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E-grāmata: Electromagnetic Radiation, Scattering, and Diffraction

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Electromagnetic Radiation, Scattering, and DiffractionPalielināt
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"This book is designed to provide an understanding of the behavior of EM fields in radiation, scattering and guided wave environments, from first principles and from low to high frequencies. Physical interpretations of the EM wave phenomena are stressed along with their underlying mathematics. Fundamental principles are stressed, and numerous examples are included to illustrate concepts. This book can facilitate students with a somewhat limited undergraduate EM background to rapidly and systematically advance their understanding of EM wave theory that is useful and important for doing graduate level research on wave EM problems. This book can therefore also be useful for gaining a better understanding of problems they are trying to simulate with commercial EM software and how to better interpret their results. The book can also be used for self-study as a refresher for EM industry professionals"--

Electromagnetic Radiation, Scattering, and Diffraction

Discover a graduate-level text for students specializing in electromagnetic wave radiation, scattering, and diffraction for engineering applications

In Electromagnetic Radiation, Scattering and Diffraction, distinguished authors Drs. Prabhakar H. Pathak and Robert J. Burkholder deliver a thorough exploration of the behavior of electromagnetic fields in radiation, scattering, and guided wave environments. The book tackles its subject from first principles and includes coverage of low and high frequencies. It stresses physical interpretations of the electromagnetic wave phenomena along with their underlying mathematics.

The authors emphasize fundamental principles and provide numerous examples to illustrate the concepts contained within. Students with a limited undergraduate electromagnetic background will rapidly and systematically advance their understanding of electromagnetic wave theory until they can complete useful and important graduate-level work on electromagnetic wave problems.

Electromagnetic Radiation, Scattering and Diffraction also serves as a practical companion for students trying to simulate problems with commercial EM software and trying to better interpret their results. Readers will also benefit from the breadth and depth of topics, such as:

  • Basic equations governing all electromagnetic (EM) phenomena at macroscopic scales are presented systematically. Stationary and relativistic moving boundary conditions are developed. Waves in planar multilayered isotropic and anisotropic media are analyzed.
  • EM theorems are introduced and applied to a variety of useful antenna problems. Modal techniques are presented for analyzing guided wave and periodic structures. Potential theory and Green's function methods are developed to treat interior and exterior EM problems.
  • Asymptotic High Frequency methods are developed for evaluating radiation Integrals to extract ray fields. Edge and surface diffracted ray fields, as well as surface, leaky and lateral wave fields are obtained. A collective ray analysis for finite conformal antenna phased arrays is developed.
  • EM beams are introduced and provide useful basis functions. Integral equations and their numerical solutions via the method of moments are developed. The fast multipole method is presented. Low frequency breakdown is studied. Characteristic modes are discussed.

Perfect for graduate students studying electromagnetic theory, Electromagnetic Radiation, Scattering, and Diffraction is an invaluable resource for professional electromagnetic engineers and researchers working in this area.

About the Authors xvii
Preface xix
Acknowledgments xxiii
1 Maxwell's Equations, Constitutive Relations, Wave Equation, and Polarization
1(51)
1.1 Introductory Comments
1(4)
1.2 Maxwell's Equations
5(5)
1.3 Constitutive Relations
10(5)
1.4 Frequency Domain Fields
15(4)
1.5 Kramers-Kronig Relationship
19(2)
1.6 Vector and Scalar Wave Equations
21(2)
1.6.1 Vector Wave Equations for EM Fields
21(1)
1.6.2 Scalar Wave Equations for EM Fields
22(1)
1.7 Separable Solutions of the Source-Free Wave Equation in Rectangular Coordinates and for Isotropic Homogeneous Media. Plane Waves
23(6)
1.8 Polarization of Plane Waves, Poincare Sphere, and Stokes Parameters
29(11)
1.8.1 Polarization States
29(3)
1.8.2 General Elliptical Polarization
32(4)
1.8.3 Decomposition of a Polarization State into Circularly Polarized Components
36(1)
1.8.4 Poincare Sphere for Describing Polarization States
37(3)
1.9 Phase and Group Velocity
40(4)
1.10 Separable Solutions of the Source-Free Wave Equation in Cylindrical and Spherical Coordinates and for Isotropic Homogeneous Media
44(7)
1.10.1 Source-Free Cylindrical Wave Solutions
44(4)
1.10.2 Source-Free Spherical Wave Solutions
48(3)
References
51(1)
2 EM Boundary and Radiation Conditions
52(35)
2.1 EM Field Behavior Across a Boundary Surface
52(8)
2.2 Radiation Boundary Condition
60(3)
2.3 Boundary Conditions at a Moving Interface
63(21)
2.3.1 Nonrelativistic Moving Boundary Conditions
63(3)
2.3.2 Derivation of the Nonrelativistic Field Transformations
66(3)
2.3.3 EM Field Transformations Based on the Special Theory of Relativity
69(15)
2.4 Constitutive Relations for a Moving Medium
84(1)
References
85(2)
3 Plane Wave Propagation in Planar Layered Media
87(57)
3.1 Introduction
87(1)
3.2 Plane Wave Reflection from a Planar Boundary Between Two Different Media
87(25)
3.2.1 Perpendicular Polarization Case
88(5)
3.2.2 Parallel Polarization Case
93(4)
3.2.3 Brewster Angle θb
97(3)
3.2.4 Critical Angle θc
100(4)
3.2.5 Plane Wave Incident on a Lossy Half Space
104(6)
3.2.6 Doppler Shift for Wave Reflection from a Moving Mirror
110(2)
3.3 Reflection and Transmission of a Plane Wave Incident on a Planar Stratified Isotropic Medium Using a Transmission Matrix Approach
112(7)
3.4 Plane Waves in Anisotropic Homogeneous Media
119(16)
3.5 State Space Formulation for Waves in Planar Anisotropic Layered Media
135(8)
3.5.1 Development of State Space Based Field Equations
135(4)
3.5.2 Reflection and Transmission of Plane Waves at the Interface Between Two Anisotropic Half Spaces
139(3)
3.5.3 Transmission Type Matrix Analysis of Plane Waves in Multilayered Anisotropic Media
142(1)
References
143(1)
4 Plane Wave Spectral Representation for EM Fields
144(12)
4.1 Introduction
144(1)
4.2 PWS Development
144(11)
References
155(1)
5 Electromagnetic Potentials and Fields of Sources in Unbounded Regions
156(55)
5.1 Introduction to Vector and Scalar Potentials
156(4)
5.2 Construction of the Solution for A
160(5)
5.3 Calculation of Fields from Potentials
165(11)
5.4 Time Dependent Potentials for Sources and Fields in Unbounded Regions
176(9)
5.5 Potentials and Fields of a Moving Point Charge
185(7)
5.6 Cerenkov Radiation
192(3)
5.7 Direct Calculation of Fields of Sources in Unbounded Regions Using a Dyadic Green's Function
195(14)
5.7.1 Fields of Sources in Unbounded, Isotropic, Homogeneous Media in Terms of a Closed Form Representation of Green's Dyadic, G0
195(2)
5.7.2 On the Singular Nature of G0(r\r') for Observation Points Within the Source Region
197(4)
5.7.3 Representation of the Green's Dyadic G0 in Terms of an Integral in the Wavenumber (k) Space
201(7)
5.7.4 Electromagnetic Radiation by a Source in a General Bianisotropic Medium Using a Green's Dyadic Ga in k-Space
208(1)
References
209(2)
6 Electromagnetic Field Theorems and Related Topics
211(103)
6.1 Conservation of Charge
211(1)
6.2 Conservation of Power
212(6)
6.3 Conservation of Momentum
218(7)
6.4 Radiation Pressure
225(10)
6.5 Duality Theorem
235(7)
6.6 Reciprocity Theorems and Conservation of Reactions
242(9)
6.6.1 The Lorentz Reciprocity Theorem
243(6)
6.6.2 Reciprocity Theorem for Bianisotropic Media
249(2)
6.7 Uniqueness Theorem
251(3)
6.8 Image Theorems
254(4)
6.9 Equivalence Theorems
258(20)
6.9.1 Volume Equivalence Theorem for EM Scattering
258(2)
6.9.2 A Surface Equivalence Theorem for EM Scattering
260(10)
6.9.3 A Surface Equivalence Theorem for Antennas
270(8)
6.10 Antenna Impedance
278(4)
6.11 Antenna Equivalent Circuit
282(1)
6.12 The Receiving Antenna Problem
282(5)
6.13 Expressions for Antenna Mutual Coupling Based on Generalized Reciprocity Theorems
287(10)
6.13.1 Circuit Form of the Reciprocity Theorem for Antenna Mutual Coupling
287(5)
6.13.2 A Mixed Circuit Field Form of a Generalized Reciprocity Theorem for Antenna Mutual Coupling
292(2)
6.13.3 A Mutual Admittance Expression for Slot Antennas
294(2)
6.13.4 Antenna Mutual Coupling, Reaction Concept, and Antenna Measurements
296(1)
6.14 Relation Between Antenna and Scattering Problems
297(11)
6.14.1 Exterior Radiation by a Slot Aperture Antenna Configuration
297(2)
6.14.2 Exterior Radiation by a Monopole Antenna Configuration
299(9)
6.15 Radar Cross Section
308(1)
6.16 Antenna Directive Gain
309(2)
6.17 Field Decomposition Theorem
311(2)
References
313(1)
7 Modal Techniques for the Analysis of Guided Waves, Resonant Cavities, and Periodic Structures
314(139)
7.1 On Modal Analysis of Some Guided Wave Problems
314(1)
7.2 Classification of Modal Fields in Uniform Guiding Structures
314(11)
7.2.1 TEMZ Guided waves
315(10)
7.3 TMZ Guided Waves
325(3)
7.4 TEZ Guided Waves
328(2)
7.5 Modal Expansions in Closed Uniform Waveguides
330(7)
7.5.1 TMz Modes
331(1)
7.5.2 TEz Modes
332(2)
7.5.3 Orthogonality of Modes in Closed Perfectly Conducting Uniform Waveguides
334(3)
7.6 Effect of Losses in Closed Guided Wave Structures
337(1)
7.7 Source Excited Uniform Closed Perfectly Conducting Waveguides
338(4)
7.8 An Analysis of Some Closed Metallic Waveguides
342(41)
7.8.1 Modes in a Parallel Plate Waveguide
342(8)
7.8.2 Modes in a Rectangular Waveguide
350(8)
7.8.3 Modes in a Circular Waveguide
358(6)
7.8.4 Coaxial Waveguide
364(2)
7.8.5 Obstacles and Discontinuities in Waveguides
366(13)
7.8.6 Modal Propagation Past a Slot in a Waveguide
379(4)
7.9 Closed and Open Waveguides Containing Penetrable Materials and Coatings
383(17)
7.9.1 Material-Loaded Closed PEC Waveguide
384(4)
7.9.2 Material Slab Waveguide
388(7)
7.9.3 Grounded Material Slab Waveguide
395(1)
7.9.4 The Goubau Line
395(3)
7.9.5 Circular Cylindrical Optical Fiber Waveguides
398(2)
7.10 Modal Analysis of Resonators
400(9)
7.10.1 Rectangular Waveguide Cavity Resonator
402(4)
7.10.2 Circular Waveguide Cavity Resonator
406(2)
7.10.3 Dielectric Resonators
408(1)
7.11 Excitation of Resonant Cavities
409(2)
7.12 Modal Analysis of Periodic Arrays
411(11)
7.12.1 Floquet Modal Analysis of an Infinite Planar Periodic Array of Electric Current Sources
412(7)
7.12.2 Floquet Modal Analysis of an Infinite Planar Periodic Array of Current Sources Configured in a Skewed Grid
419(3)
7.13 Higher-Order Floquet Modes and Associated Grating Lobe Circle Diagrams for Infinite Planar Periodic Arrays
422(3)
7.13.1 Grating Lobe Circle Diagrams
422(3)
7.14 On Waves Guided and Radiated by Periodic Structures
425(5)
7.15 Scattering by a Planar Periodic Array
430(7)
7.15.1 Analysis of the EM Plane Wave Scattering by an Infinite Periodic Slot Array in a Planar PEC Screen
432(5)
7.16 Finite 1-D and 2-D Periodic Array of Sources
437(14)
7.16.1 Analysis of Finite 1-D Periodic Arrays for the Case of Uniform Source Distribution and Far Zone Observation
437(7)
7.16.2 Analysis of Finite 2-D Periodic Arrays for the Case of Uniform Distribution and Far Zone Observation
444(2)
7.16.3 Floquet Modal Representation for Near and Far Fields of 1-D Nonuniform Finite Periodic Array Distributions
446(3)
7.16.4 Floquet Modal Representation for Near and Far Fields of 2-D Nonuniform Planar Periodic Finite Array Distributions
449(2)
References
451(2)
8 Green's Functions for the Analysis of One-Dimensional Source-Excited Wave Problems
453(69)
8.1 Introduction to the Sturm-Liouville Form of Differential Equation for 1-D Wave Problems
453(3)
8.2 Formulation of the Solution to the Sturm-Liouville Problem via the 1-D Green's Function Approach
456(7)
8.3 Conditions Under Which the Green's Function Is Symmetric
463(1)
8.4 Construction of the Green's Function G(x\x')
464(2)
8.4.1 General Procedure to Obtain G(x\x')
464(2)
8.5 Alternative Simplified Construction of G(x\x') Valid for the Symmetric Case
466(17)
8.6 On the Existence and Uniqueness of G(x\x')
483(1)
8.7 Eigenfunction Expansion Representation for G(x\x')
483(5)
8.8 Delta Function Completeness Relation and the Construction of Eigenfunctions from G(x\x') = U(x<)T(x>)/W
488(31)
8.9 Explicit Representation of G(x\x') Using Step Functions
519(1)
References
520(2)
9 Applications of One-Dimensional Green's Function Approach for the Analysis of Single and Coupled Set of EM Source Excited Transmission Lines
522(32)
9.1 Introduction
522(1)
9.2 Analytical Formulation for a Single Transmission Line Made Up of Two Conductors
522(3)
9.3 Wave Solution for the Two Conductor Lines When There Are No Impressed Sources Distributed Anywhere Within the Line
525(2)
9.4 Wave Solution for the Case of Impressed Sources Placed Anywhere on a Two Conductor Line
527(14)
9.5 Excitation of a Two Conductor Transmission Line by an Externally Incident Electromagnetic Wave
541(2)
9.6 A Matrix Green's Function Approach for Analyzing a Set of Coupled Transmission Lines
543(3)
9.7 Solution to the Special Case of Two Coupled Lines (N = 2) with Homogeneous Dirichlet or Neumann End Conditions
546(5)
9.8 Development of the Multiport Impedance Matrix for a Set of Coupled Transmission Lines
551(1)
9.9 Coupled Transmission Line Problems with Voltage Sources and Load Impedances at the End Terminals
552(1)
References
553(1)
10 Green's Functions for the Analysis of Two- and Three-Dimensional Source-Excited Scalar and EM Vector Wave Problems
554(116)
10.1 Introduction
554(1)
10.2 General Formulation for Source-Excited 3-D Separable Scalar Wave Problems Using Green's Functions
555(11)
10.3 General Procedure for Construction of Scalar 2-D and 3-D Green's Function in Rectangular Coordinates
566(3)
10.4 General Procedure for Construction of Scalar 2-D and 3-D Green's Functions in Cylindrical Coordinates
569(3)
10.5 General Procedure for Construction of Scalar 3-D Green's Functions in Spherical Coordinates
572(3)
10.6 General Formulation for Source-Excited 3-D Separable EM Vector Wave Problems Using Dyadic Green's Functions
575(8)
10.7 Some Specific Green's Functions for 2-D Problems
583(40)
10.7.1 Fields of a Uniform Electric Line Source
583(7)
10.7.2 Fields of an Infinite Periodic Array of Electric Line Sources
590(1)
10.7.3 Line Source-Excited PEC Circular Cylinder Green's Function
591(5)
10.7.4 A Cylindrical Wave Series Expansion for H0(2)(k\ρ - ρ'\)
596(2)
10.7.5 Line Source Excitation of a PEC Wedge
598(4)
10.7.6 Line Source Excitation of a PEC Parallel Plate Waveguide
602(4)
10.7.7 The Fields of a Line Dipole Source
606(2)
10.7.8 Fields of a Magnetic Line Source on an Infinite Planar Impedance Surface
608(4)
10.7.9 Fields of a Magnetic Line Dipole Source on an Infinite Planar Impedance Surface
612(2)
10.7.10 Circumferentially Propagating Surface Fields of a Line Source Excited Impedance Circular Cylinder
614(3)
10.7.11 Analysis of Circumferentially Propagating Waves for a Line Dipole Source-Excited Impedance Circular Cylinder
617(2)
10.7.12 Fields of a Traveling Wave Line Source
619(1)
10.7.13 Traveling Wave Line Source Excitation of a PEC Wedge and a PEC Cylinder
620(3)
10.8 Examples of Some Alternative Representations of Green's Functions for Scalar 3-D Point Source-Excited Cylinders, Wedges and Spheres
623(29)
10.8.1 3-D Scalar Point Source-Excited Circular Cylinder Green's Function
623(7)
10.8.2 3-D Scalar Point Source Excitation of a Wedge
630(2)
10.8.3 Angularly and Radially Propagating 3-D Scalar Point Source Green's Function for a Sphere
632(8)
10.8.4 Kontorovich--Lebedev Transform and MacDonald Based Approaches for Constructing an Angularly Propagating 3-D Point Source Scalar Wedge Green's Function
640(7)
10.8.5 Analysis of the Fields of a Vertical Electric or Magnetic Current Point Source on a PEC Sphere
647(5)
10.9 General Procedure for Construction of EM Dyadic Green's Functions for Source-Excited Separable Canonical Problems via Scalar Green's Functions
652(13)
10.9.1 Summary of Procedure to Obtain the EM Fields of Arbitrarily Oriented Point Sources Exciting Canonical Separable Configurations
653(12)
10.10 Completeness of the Eigenfunction Expansion of the Dyadic Green's Function at the Source Point
665(4)
References
669(1)
11 Method of Factorization and the Wiener--Hopf Technique for Analyzing Two-Part EM Wave Problems
670(27)
11.1 The Wiener--Hopf Procedure
670(12)
11.2 The Dual Integral Equation Approach
682(9)
11.3 The Jones Method
691(5)
References
696(1)
12 Integral Equation-Based Methods for the Numerical Solution of Nonseparable EM Radiation and Scattering Problems
697(45)
12.1 Introduction
697(1)
12.2 Boundary Integral Equations
697(8)
12.2.1 The Electric Field Integral Equation (EFIE)
699(1)
12.2.2 The Magnetic Field Integral Equation (MFIE)
700(1)
12.2.3 Combined Field and Combined Source Integral Equations
701(1)
12.2.4 Impedance Boundary Condition
702(1)
12.2.5 Boundary Integral Equation for a Homogeneous Material Volume
703(2)
12.3 Volume Integral Equations
705(1)
12.4 The Numerical Solution of Integral Equations
706(14)
12.4.1 The Minimum Square-Error Method
706(2)
12.4.2 The Method of Moments (MoM)
708(2)
12.4.3 Simplification of the MoM Impedance Matrix Integrals
710(3)
12.4.4 Expansion and Testing Functions
713(5)
12.4.5 Low-Frequency Break-Down
718(2)
12.5 Iterative Solution of Large MoM Matrices
720(12)
12.5.1 Fast Iterative Solution of MoM Matrix Equations
721(4)
12.5.2 The Fast Multipole Method (FMM)
725(5)
12.5.3 Multilevel FMM and Fast Fourier Transform FMM
730(2)
12.6 Antenna Modeling with the Method of Moments
732(2)
12.7 Aperture Coupling with the Method of Moments
734(2)
12.8 Physical Optics Methods
736(4)
12.8.1 Physical Optics for a PEC Surface
736(2)
12.8.2 Iterative Physical Optics
738(2)
References
740(2)
13 Introduction to Characteristic Modes
742(10)
13.1 Introduction
742(1)
13.2 Characteristic Modes from the EFIE for a Conducting Surface
743(3)
13.2.1 Electric Field Integral Equation and Radiation Operator
743(1)
13.2.2 Eigenfunctions of the Electric Field Radiation Operator
743(2)
13.2.3 Characteristic Modes from the EFIE Impedance Matrix
745(1)
13.3 Computation of Characteristic Modes
746(2)
13.4 Solution of the EFIE Using Characteristic Modes
748(1)
13.5 Tracking Characteristic Modes with Frequency
749(1)
13.6 Antenna Excitation Using Characteristic Modes
749(1)
References
750(2)
14 Asymptotic Evaluation of Radiation and Diffraction Type Integrals for High Frequencies
752(66)
14.1 Introduction
752(1)
14.2 Steepest Descent Techniques for the Asymptotic Evaluation of Radiation Integrals
752(39)
14.2.1 Topology of the Exponent in the Integrand Containing a First-Order Saddle Point
753(3)
14.2.2 Asymptotic Evaluation of Integrals Containing a First-Order Saddle Point in Its Integrand Which Is Free of Singularities
756(4)
14.2.3 Asymptotic Evaluation of Integrals Containing a Higher-Order Saddle Point in Its Integrand Which Is Free of Singularities
760(3)
14.2.4 Pauli--Clemmow Method (PCM) for the Asymptotic Evaluation of Integrals Containing a First-Order Saddle Point Near a Simple Pole Singularity
763(10)
14.2.5 Van der Waerden Method (VWM) for the Asymptotic Evaluation of Integrals Containing a First-Order Saddle Point Near a Simple Pole Singularity
773(2)
14.2.6 Relationship Between PCM and VWM Leading to a Generalized PCM (or GPC) Solution
775(2)
14.2.7 An Extension of PCM for Asymptotic Evaluation of an Integral Containing a First-Order Saddle Point and a Nearby Double Pole
777(2)
14.2.8 An Extension of PCM for Asymptotic Evaluation of an Integral Containing a First-Order Saddle Point and Two Nearby First-Order Poles
779(4)
14.2.9 An Extension of VWM for Asymptotic Evaluation of an Integral Containing a First-Order Saddle Point and a Nearby Double Pole
783(1)
14.2.10 Nonuniform Asymptotic Evaluation of an Integral Containing a Saddle Point and a Branch Point
784(5)
14.2.11 Uniform Asymptotic Evaluation of an Integral Containing a Saddle Point and a Nearby Branch Point
789(2)
14.3 Asymptotic Evaluation of Integrals with End Points
791(3)
14.3.1 Watson's Lemma for Integrals
792(1)
14.3.2 Generalized Watson's Lemma for Integrals
792(1)
14.3.3 Integration by Parts for Asymptotic Evaluation of a Class of Integrals
792(2)
14.4 Asymptotic Evaluation of Radiation Integrals Based on the Stationary Phase Method
794(22)
14.4.1 Stationary Phase Evaluation of 1-D Infinite Integrals
794(1)
14.4.2 Nonuniform Stationary Phase Evaluation of 1-D Integrals with End Points
795(1)
14.4.3 Uniform Stationary Phase Evaluation of 1-D Integrals with a Nearby End Point
796(5)
14.4.4 Nonuniform Stationary Phase Evaluation of 2-D Infinite Integrals
801(15)
References
816(2)
15 Physical and Geometrical Optics
818(37)
15.1 The Physical Optics (PO) Approximation for PEC Surfaces
818(2)
15.2 The Geometrical Optics (GO) Ray Field
820(4)
15.3 GO Transport Singularities
824(4)
15.4 Wavefronts, Stationary Phase, and GO
828(4)
15.5 GO Incident and Reflected Ray Fields
832(8)
15.6 Uniform GO Valid at Smooth Caustics
840(14)
References
854(1)
16 Geometrical and Integral Theories of Diffraction
855(96)
16.1 Geometrical Theory of Diffraction and Its Uniform Version (UTD)
855(6)
16.2 UTD for an Edge in an Otherwise Smooth PEC Surface
861(11)
16.3 UTD Slope Diffraction for an Edge
872(2)
16.4 An Alternative Uniform Solution (the UAT) for Edge Diffraction
874(1)
16.5 UTD Solutions for Fields of Sources in the Presence of Smooth PEC Convex Surfaces
874(39)
16.5.1 UTD Analysis of the Scattering by a Smooth, Convex Surface
876(9)
16.5.2 UTD for the Radiation by Antennas on a Smooth, Convex Surface
885(16)
16.5.3 UTD Analysis of the Surface Fields of Antennas on a Smooth, Convex Surface
901(12)
16.6 UTD for a Vertex
913(2)
16.7 UTD for Edge-Excited Surface Rays
915(6)
16.8 The Equivalent Line Current Method (ECM)
921(5)
16.8.1 Line Type ECM for Edge-Diffracted Ray Caustic Field Analysis
922(4)
16.9 Equivalent Line Current Method for Interior PEC Waveguide Problems
926(7)
16.9.1 TEy Case
927(5)
16.9.2 TMy Case
932(1)
16.10 The Physical Theory of Diffraction (PTD)
933(7)
16.10.1 PTD for Edged Bodies - A Canonical Edge Diffraction Problem in the PTD Development
936(1)
16.10.2 Details of PTD for 3-D Edged Bodies
937(2)
16.10.3 Reduction of PTD to 2-D Edged Bodies
939(1)
16.11 On the PTD for Aperture Problems
940(1)
16.12 Time-Domain Uniform Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (TD-UTD)
940(5)
16.12.1 Introductory Comments
940(1)
16.12.2 Analytic Time Transform (ATT)
941(1)
16.12.3 TD-UTD for a General PEC Curved Wedge
942(3)
References
945(6)
17 Development of Asymptotic High-Frequency Solutions to Some Canonical Problems
951(91)
17.1 Introduction
951(1)
17.2 Development of UTD Solutions for Some Canonical Wedge Diffraction Problems
951(23)
17.2.1 Scalar 2-D Line Source Excitation of a Wedge
952(6)
17.2.2 Scalar Plane Wave Excitation of a Wedge
958(2)
17.2.3 Scalar Spherical Wave Excitation of a Wedge
960(5)
17.2.4 EM Plane Wave Excitation of a PEC Wedge
965(3)
17.2.5 EM Conical Wave Excitation of a PEC Wedge
968(3)
17.2.6 EM Spherical Wave Excitation of a PEC Wedge
971(3)
17.3 Canonical Problem of Slope Diffraction by a PEC Wedge
974(4)
17.4 Development of a UTD Solution for Scattering by a Canonical 2-D PEC Circular Cylinder and Its Generalization to a Convex Cylinder
978(13)
17.4.1 Field Analysis for the Shadowed Part of the Transition Region
982(3)
17.4.2 Field Analysis for the Illuminated Part of the Transition Region
985(6)
17.5 A Collective UTD for an Efficient Ray Analysis of the Radiation by Finite Conformal Phased Arrays on Infinite PEC Circular Cylinders
991(13)
17.5.1 Finite Axial Array on a Circular PEC Cylinder
992(7)
17.5.2 Finite Circumferential Array on a Circular PEC Cylinder
999(5)
17.6 Surface, Leaky, and Lateral Waves Associated with Planar Material Boundaries
1004(28)
17.6.1 Introduction
1004(1)
17.6.2 The EM Fields of a Magnetic Line Source on a Uniform Planar Impedance Surface
1004(7)
17.6.3 EM Surface and Leaky Wave Fields of a Uniform Line Source over a Planar Grounded Material Slab
1011(8)
17.6.4 An Analysis of the Lateral Wave Phenomena Arising in the Problem of a Vertical Electric Point Current Source over a Dielectric Half Space
1019(13)
17.7 Surface Wave Diffraction by a Planar, Two-Part Impedance Surface: Development of a Ray Solution
1032(6)
17.7.1 TEz Case
1033(3)
17.7.2 TMZ Case
1036(2)
17.8 Ray Solutions for Special Cases of Discontinuities in Nonconducting or Penetrable Boundaries
1038(1)
References
1039(3)
18 EM Beams and Some Applications
1042(23)
18.1 Introduction
1042(1)
18.2 Astigmatic Gaussian Beams
1043(8)
18.2.1 Paraxial Wave Equation Solutions
1043(1)
18.2.2 2-D Beams
1044(3)
18.2.3 3-D Astigmatic Gaussian Beams
1047(1)
18.2.4 3-D Gaussian Beam from a Gaussian Aperture Distribution
1048(2)
18.2.5 Reflection of Astigmatic Gaussian Beams (GBs)
1050(1)
18.3 Complex Source Beams and Relation to GBs
1051(10)
18.3.1 Introduction to Complex Source Beams (CSBs)
1051(1)
18.3.2 Complex Source Beam from Scalar Green's Function
1051(3)
18.3.3 Representation of Arbitrary EM Fields by a CSB Expansion
1054(2)
18.3.4 Edge Diffraction of an Incident CSB by a Curved Conducting Wedge
1056(5)
18.4 Pulsed Complex Source Beams in the Time Domain
1061(2)
References
1063(2)
A Coordinate Systems, Vectors, and Dyadics 1065(7)
B The Total Time Derivative of a Time Varying Flux Density Integrated Over a Moving Surface 1072(3)
C The Delta Function 1075(3)
D Transverse Fields in Terms of Axial Field Components for TMZ and TEZ Waves Guided Along z 1078(2)
E Two Different Representations for Partial Poisson Sum Formulas and Their Equivalence 1080(2)
F Derivation of 1-D Green's Second Identity 1082(1)
G Green's Second Identity for 3-D Scalar, Vector, and Vector-Dyadic Wave Fields 1083(3)
H Formal Decomposition and Factorization Formulas 1086(3)
I On the Transition Function F(±Ka) 1089(3)
J On the Branch Cuts Commonly Encountered in the Evaluation of Spectral Wave Integrals 1092(4)
K On the Steepest Descent Path (SDP) for Spectral Wave Integrals 1096(3)
L Parameters Used in the Uniform GO Solution for the Lit and Shadow Sides of a Smooth Caustic 1099(2)
M Asymptotic Approximations of Hankel Functions for Large Argument and Various Orders 1101(4)
Index 1105
PRABHAKAR H. PATHAK, PhD, is Professor Emeritus at Ohio State University in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and the ElectroScience Lab. He is regarded as a co-developer of the Uniform Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (UTD). His research interests are in theoretical EM, and more recently in the development of ray, beam and hybrid methods for analyzing the EM fields of large conformal arrays and small antennas on large complex platforms (e.g., aircraft/spacecraft, etc.).

ROBERT J. BURKHOLDER, PhD, is a Research Professor Emeritus at Ohio State University in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and the ElectroScience Lab. He has over 30 years of experience in theoretical and numerical modeling methods for realistic EM radiation, propagation, and scattering applications.
Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām
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