Atjaunināt sīkdatņu piekrišanu

E-grāmata: Ecological Model Types

Volume editor (Emeritus Professor, Copenhagen University, Denmark)
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
  • Formāts - PDF+DRM
  • Cena: 107,82 €*
  • * ši ir gala cena, t.i., netiek piemērotas nekādas papildus atlaides
  • Ielikt grozā
  • Pievienot vēlmju sarakstam
  • Šī e-grāmata paredzēta tikai personīgai lietošanai. E-grāmatas nav iespējams atgriezt un nauda par iegādātajām e-grāmatām netiek atmaksāta.
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

DRM restrictions

  • Kopēšana (kopēt/ievietot):

    nav atļauts

  • Drukāšana:

    nav atļauts

  • Lietošana:

    Digitālo tiesību pārvaldība (Digital Rights Management (DRM))
    Izdevējs ir piegādājis šo grāmatu šifrētā veidā, kas nozīmē, ka jums ir jāinstalē bezmaksas programmatūra, lai to atbloķētu un lasītu. Lai lasītu šo e-grāmatu, jums ir jāizveido Adobe ID. Vairāk informācijas šeit. E-grāmatu var lasīt un lejupielādēt līdz 6 ierīcēm (vienam lietotājam ar vienu un to pašu Adobe ID).

    Nepieciešamā programmatūra
    Lai lasītu šo e-grāmatu mobilajā ierīcē (tālrunī vai planšetdatorā), jums būs jāinstalē šī bezmaksas lietotne: PocketBook Reader (iOS / Android)

    Lai lejupielādētu un lasītu šo e-grāmatu datorā vai Mac datorā, jums ir nepieciešamid Adobe Digital Editions (šī ir bezmaksas lietotne, kas īpaši izstrādāta e-grāmatām. Tā nav tas pats, kas Adobe Reader, kas, iespējams, jau ir jūsu datorā.)

    Jūs nevarat lasīt šo e-grāmatu, izmantojot Amazon Kindle.

Ecological Model Types brings an understanding on how to quantitatively analyze complex and dynamic ecosystems with the tools available today. Ecosystem studies widely use the notions of order, complexity, randomness, and organization, and are used interchangeably in literature, which causes much confusion.

Better models synthesize our knowledge on ecosystems and their environmental problems, in contrast to statistical analysis, which only reveal the relationships between the data. This book brings together experts on ecological models to create a definitive work on how to understand our complex Earth.

  • Bridges the gap between statistical analysis and synthesis of data, enhancing our understanding about ecosystems and their environmental problems
  • Helps readers understand complex ecosystems by walking through the best modeling options to analyze and predict environmental effects
  • Provides a detailed review of 14 model types, covering the breadth of options available for analysis at this time

Papildus informācija

This book provides an understanding on how to analyze quantitatively complex and dynamic ecosystems with the tools available today
List of Contributors
vii
Acknowledgements ix
1 Introduction: An Overview
S.E. Jørgensen
1.1 Application of Ecological Modeling
1(3)
1.2 Model Classification and Model Types
4(3)
1.3 Application of the 14 Model Types
7(2)
1.4 The Ecosystem as an Object for Modeling
9(4)
References
11(2)
2 Biogeochemical Models
S.E. Jørgensen
2.1 Advantages and Properties of Biogeochemical Models
13(3)
2.2 Modeling Elements
16(3)
2.3 The Modeling Procedure
19(14)
2.4 Ecological and Environmental Biogeochemical Models
33(6)
References
38(1)
3 Dynamic Population Models
T. Legovic
3.1 A Definition of a Population Model
39(1)
3.2 The First Law (Model) of Population Dynamic: Malthus Law
40(3)
3.3 The Second Law of Population Dynamics: Verhulst Law
43(1)
3.4 A Logistic Population in Periodic Environment
44(2)
3.5 A Logistic Population in a Random Environment
46(2)
3.6 Prey--Predator Models
48(4)
3.7 Models of Competition
52(3)
3.8 Models of Cooperation
55(1)
3.9 Food Chains
56(2)
3.10 Cycling of Matter
58(3)
3.11 Conclusions
61(1)
3.12 A Brief History of Population Modeling
62(4)
References
63(3)
4 Steady State Models
X.-Z. Kong
F.-L. Xu
W. He
W.-X. Liu
B. Yang
4.1 Steady State Model: Ecopath as an Example
66(2)
4.2 Ecopath Model for a Large Chinese Lake: A Case Study
68(18)
4.3 Conclusions
86(5)
References
86(5)
5 Earth's Surface Modeling
T.X. Yue
N. Zhao
Z.P. Du
5.1 Introduction
91(1)
5.2 Equivalent Indexes
92(1)
5.3 High Accuracy Surface Modeling
93(4)
5.4 The Fundamental Theorem of Earth's Surface Modeling and Its Corollaries
97(1)
5.5 Conclusions
98(5)
References
99(4)
6 Application of Structurally Dynamic Models (SDMs)
S.E. Jørgensen
6.1 Introduction
103(1)
6.2 Ecosystem Properties
104(4)
6.3 Development of Structurally Dynamic Models
108(4)
6.4 Overview of Structurally Dynamic Models Using Work Energy as Goal Function
112(3)
6.5 Development of Structurally Dynamic Model for Darwin's Finches
115(2)
6.6 Application of Structurally Dynamic Model for the Assessment of Ecological Changes Due to Climate Changes
117(4)
6.7 Conclusions
121(3)
References
121(3)
7 Artificial Neural Networks: Multilayer Perceptron for Ecological Modeling
Y.-S. Park
S. Lek
7.1 Introduction
124(1)
7.2 Multilayer Perceptron
125(7)
7.3 MLPs in Ecological Modeling
132(1)
7.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of MLPs
133(1)
7.5 Example of MLP Usage in Ecological Modeling
134(7)
References
138(3)
8 Ecotoxicological Models
S.E. Jørgensen
8.1 Application of Ecotoxicological Models
141(3)
8.2 Characteristics of Ecotoxicological Models
144(10)
8.3 An Overview: The Application of Models in Ecotoxicology
154(1)
8.4 Estimation of Ecotoxicological Parameters
154(12)
8.5 Ecotoxicological Case Study I: Contamination of Agricultural Products by Cadmium and Lead
166(6)
8.6 Illustrations of Ecotoxicological Models Used as Experimental Tools
172(10)
References
176(6)
9 Fugacity Models
X.-Z. Kong
F.-L Xu
W. He
W.-X. Liu
B. Yang
9.1 Fugacity Models: Development and Applications
182(3)
9.2 Fugacity Model for PAHs in Lake Small Baiyangdian, Northern China: A Case Study
185(20)
9.3 Conclusions
205(7)
Acknowledgments
206(1)
References
206(6)
10 Fuzzy Adaptive Management of Coupled Natural and Human Systems
T. Prato
10.1 Introduction
212(1)
10.2 Methods
213(9)
10.3 Discussion
222(2)
10.4 Conclusions
224(4)
References
224(4)
11 Coastal Ecosystem Modeling in the Context of Climate Change: An Overview With Case Studies
D. Justic
S.M. Duke-Sylvester
J.M. Visser
Z. Xue
J. Liang
11.1 Models as Tools for Assessing the Effects of Climate Change on Coastal Ecosystems
228(2)
11.2 Case Studies
230(24)
11.3 Challenges in Predicting the Effects of Climate Change on Coastal Ecosystems
254(1)
11.4 Conclusions
255(6)
Acknowledgments
255(1)
References
255(6)
Index 261
Sven Erik Jųrgensen was the professor emeritus in environmental chemistry at the University of Copenhagen. He received a master of science in chemical engineering from the Danish Technical University (1958), a doctor of environmental engineering (Karlsruhe University) and a doctor of science in ecological modelling (Copenhagen University). He was the honourable doctor at Coimbra University, Portugal and at Dar es Salaam University (Tanzania). In 1975 he founded the journal Ecological Modelling and in 1978 the ISEM (International Society of Ecological Modelling). He has received several awards, the Ruder Boskovic Medal, the Prigogine Prize, the Pascal Medal, the Einstein professorship at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Santa Chiara Prize for multidisciplinary teaching and the very prestigious Stockholm Water Prize. He has published 366 papers of which 275 were published in peer-reviewed international journals and he has edited or authored 76 books, of which several have been translated to other languages (Chinese, Russian, Spanish and Portuguese). He has authored a successful textbook in ecological modelling Fundamentals of Ecological Modelling”, which was published as a fourth edition together with Brian Fath in 2011. It has been translated into Chinese and Russian (third edition). He authored a well received textbook in system ecology entitled Introduction to Systems Ecology”. It was published as an English edition in 2012 and as a Chinese edition in 2013. He was editor in chief of the Encyclopedia of Ecology, published in 2008, and of the Encyclopedia of Environmental Management, published in December 2012. He has taught courses in ecological modelling in 32 different countries. He is the editorial board member of 18 international journals in the fields of ecology and environmental management. He was the president of ISEM and he also was elected member of the European Academy of Sciences, for which he was the chairman of the Section for Environmental Sciences.