.4 Reduction of Medium Cities' Shares of Laborers and Population in 1990's
118(4)
6.3.5 Distributions of Economic Activity and Population in City Systems in Japan and Sweden
122(4)
6.3.6 Results of the Inspection of the Hypothesis of Polarization of Population
126(1)
7 Analysis of a City System by Using Cities' Land Rents
127(10)
7.1 Assumptions and Framework of the Analysis
127(3)
7.2 Land Rent and Capital Amount in a City
130(1)
7.2.1 Land Rent Distribution in a City Area
130(1)
7.2.2 Capital Amount Used by Manufacturing Firms
130(1)
7.3 Analysis of Land Rents and Production Amounts of Cities Within a City System
131(2)
7.4 Influences of Changes in Freight Rates and Production Efficiency on Cities
133(4)
7.4.1 Effect of a Decrease of Freight Rate in the Largest City on Land Rent and Production
133(1)
7.4.2 Effects of Increasing Production Efficiency on Land Rent and Production
134(3)
8 City System as a Location Factor
137(14)
8.1 Role of a City System in a Firm's Location Decision-Making
137(1)
8.2 Numerical Index of Characteristics of a City System
138(2)
8.2.1 Derivation of the City System Index
138(1)
8.2.2 Divergence of a City's Population Distribution Toward the Largest City
138(1)
8.2.3 Spatial Convergence of Distribution of a City's Location in a Region
139(1)
8.2.4 Derivation of the City System Index
139(1)
8.2.5 City System Indexes of 47 Prefectures in Japan
140(1)
8.3 Estimation of the Social Health of 47 Prefectures in Japan
140(5)
8.4 Relationships Between the City System and a Prefecture's Performances
145(2)
8.4.1 Relationship Between City Systems and Economic Performance of Regions
145(1)
8.4.2 The Relationship Between City Systems and Welfare of Regions
145(1)
8.4.3 No Relationship Between City Systems and the Education of Regions
146(1)
8.4.4 Relationship Between City Systems and Social Health of Regions
146(1)
8.5 City System as a Location Factor
147(1)
Appendix: Elements of the Seven Items Composing Social Health
148(3)
References 151
Toshiharu Ishikawa, Faculty of Economics, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
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