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E-grāmata: Ecology of War and Peace: Marginalising Slow and Structural Violence in International Law

(Universiteit van Amsterdam)
  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 16-Sep-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781108943697
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  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 16-Sep-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781108943697

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The connection between ecology and conflict has been the object of extensive study by political scientists and economists. From the contribution of natural resource 'scarcity' to violent unrest and armed conflict; to resource 'abundance' as an incentive for initiating and prolonging armed struggles; to dysfunctional resource management and environmental degradation as obstacles to peacebuilding, this literature has exerted a huge influence upon academic discussions and policy developments. While international law is often invoked as the solution to the socio-environmental challenges faced by conflict-affected countries, its relationship with the ecology of war and peace remains undertheorised. Drawing upon environmental justice perspectives and other theoretical traditions, the book unpacks and problematizes some of the assumptions that underlie the legal field. Through an analysis of the practice of international courts, the UN Security Council, and Truth Commissions, it shows how international law silences and even normalizes forms of structural and slow environmental violence.

The book unpacks key assumptions about the 'environment', its relationship with conflict and peace, and the justification for its protection underlying international law. It will be of interest to academics, policy-makers, and students in international law, peace and conflict studies, political sciences, and international relations.

Recenzijas

'This book lucidly analyses how international law regulates and often exacerbates the 'slow violence' of ecological damage. Eliana Cusato unravels the interconnectedness of conflict and environmental destruction, exploring the tensions between the values of militarism and warfare on the one hand and ecological sustainability on the other. The book is startling and important, calling for a reframing of the relationship between conflict and the natural world.' Hilary Charlesworth, Melbourne Law School 'Eliana Cusato's illuminating book demonstrates the impoverished and limited ways in which existing international law protects the environment in conflict. In revealing and exploring these inadequacies, Cusato provides us with a compelling account of the work that needs to be done if we are to address the many challenges arising from the complex relationship between the environment and conflict. Deeply researched, richly inter-disciplinary in its approach and written with impressive clarity, this is a valuable and urgently needed book.' Antony Anghie, National University of Singapore and University of Utah 'Dr Cusato is cleared eyed about the complexity and difficulties involved in formulating a legal regime when some of the belligerents in intra-state conflicts are generally not constrained by formal rules of international law. The book offers profound inter-disciplinary insights and is candid in its conclusion that ultimately, here, lawyers don't have all the answers.' Phoebe Okowa, Professor of Public International Law, Queen Mary, University of London

Papildus informācija

Unpacks key assumptions about the 'environment', its relationship with violent conflict, and the justification for its protection underlying international law.
Acknowledgements ix
1 Introduction: International Law, Violence, and Visibility
1(30)
1.1 International Law, Violence, and Visibility: War's Hidden Socio-ecological Legacy
1(7)
1.2 Pushing the Conversation Forward
8(5)
1.3 'New Wars' and the Environment
13(12)
1.4 Slow and Structural Violence
1.5 Overview of Arguments
25(6)
Part I Concepts, Theories, And Debates
2 The Ecology of War and Peace: Unpacking the Assumptions
31(29)
2.1 Introduction
31(1)
2.2 The Place of the Environment within Peace and Conflict Studies
32(20)
2.2.1 Of Scarcity, Greed, and Grievances: Nature and the Root Causes of Violent Conflict
36(8)
2.2.2 'Illicit' Trade in Natural Resources and the Political Economy of Civil Wars
44(4)
2.2.3 Environmental Peacebuilding and the Spectre of 'Liberal Peace'
48(4)
2.3 Adding Environmental-Justice to the Picture
52(6)
2.4 Conclusion
58(2)
3 Origins and Evolutions of Legal Debates on the Environment-Conflict 'Nexus'
60(45)
3.1 Introduction
60(4)
3.2 From Grotius to the Contemporary Jus in Bello: Necessity, Distinction, and Proportionality as the Standards for Environmental Protection
64(7)
3.3 Reacting to Ecocide Perpetrated in the Vietnam War: Adding the 'Environment' to the Laws of Armed Conflict
71(5)
3.4 The 1990-1. Gulf War and the Codification of Environmental War Crime in the Statute of the International Criminal Court
76(5)
3.5 Interpretative Routes to Restrain 'Illegal' Resource Exploitation during Armed Conflict and Occupation
81(7)
3.6 Beyond the Laws of Armed Conflict
88(13)
3.6.1 Multilateral Environmental Agreements and Principles of Environmental Law: 'Greening' the Jus in Bello?
88(5)
3.6.2 International Human Rights Law and the Environment: A Complicated Relationship
93(8)
3.7 Conclusion
101(4)
Part II The Practice Of International Law
4 War Crimes Tribunals and the International Court of Justice: Nature between Property Protection and Humanitarian Concerns
105(48)
4.1 Introduction
105(2)
4.2 International and Hybrid Criminal Tribunals
107(15)
4.2.1 Post-World War II Tribunals and the Prosecution of Property Crimes
107(4)
4.2.2 The NATO Bombing Campaign in Former Yugoslavia: The Environment as a 'Casualty' of Warfare
111(5)
4.2.3 The Environment as the Means to Commit Humanitarian Atrocities
116(3)
4.2.4 The Special Court for Sierra Leone, Natural Resources, and the Economic Motives for Armed Struggle
119(3)
4.3 Two Different Paradigms of Justice: The Tension between International Criminal Justice and Environmental Justice
122(8)
4.4 The International Court of Justice
130(21)
4.4.1 The Nuclear Weapons Advisory Opinion: Slow Violence and Non Liquet
130(7)
4.4.2 The Armed Activities Case (Congo v. Uganda)
137(14)
4.5 Conclusion
151(2)
5 The United Nations Security Council: From 'Conflict Resources' to Climate Change as a 'Threat' to International Peace and Security
153(44)
5.1 Introduction
153(3)
5.2 Sanctions and Resource-Driven Armed Conflict
156(7)
5.2.1 A Few Words on Sanctions
156(3)
5.2.2 The Evolving Objectives of Sanctions Targeting 'Conflict Resources': From Conflict Termination to Governance Interventions
159(4)
5.3 The UNSC and the Global Regulation of Resource Extraction in Conflict Zones
163(6)
5.4 Implementing Sanctions: Peacekeeping Operations and Panels of Experts
169(9)
5.4.1 Securitising Resource Extraction
169(4)
5.4.2 'Naming and Shaming' and Corporate Due Diligence
173(5)
5.5 A Narrow and Short-Term Approach to Peace
178(8)
5.5.1 Ignoring Conflict Root Causes
178(4)
5.5.2 Overlooking Sustainability Challenges
182(4)
5.6 Climate Change and International Peace and Security
186(9)
5.6.1 Different Accounts of 'Climate Security'
186(4)
5.6.2 Rethinking the Powers of the UNSC and Orthodox Approaches to Peace and Security
190(5)
5.7 Conclusion
195(2)
6 Truth Commissions: Conflicts over Extractive Resources and the Battle for Different Views of Nature
197(34)
6.1 Introduction
197(4)
6.2 A Brief Overview of Truth Commissions
201(2)
6.3 Constructing the 'Truth' about Resource-Driven Wars in Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Timor-Leste
203(14)
6.3.1 Setting the Stage: Natural Resources and Conflict Causes and Dynamics
203(7)
6.3.2 Human Rights Abuses and 'Illegal' Resource Extraction
210(7)
6.4 Three Paradigms of Responsibility
217(12)
6.4.1 The Sierra Leonean TC: The Post-conflict State as the 'Main Agent of Change'
217(5)
6.4.2 The Liberian TC: The 'Economic Crimes' Lens
222(4)
6.4.3 The Timor-Leste TC: A Progressive Reading of Socio-economic and Nature Rights
226(3)
6.5 Conclusion
229(2)
7 Conclusion: Towards a Political Ecology of International Law
231(12)
7.1 Reframing 'The Environment' and Its Relation to Humanity in Rules Governing War
235(3)
7.2 Embracing Complexity: Rethinking the 'Nexus' between Nature, Conflict, and Peace
238(2)
7.3 Towards a Political Ecology of International Law
240(3)
Bibliography 243(35)
Index 278
Eliana Cusato is a Marie Curie post-doctoral Fellow at the Amsterdam Centre for International Law, University of Amsterdam. She holds a Ph.D. in Law from the National University of Singapore. Previously, she was a lecturer at Essex Law School. She serves on the editorial board of the Asian Journal of International Law.