List of Contributors |
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xv | |
About the Editor-in-Chief |
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xix | |
Preface |
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xxi | |
Acknowledgments |
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xxiii | |
1 Introduction to electrical energy systems |
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1 | (20) |
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1.1 Electrical energy systems |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (3) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.4 Basic energy conversion processes |
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7 | (1) |
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1.5 Review of the laws of thermodynamics |
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8 | (2) |
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1.6 Photovoltaic energy conversion systems |
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10 | (2) |
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1.7 Electrochemical energy conversion systems |
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12 | (2) |
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1.8 Thermoelectric energy conversion systems |
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14 | (1) |
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1.9 Electromechanical energy conversion systems |
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15 | (3) |
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18 | (1) |
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1.11 Efficiency and losses |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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1.13 Environmental considerations |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
2 Components of electric energy systems |
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21 | (19) |
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Majd Ghazi Yousef Batarseh |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (3) |
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2.3 Electric power generators |
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25 | (2) |
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27 | (2) |
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29 | (4) |
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2.6 Relays and circuit breakers |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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2.13 Worldwide standards for household voltage and frequency |
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37 | (1) |
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2.14 Representation of an electrical energy system |
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37 | (1) |
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2.15 Equivalent circuits and reactance diagrams |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
3 Solar energy |
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40 | (20) |
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41 | (1) |
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3.2 Passive solar energy system |
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41 | (2) |
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3.3 Active solar energy system (photovoltaic) |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (2) |
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3.6 Effect of irradiance and temperature on solar cells |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (4) |
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3.8 Daily power profile of PV array |
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52 | (2) |
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3.9 Photovoltaic system integration |
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54 | (1) |
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3.10 Evaluation of PV systems |
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55 | (3) |
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3.11 Advantages of solar energy |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
4 Wind energy |
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60 | (18) |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (3) |
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4.3 Kinetic energy of wind |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (2) |
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4.5 Power output from practical turbines |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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4.7 Coefficient of performance and turbine efficiency |
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68 | (1) |
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4.8 Operating range of wind turbine |
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68 | (1) |
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4.9 Classifications of wind turbines |
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69 | (3) |
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4.10 Types of wind turbine generator systems |
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72 | (2) |
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4.11 Wind farm performance |
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74 | (1) |
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4.12 Advantages and disadvantages |
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74 | (2) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
5 Hydroelectricity |
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78 | (14) |
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78 | (2) |
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5.2 Process of hydroelectricity |
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80 | (1) |
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5.3 Basics of pumps and turbines |
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80 | (6) |
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5.4 Electric generators and energy conversion schemes for hydroelectricity |
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86 | (5) |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
6 Fuel cells |
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92 | (22) |
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92 | (1) |
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6.2 Fuel cell fundamentals |
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93 | (5) |
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6.3 Modeling of ideal fuel cells |
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98 | (7) |
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6.4 Advantages and disadvantages of fuel cells |
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105 | (1) |
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6.5 Power applications of fuel cells |
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106 | (1) |
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6.6 FC and environment: hydrogen production and safety |
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107 | (4) |
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111 | (2) |
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113 | (1) |
7 Geothermal energy |
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114 | (26) |
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Tubagus Ahmad Fauzi Soelaiman |
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114 | (3) |
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7.2 Geothermal energy uses and types |
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117 | (20) |
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7.3 Evaluation of geothermal power plant |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (1) |
8 Utilization of bioresources as fuels and energy generation |
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140 | (16) |
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140 | (2) |
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8.2 Biomass characterization |
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142 | (1) |
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8.3 Pretreatment of biomass |
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143 | (3) |
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8.4 Thermal conversion processes |
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146 | (4) |
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8.5 Densification of biomass |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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8.8 Bioethanol from biomass |
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153 | (1) |
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8.9 Present and future utilization scenario of biomass |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (2) |
9 Single-phase AC supply |
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156 | (27) |
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156 | (1) |
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9.2 Alternating current waveform |
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157 | (2) |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (3) |
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9.6 Complex number analysis |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (4) |
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169 | (7) |
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176 | (1) |
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9.10 Advantages and disadvantages of a single-phase supply |
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177 | (2) |
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179 | (2) |
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181 | (2) |
10 Three-phase AC supply |
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183 | (26) |
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184 | (1) |
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10.2 Generation of three-phase voltages |
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184 | (1) |
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10.3 Connections of three-phase circuits |
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185 | (8) |
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10.4 Circuits with mixed connections |
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193 | (9) |
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10.5 Power calculation of balanced three-phase circuit |
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202 | (3) |
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10.6 Advantages and disadvantages of three-phase supply |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (2) |
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208 | (1) |
11 Magnetic circuits and power transformers |
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209 | (28) |
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Easwaran Chandira Sekaran |
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210 | (1) |
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210 | (4) |
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11.3 Equivalent circuit of a core excited by an AC MMF |
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214 | (1) |
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11.4 Principle of operation of a transformer |
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215 | (3) |
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11.5 Voltage, current, and impedance transformations |
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218 | (1) |
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11.6 Nonideal transformer and its equivalent circuits |
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219 | (1) |
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11.7 Tests on transformers |
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220 | (6) |
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11.8 Transformer polarity |
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226 | (1) |
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11.9 Transformers in parallel |
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227 | (2) |
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11.10 Three-phase transformer connections |
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229 | (1) |
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11.11 Special transformer connection |
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229 | (1) |
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11.12 Parallel operation of three-phase transformers |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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11.14 Three-winding transformers |
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231 | (1) |
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11.15 Instrument transformers |
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232 | (1) |
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11.16 Third harmonics in transformers |
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233 | (1) |
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11.17 Transformers in a microgrid |
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234 | (2) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
12 Renewable energy generators and control |
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237 | (53) |
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12.1 Introduction - general |
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238 | (1) |
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12.2 General features of electric machines |
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239 | (1) |
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239 | (2) |
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12.4 Type of electric supply and load |
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241 | (1) |
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12.5 Basic energy conversion principles |
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242 | (1) |
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12.6 Synchronous generators |
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243 | (13) |
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256 | (24) |
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12.8 Practical renewable energy-based power generating schemes |
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280 | (9) |
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289 | (1) |
13 Power semiconductor devices |
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290 | (23) |
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290 | (1) |
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291 | (3) |
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13.3 Bipolar junction transistors (BJT) |
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294 | (2) |
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13.4 Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor |
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296 | (3) |
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13.5 Insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) |
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299 | (3) |
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13.6 GaN- and SiC-based devices |
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302 | (2) |
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13.7 Silicon-controlled rectifiers |
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304 | (2) |
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13.8 Gate turn-off thyristors |
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306 | (1) |
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13.9 Integrated gate commutated thyristors |
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307 | (2) |
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13.10 Guidelines for selecting devices |
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309 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (2) |
14 AC-DC converters (rectifiers) |
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313 | (24) |
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313 | (1) |
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14.2 Performance parameters |
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314 | (2) |
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14.3 Single-phase full-bridge rectifier circuit |
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316 | (7) |
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14.4 Three-phase full-bridge rectifier |
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323 | (5) |
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328 | (1) |
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14.6 Single-phase full-bridge controlled rectifier |
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329 | (2) |
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14.7 Three-phase controlled rectifier |
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331 | (2) |
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14.8 Filters for AC to DC converters |
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333 | (2) |
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335 | (1) |
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336 | (1) |
15 DC-DC converters |
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337 | (17) |
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337 | (1) |
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15.2 Basic nonisolated switch-mode DC-DC converters |
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338 | (1) |
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15.3 DC-DC converter applications |
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338 | (2) |
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340 | (3) |
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343 | (5) |
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15.6 Buck-boost converter |
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348 | (2) |
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350 | (1) |
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351 | (1) |
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352 | (2) |
16 DC-AC inverters |
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354 | (28) |
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354 | (1) |
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16.2 Single-phase voltage-source inverters |
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355 | (6) |
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16.3 Three-phase bridge voltage-source inverters |
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361 | (5) |
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16.4 Multistepped inverters |
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366 | (2) |
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368 | (6) |
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16.6 Current-source inverters |
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374 | (6) |
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380 | (1) |
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381 | (1) |
17 Electric power transmission |
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382 | (21) |
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Tuan Ab Rashid Tuan Abdullah |
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382 | (1) |
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17.2 Overhead transmission lines |
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383 | (1) |
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17.3 Transmission line parameters |
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384 | (4) |
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17.4 Transmission line representation |
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388 | (4) |
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17.5 Transmission line as a two-port network and power flow |
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392 | (4) |
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17.6 High voltage DC transmission |
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396 | (4) |
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400 | (2) |
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402 | (1) |
18 Electric power systems |
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403 | (54) |
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404 | (9) |
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18.2 Phases of power system engineering |
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413 | (1) |
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18.3 Interconnected systems |
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414 | (11) |
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425 | (13) |
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438 | (14) |
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18.6 Power system stability |
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452 | (3) |
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455 | (1) |
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456 | (1) |
19 Control of photovoltaic technology |
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457 | (30) |
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19.1 Introduction to semiconductor physics |
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457 | (2) |
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19.2 Basics of a photovoltaic cell |
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459 | (8) |
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19.3 Maximum power point tracking |
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467 | (2) |
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19.4 Shading impact on PV characteristics |
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469 | (5) |
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19.5 Mode of operation of a PV system |
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474 | (12) |
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486 | (1) |
20 Integration of distributed renewable energy systems into the smart grid |
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487 | (32) |
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488 | (1) |
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20.2 Conventional power generation |
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488 | (2) |
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20.3 Electricity generation from renewable energy resources |
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490 | (5) |
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20.4 Grid connection of distributed RES |
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495 | (4) |
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20.5 Distributed renewable energy sources |
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499 | (4) |
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20.6 Voltage control in power networks |
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503 | (5) |
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20.7 Power quality and harmonics |
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508 | (3) |
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20.8 Regulations for connection of distributed RES to the grid |
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511 | (2) |
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20.9 Smart grid solutions |
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513 | (3) |
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516 | (3) |
21 Environmental impacts of renewable energy |
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519 | (28) |
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Tunku Muhammad Nizar Tunku Mansur |
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520 | (1) |
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21.2 Environmental concerns related to fossil fuel power plants |
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520 | (10) |
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21.3 Environmental concerns related to hydroelectric power plants |
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530 | (1) |
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21.4 Environmental concerns related to nuclear power plants |
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531 | (5) |
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21.5 Environmental concerns related to renewable energy |
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536 | (4) |
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540 | (3) |
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543 | (4) |
Author Index |
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547 | (8) |
Subject Index |
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555 | |