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E-grāmata: Economic Analysis of Environmental Policy

  • Formāts: 288 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 15-Apr-2016
  • Izdevniecība: University of Toronto Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781442687097
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Economic Analysis of Environmental PolicyPalielināt
  • Formāts: 288 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 15-Apr-2016
  • Izdevniecība: University of Toronto Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781442687097
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Economic Analysis of Environmental Policy, a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses, provides a rigorous and thorough explanation of modern environmental economics, applying this exposition to contemporary issues and policy analysis.



The relationship between economic growth and the environment is at the forefront of public attention and poses serious challenges for policymakers around the world. Economic Analysis of Environmental Policy, a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses, provides a rigorous and thorough explanation of modern environmental economics, applying this exposition to contemporary issues and policy analysis.

Opening with a discussion of contemporary pollution problems, institutional players and the main policy instruments at our disposal, Ross McKitrick develops core theories of environmental valuation and optimal control of pollution. Chapters that follow cover issues like tradable permits, regulatory standards, emission taxes, and polluter liability as well as advanced topics like trade and the environment, sustainability, risk, inequality, and self-monitoring. Throughout, McKitrick uses clear, intuitive, and coherent analytical tools, so that students, academics, and practitioners can develop their policy analysis skills while comprehending the debates and challenges at the frontier of this exciting and rapidly-developing field.

Papildus informācija

'McKitrick's Economic Analysis of Environmental Policy has changed how graduate-level environmental economics will be taught. It is systematic, up-to-date, and unique in emphasizing the links between theory and empirics. It is a tremendous contribution that is right on top of our "knowledge frontier" of environmental economics.' -- Werner Antweiler, Sauder School of Business, University of British Columbia 'Economic Analysis of Environmental Policy is eminently suitable for teaching an advanced course in environmental economics ... Ross McKitrick's book will provide students with the tools to rigorously analyse environmental policy.' -- Richard S.J. Tol, Institute for Environmental Studies and Department of Spatial Economics, Free University of Amsterdam
List of Figures and Tables
xi
Preface: Why This Book? xv
1 Issues, Instruments, Institutions, and Ideas
3(46)
1.1 Environmental Concerns: A Historical Survey
3(9)
1.1.1 The Brundtland Report
5(1)
1.1.2 Warnings in the 1970s
6(1)
1.1.3 The Limits of the Earth, circa 1953
7(1)
1.1.4 The Imperative Duty of 1912
8(2)
1.1.5 Our Numbers Are Burdensome to the World
10(2)
1.2 Environmental Issues
12(19)
1.2.1 Conventional Air Pollution
12(2)
1.2.2 Global Environmental Problems: Ozone Depletion
14(3)
1.2.3 Global Environmental Problems: Global Warming
17(7)
1.2.4 Air Pollution and Economic Growth over Time
24(6)
1.2.5 Water Pollution
30(1)
1.3 Policy Instruments: A Brief Introduction
31(4)
1.3.1 Standards
31(3)
1.3.2 Emission Taxes
34(1)
1.3.3 Emission Permits
34(1)
1.3.4 Liability Law
34(1)
1.4 Institutions and Rule-Makers
35(1)
1.4.1 Federal Governments in the United States and Canada
35(1)
1.4.2 State and Provincial Governments
36(1)
1.4.3 Municipalities
36(1)
1.4.4 Courts
36(1)
1.5 Growth and the Environment: The Tradeoff over Time
36(3)
1.6 Does Growth Theory Predict the EKC?
39(4)
Review Questions
43(1)
References and Extra Reading
44(1)
Data Source Websites
44(5)
2 Valuation of the Environment
49(30)
2.1 Externalities
49(2)
2.2 Some Results from Microeconomics and Welfare Economics
51(5)
2.3 Pollution Damages in Utility Terms
56(3)
2.4 Non-Market Valuation of Environmental Change
59(4)
2.5 Aggregating Environmental Values
63(1)
2.6 Discounting Environmental Damages over Time
64(4)
2.6.1 Annuities
64(2)
2.6.2 Discount Rates
66(2)
2.7 Adding Up Benefits across People with Unequal Incomes
68(3)
2.8 Uncertainty, Risk, and Risk-Aversion
71(3)
2.9 Non-linearity and Non-commutativity
74(2)
Review Questions
76(1)
References and Extra Reading
77(2)
3 The Value of Emissions and the Costs of Abatement
79(12)
3.1 The Optimal Output-Abatement Choice
79(6)
3.2 The Marginal Abatement Cost Function
85(3)
Review Questions
88(3)
4 Optimal Emissions: The Partial Equilibrium Case
91(30)
4.1 The Optimal Emissions Level
91(4)
4.2 Static Short-Run Efficiency
95(6)
4.3 Static Long-Run Efficiency
101(4)
4.4 The Balanced Budget Requirement
105(1)
4.5 Non-Point Source Pollution
106(4)
4.6 Dynamic Efficiency and Technology Adoption Decisions
110(2)
4.7 A Note about Terminology: `Pollution' Taxes versus `Pigovian' Taxes
112(2)
Review Questions
114(5)
References and Extra Reading
119(2)
5 Information, Uncertainty, and Instrument Choice
121(12)
5.1 Incentives to Report Truthfully
121(4)
5.1.1 Incentives to Under-report under an Emissions Tax
122(2)
5.1.2 Many Small Firms
124(1)
5.2 Prices versus Quantities
125(6)
5.2.1 Equivalence under Certainty
125(1)
5.2.2 Policy Choice When Damages Are Uncertain
126(1)
5.2.3 Policy Choice When the Marginal Abatement Cost Is Uncertain
127(1)
5.2.4 Instrument Choice under Uncertainty
128(3)
Review Questions
131(1)
References and Extra Reading
132(1)
6 Pollution Standards, Monitoring, and Enforcement
133(20)
6.1 Standards versus Standards
133(6)
6.1.1 Level Standard versus Emissions Intensity Rule
136(3)
6.2 Concentration Standards with Many Firms
139(2)
6.3 Monitoring and Enforcement
141(9)
6.3.1 Standard Enforcement Model
142(2)
6.3.2 Regulation with Random Pollution and Uncertain Inspections
144(6)
Review Questions
150(1)
References and Extra Reading
151(2)
7 Tradable Permits and Quotas
153(16)
7.1 The Competitive Case
153(7)
7.1.1 The U.S. Sulfur Dioxide Market
155(5)
7.2 Market Power and Tradable Permits
160(2)
7.3 Auction versus Quotas
162(3)
Review Questions
165(2)
References and Extra Reading
167(2)
8 Emission Taxes and the General Equilibrium Model of Emission Pricing
169(24)
8.1 Review of Basic Concepts
169(2)
8.2 Deadweight Loss
171(1)
8.3 Revenue Recycling and Tax Interaction Effects
172(7)
8.4 The Sandmo Model of Optimal Taxation in the Presence of Externalities
179(10)
8.4.1 First-Best Allocation
180(1)
8.4.2 Decentralized Competitive Outcome
181(2)
8.4.3 Optimal Second-Best Tax System
183(5)
8.4.4 Pollution Taxes and Deadweight Loss
188(1)
8.5 Subsidies
189(2)
Review Questions
191(1)
References and Extra Reading
192(1)
9 Bargaining and Tort Law as Solutions to Externalities
193(21)
9.1 Introduction
193(4)
9.2 Multiple Victims and Joint Tortfeasors
197(7)
9.2.1 Multiple Victims
197(1)
9.2.2 Joint Tortfeasors
197(7)
9.3 Contests over Damages
204(4)
9.4 Victim Overexposure
208(2)
Review Questions
210(2)
References and Extra Reading
212(2)
10 International Trade and Pollution
214(15)
10.1 Pollution Havens and Environmental Dumping
214(5)
10.1.1 Trade Flows and Pollution
215(2)
10.1.2 Foreign Direct Investment and Pollution
217(2)
10.2 Trade Liberalization and the Environment
219(8)
10.2.1 Model Set-up
219(3)
10.2.2 Welfare Analysis
222(2)
10.2.3 Environmental Effects of Trade Liberalization: Pollution Haven Hypothesis versus Factor Endowment Hypothesis
224(3)
Review Questions
227(1)
References and Extra Reading
227(2)
11 Sustainability and Optimal Growth
229(15)
11.1 Introduction
229(2)
11.2 Net National Product
231(5)
11.3 Measuring Sustainability
236(3)
11.3.1 Green Net National Product and Net Savings
236(3)
11.4 Hartwick's Rule on Sustainable Consumption Paths
239(3)
Review Questions
242(1)
References and Extra Reading
242(2)
12 Policy Debates, Practice Exam, and Supplementary Questions
244(11)
12.1 Policy Debates
244(3)
12.2 Practice Exam Questions
247(6)
12.3 Further Study Questions
253(2)
Index 255
Ross R. McKitrick is a professor in the Department of Economics at the University of Guelph.
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