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On the Effect of Offshore Wind Farms on the Atmosphere and Ocean Dynamics 2015 ed. [Mīkstie vāki]

  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 162 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, weight: 2818 g, 94 Illustrations, color; XVIII, 162 p. 94 illus. in color., 1 Paperback / softback
  • Sērija : Hamburg Studies on Maritime Affairs 31
  • Izdošanas datums: 20-Nov-2014
  • Izdevniecība: Springer International Publishing AG
  • ISBN-10: 3319086405
  • ISBN-13: 9783319086408
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On the Effect of Offshore Wind Farms on the Atmosphere and Ocean Dynamics 2015 ed.Palielināt
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 162 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, weight: 2818 g, 94 Illustrations, color; XVIII, 162 p. 94 illus. in color., 1 Paperback / softback
  • Sērija : Hamburg Studies on Maritime Affairs 31
  • Izdošanas datums: 20-Nov-2014
  • Izdevniecība: Springer International Publishing AG
  • ISBN-10: 3319086405
  • ISBN-13: 9783319086408
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9783319086408.html
Keywords:

Renewable energy resources now play an essential role in the energy supply debate, and especially a new interest in wind energy has resulted in the intensified construction of wind farms. Thanks to the growing demand for renewable energy, offshore wind farms (OWFs) are increasingly gaining in popularity, since yields over sea are greater and more reliable than over land. Against this background it is becoming particularly urgent to determine whether and if so to what extent such OWF expansion affects our oceans and local climates. OWFs produce a downstream wind speed reduction, the so-called wind-wake effect, which impacts atmospheric boundary layers, alters local wind characteristics and in turn affects ocean dynamics. This book will help readers to understand in detail these OWF-induced changes in the atmosphere and ocean by analyzing model simulations and measurements. In this context, OWF-induced upwelling and downwelling are key aspects.

1 Introduction
1(6)
References
4(3)
2 Renewable Energy Wind
7(8)
2.1 Utilization of Wind Energy: Historical and Technical Background
7(3)
2.1.1 Today's Wind Turbines
8(2)
2.2 Wind Farming in the North Sea: Example Germany
10(5)
2.2.1 The North Sea
10(1)
2.2.2 Germany's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
11(1)
2.2.3 Wind Farm Alpha Ventus
12(2)
References
14(1)
3 Models, Data, and Methodology
15(20)
3.1 Models
15(3)
3.1.1 Hamburg Shelf Ocean Model
15(1)
3.1.2 Mesoscale Transport and Stream Model
16(2)
3.2 Data
18(1)
3.2.1 Climatological and Reanalysis Data
18(1)
3.2.2 Measurements
19(1)
3.3 Methodology
19(16)
3.3.1 Model Box Simulations: TOS-01
20(7)
3.3.2 North Sea Simulations: TOS-02
27(5)
References
32(3)
4 Analysis 01: OWF Effect on the Atmosphere
35(16)
4.1 Observed Effects
35(1)
4.2 Modeled Effects
36(15)
4.2.1 Mesoscale 01: Brostrom
36(3)
4.2.2 Mesoscale 02: METRAS
39(11)
References
50(1)
5 Analysis 02: OWF Effect on the Ocean
51(76)
5.1 Common Description of the Impact on the Ocean
51(11)
5.1.1 Moment Analysis of OWF Effect on Ocean
52(4)
5.1.2 Temporal Analysis of OWF Effect on the Ocean
56(6)
5.2 Theoretical Analysis of Rising OWF Effect on the Ocean
62(19)
5.2.1 Analysis of Dynamical Pattern Under Barotropic Conditions
64(4)
5.2.2 Analysis of Vertical and Horizontal Exchanges
68(11)
5.2.3 Assessment and Integration of Effect Analysis
79(2)
5.3 Analyzing OWF's Effect on the Ocean Under Various Assumptions
81(33)
5.3.1 Analyzing Consistency of OWF Effect on Ocean
81(6)
5.3.2 Analyzing OWF Effect on the Ocean Depending on Wind Speed
87(7)
5.3.3 Analyzing OWF Effect on the Ocean Depending on Wind Park Power
94(6)
5.3.4 Analyzing OWF Effect on the Ocean due to Wind Forcing Based on the Brostrom Approach
100(5)
5.3.5 Analyzing OWF Effect on the Ocean in Case of Full Meteorological Forcing
105(5)
5.3.6 Analyzing OWF Effect on the Ocean Depending on the Depth of the Ocean
110(4)
5.4 Evaluation of Modeled OWF Effect on the Ocean
114(13)
References
124(3)
6 Analysis 03: Future Scenario---OWF Development Within German EEZ
127(18)
6.1 Case Study I: Estimation of OWF's Impact by different Wind Directions
128(12)
6.1.1 Effect on the Atmosphere Over the German EEZ Based on Case Study I
128(4)
6.1.2 Effect on the Ocean in the German EEZ Based on Case Study I
132(8)
6.2 Case Study II: OWF's Impact Based on a Real Meteorological Situation
140(5)
6.2.1 Effect on the Atmosphere Based on Case Study II
141(2)
6.2.2 Effect on the German Bight Based on Case Study II
143(1)
References
144(1)
7 Summary, Conclusion, and Outlook
145(4)
8 Appendix I: List of Data and Personal Correspondences
149(2)
8.1 Personal Correspondence
149(1)
8.2 Data Overview
149(2)
9 Appendix II: Addition to WEGA Cruise and Result Presentation
151(10)
9.1 WEGA Cruise 141
151(6)
9.1.1 Impressions of WEGA Cruise 141
151(1)
9.1.2 CTD Probe
151(3)
9.1.3 ADCP
154(3)
9.2 Comment on Result Presentation
157(4)
About the International Max Planck Research School for Maritime Affairs at the University of Hamburg 161