Foreword |
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vi | |
Acknowledgements |
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vii | |
Executive Summary |
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viii | |
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1 Commonwealth Core Democratic Values and Principles |
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1 | (4) |
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Democracy is an ideal to strive for |
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1 | (1) |
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There are no perfect democracies |
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1 | (1) |
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The popular demand for democratic progress is unstoppable |
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1 | (1) |
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Freedom lies at the foundation of democracy |
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2 | (1) |
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Rights are balanced by responsibilities |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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Creating a democratic culture |
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3 | (1) |
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Minorities and the marginalised |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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2 Translating Commonwealth Values and Principles into Democratic Practice |
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5 | (7) |
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2.1 Constitutionalism and democracy |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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Giving democratic rights legal sanction |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (3) |
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Elections are the litmus test of democracy |
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6 | (1) |
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Respect for the legal framework |
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7 | (1) |
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Confusion is the friend of the manipulator |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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2.3 Role of the election management body |
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9 | (1) |
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Creating a level playing field |
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9 | (1) |
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Control of the electoral process |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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Accepting election results |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (2) |
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11 | (1) |
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3 The Powers, Functions and Responsibilities of an Independent Election Management Body |
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12 | (21) |
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3.1 The meaning of independence |
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12 | (1) |
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3.2 Composition and appointment |
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13 | (1) |
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3.3 Powers, functions and responsibilities |
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14 | (5) |
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19 | (5) |
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24 | (3) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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3.6 Management and administration |
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27 | (2) |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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Technological failures and security vulnerabilities |
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29 | (1) |
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3.7 Popular participation |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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3.9 Regional and international co-operation |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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4 Challenges Facing Commonwealth Independent Election Management Bodies |
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33 | (34) |
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4.1 Achieving gender equity |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (2) |
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Implications for the election management body |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (4) |
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Choice of electoral system |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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Proportional representation |
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40 | (1) |
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Implications for the election management body |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (3) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (2) |
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Implications for the election management body |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (2) |
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Implications for the election management body |
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46 | (1) |
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4.5 Intimidation and violence |
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46 | (6) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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Registration of voters, political parties and election observers |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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Election results announcement |
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51 | (1) |
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Implications for the election management body |
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51 | (1) |
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4.6 Dirty money: political party expenditure and campaign funding |
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52 | (3) |
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Party and campaign funding |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (1) |
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Implications for the election management body |
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54 | (1) |
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4.7 Meeting the challenge of social media |
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55 | (4) |
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Impact on political campaigning and mobilisation |
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55 | (1) |
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Impact on electoral management |
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56 | (2) |
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Implications for an election management body |
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58 | (1) |
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4.8 Democracy in small and island states |
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59 | (4) |
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59 | (1) |
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Commonality and difference |
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60 | (3) |
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Implications for the election management body |
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63 | (1) |
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4.9 `Fair' or only `Free'? |
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63 | (2) |
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Implications for the election management body |
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65 | (1) |
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4.10 Conclusion: Focusing on what matters most |
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65 | (2) |
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Clarity and consistency matters ... |
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65 | (1) |
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... but rules can never cover every eventuality |
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66 | (1) |
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... and may provide a cover for passivity |
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66 | (1) |
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Sound judgement, good sense, and courage matter most |
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66 | (1) |
Notes |
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67 | (1) |
Annexes: Constitutional Provisions and Establishment Clause |
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68 | |