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E-grāmata: Emergency Medicine: Diagnosis and Management, 7th Edition

(Professor of Emergency Medicine, University of Queensland; and Royal Brisbane and Womens Hospital, Australia), (Department of Emergency Medicine, Sir Charles Gardiner Hospital, Perth, Australia)
  • Formāts: 535 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 27-Apr-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Productivity Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781498786768
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  • Formāts: 535 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 27-Apr-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Productivity Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781498786768
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Emergency Medicine: Diagnosis and Management incorporates the latest ideas and evidence base underpinning best practice emergency medicine care. This book covers a wide variety of emergencies, including general medical, critical care, infectious disease, foreign travel, acid-base and electrolytes to surgical, orthopaedic, paediatric, obstretrics and gynaecology, ophthalmic, ENT and psychiatric, as well as toxicology, practical procedures and administrative and legal issues.



Presented in an easy-to-read format, the book includes succinct bullet point text, synoptic tables, charts and diagrams to find key information quickly, in a new edition aimed as much for use at the bedside as it is for studying. Every emergency topic is approached in the same standardized format covering first the Diagnosis and then Management.



Diagnosis includes essential knowledge to elicit in the history including background and epidemiology, characteristic features on examination including vital signs and organ-specific findings, and investigations such as bedside testing, laboratory testing, and radiology. Management then covers general supportive measures, specific treatment, and the disposal decision including whether time-critical, to which specialty and conversely who may safely go home.



The text is supported by a wealth of additional online material at www.lifeinthefastlane.com including high-resolution clinical images, videos, case-based questions, examination material and links to online references. This edition is completely revised and contains up-to-date evidence on every topic, including the latest 2015 CPR guidelines, sepsis guidelines, major trauma management, HIV care and many other newly released treatment protocols.

Recenzijas

"As a physician who teaches a lot of residents and medical students, I find this type of book very useful and easy to recommend. It serves well as an adjunct to other books and lectures and really tells readers just the important stuff. It has been five years since the prior edition and the authors have updated the book nicely, and include a reference to an online blog/website that is published privately by one of the authors." - Michael D. Zwank, MD, RDMS, FACEP(University of Minnesota Medical School), Doody Enterprises

Preface xxi
Acknowledgements xxiii
Section I Critical Care Emergencies
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
2(11)
Initial approach
2(4)
Definitive care
6(7)
Acute Upper Airway Obstruction
13(2)
Shocked Patient
15(9)
General approach
15(4)
Hypovolaemic shock
19(2)
Septic shock
21(3)
Unconscious Patient
24(3)
Anaphylaxis
27(2)
Severe Head Injury
29(5)
Critical Care Areas Drug Infusion Guidelines
34(7)
Further Reading
41(3)
Section II General Medical Emergencies
Chest Pain
44(16)
Acute coronary syndrome
44(1)
ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
44(4)
Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and unstable angina
48(3)
Non-cardiac chest pain
51(1)
Pulmonary embolus
51(4)
Venous thromboembolism with deep vein thrombosis
55(2)
Aortic dissection
57(1)
Pericarditis
58(1)
Pleurisy
59(1)
Abdominal causes of chest pain
59(1)
Musculoskeletal and chest wall pain
60(1)
Cardiac Arrhythmias
60(5)
Breathless Patient
65(11)
Acute asthma
65(3)
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
68(3)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
71(2)
Pneumothorax
73(2)
Pulmonary embolus
75(1)
Pulmonary oedema
75(1)
Acute upper airway obstruction
76(1)
Upper Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage
76(2)
Diabetic Coma and Pre-Coma
78(3)
Diabetic ketoacidosis
79(2)
Hyperosmolar, hyperglycaemic state
81(1)
Altered Conscious Level
81(7)
Confused patient
82(4)
Alcohol-related medical problems
86(1)
Patient with an altered conscious level and smelling of alcohol
86(1)
Alcohol withdrawal
87(1)
Acute Neurological Conditions
88(11)
Syncope
89(2)
Seizure (fit)
91(2)
Generalized convulsive status epilepticus
93(1)
Transient ischaemic attack
94(2)
Stroke
96(3)
Headache
99(8)
Meningitis
100(1)
Subarachnoid haemorrhage
101(1)
Space-occupying lesion
102(1)
Temporal arteritis
103(1)
Acute narrow-angle glaucoma
103(1)
Hypertensive encephalopathy
103(1)
Migraine
104(2)
Tension (muscle contraction) headache
106(1)
Post-traumatic headache
106(1)
Disease in other cranial structures
107(1)
Acute Arthropathy
107(4)
Acute monoarthritis
107(1)
Septic arthritis
107(1)
Gouty arthritis
108(1)
Pseudogout
109(1)
Traumatic haemarthrosis
109(1)
Acute polyarthritis
110(1)
Rheumatoid arthritis
110(1)
Osteoarthritis
111(1)
Periarticular swellings
111(1)
Allergic or Immunological Conditions
111(2)
Urticaria (hives)
112(1)
Angioedema
112(1)
Skin Disorders
113(6)
Blistering (vesicobullous) conditions
114(1)
Pruritus (itching conditions)
115(1)
Purpuric conditions
116(2)
Exanthematous diseases
118(1)
Malignant melanoma
119(1)
Elderly Patient
119(4)
Disordered behaviour in the elderly
120(1)
Falls in the elderly
121(2)
Further Reading
123(3)
Section III Acid-Base, Electrolyte And Renal Emergencies
Acid-Base Disturbances
126(8)
Arterial blood gas interpretation
126(2)
Metabolic acidosis
128(3)
Metabolic alkalosis
131(1)
Respiratory acidosis
132(1)
Respiratory alkalosis
133(1)
Electrolyte Disorders
134(9)
Potassium disorders
134(1)
Hyperkalaemia
134(2)
Hypokalaemia
136(2)
Sodium disorders
138(1)
Hypernatraemia
138(1)
Hyponatraemia
139(1)
Calcium disorders
140(1)
Hypercalcaemia
140(1)
Hypocalcaemia
141(1)
Magnesium disorders
142(1)
Hypermagnesaemia
142(1)
Hypomagnesaemia
143(1)
Acute Renal Failure
143(3)
Acute kidney injury
143(3)
Further Reading
146(2)
Section IV Infectious Disease And Foreign Travel Emergencies
Febrile Neutropenic Patient
148(1)
Hepatitis
149(1)
Gastrointestinal Tract Infection
150(1)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
151(1)
Needlestick and Sharps Incidents
152(2)
Inoculation incident with HIV risk
152(1)
Inoculation incident with hepatitis risk
153(1)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
154(3)
Tuberculosis
157(1)
Bites with Rabies or Other Lyssavirus Risk
158(2)
Rabies and lyssavirus risk
158(2)
Common Imported Diseases of Travellers
160(4)
Malaria
160(2)
Typhoid
162(1)
Dengue
162(1)
Typhus and spotted fevers
163(1)
Helminth infections
163(1)
Pandemic Influenza
164(1)
Further Reading
165(3)
Section V Surgical Emergencies
Multiple Injuries
168(5)
Further Diagnosis and Management of Multiple Injuries: Definitive Care
173(1)
Head and Facial Injuries
173(1)
Neck Injuries
174(7)
Cervical spine injury
174(5)
Airway injury
179(1)
Vascular injury in the neck
179(1)
Nerve injury in the neck
180(1)
Oesophageal injury
180(1)
Neck sprain
180(1)
Chest Injuries
181(7)
Pneumothorax
181(1)
Haemothorax
182(1)
Rib and sternum fractures
182(1)
Myocardial contusion
183(1)
Aortic rupture
184(1)
Diaphragm rupture
185(1)
Oesophageal rupture
186(1)
Penetrating chest injury
186(2)
Abdominal and Pelvic Trauma
188(5)
Blunt abdominal trauma
188(1)
Penetrating abdominal trauma
189(1)
Pelvic injury
190(1)
Blunt renal injury
191(1)
Penetrating renal injury
192(1)
Bladder and urethral injuries
193(1)
Additional Orthopaedic Injuries in Multiple Trauma
193(3)
Thoracic and lumbosacral spine injury
194(1)
Limb injury
195(1)
Head Injury
196(3)
Conscious head injury
196(3)
Burns
199(5)
Major burns
199(4)
Minor burns and scalds
203(1)
Minor burns of the hand
204(1)
Minor burns of the face
204(1)
Acute Abdomen
204(18)
Seriously ill patient
205(1)
Stable patient with an acute abdomen
206(1)
Causes of acute abdominal pain
207(1)
Acute appendicitis
207(2)
Intestinal obstruction
209(1)
Intussusception
210(1)
Perforation of a viscus
210(1)
Diverticulitis
211(1)
Inflammatory bowel disease
211(1)
Biliary colic
212(1)
Acute cholecystitis
212(1)
Ascending cholangitis
213(1)
Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm
213(1)
Ischaemic colitis
214(1)
Mesenteric infarction
215(1)
Ruptured spleen
215(1)
Acute pancreatitis
216(1)
Renal and ureteric colic
217(1)
Pyelonephritis
218(1)
Acute urinary retention
218(1)
Acute epididymo-orchitis
219(1)
Acute testicular torsion
220(1)
Primary peritonitis
220(1)
Retroperitoneal haemorrhage
220(1)
Gynaecological causes
221(1)
Medical disorders presenting with acute abdominal pain
221(1)
Further Reading
222(2)
Section VI Orthopaedic Emergencies
Injuries to the Shoulder and Upper Arm
224(6)
Fractures of the clavicle
224(1)
Acromioclavicular dislocation
224(1)
Sternoclavicular dislocation
225(1)
Fractures of the scapula
225(1)
Anterior dislocation of the shoulder
226(2)
Posterior dislocation of the shoulder
228(1)
Fractures of the upper humerus
229(1)
Fractures of the shaft of the humerus
229(1)
Injuries to the Elbow and Forearm
230(6)
Supracondylar fracture of the humerus
230(1)
Condylar and epicondylar fractures of the humerus
231(1)
Dislocation of the elbow
232(1)
Pulled elbow
233(1)
Fractures of the olecranon
234(1)
Fractures of the radial head
234(1)
Fractures of the radial and ulnar shafts
235(1)
Injuries to the Wrist and Hand
236(12)
Colles' fracture
236(2)
Smith's fracture
238(1)
Barton's fracture-dislocation
238(1)
Radial styloid fracture
239(1)
Distal radial fractures in children
239(1)
Fractures of the scaphoid
240(1)
Dislocations of the carpus
241(1)
Fractures of the other carpal bones
242(1)
Fractures of the thumb metacarpal
243(1)
Dislocation of the thumb metacarpal
243(1)
Rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament
244(1)
Fractures of the other metacarpals
244(1)
Fractures of the proximal and middle phalanges
245(1)
Fractures of the distal phalanges
246(1)
Dislocation of the phalanges
246(1)
Flexor tendon injuries in the hand
247(1)
Extensor tendon injuries in the hand
247(1)
Digital nerve injuries
248(1)
Fingertip injuries
248(1)
Cervical Spine Injuries
248(1)
Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Injuries
249(1)
Pelvic Injuries
249(1)
Injuries to the Hip and Upper Femur
249(2)
Dislocation of the hip
249(1)
Fractures of the neck of the femur
250(1)
Fractures of the shaft of the femur
251(1)
Injuries to the Lower Femur, Knee and Upper Tibia
251(5)
Supracondylar and condylar fractures of the femur
251(1)
Fractures of the patella and injury to the quadriceps apparatus
252(1)
Dislocation of the patella
252(1)
Soft-tissue injuries of the knee
253(2)
Dislocation of the knee
255(1)
Fractures of the tibial condyles
255(1)
Injuries to the Lower Tibia, Ankle and Foot
256(7)
Fractures of the shaft of the tibia
256(1)
Isolated fractures of the fibula
256(1)
Inversion ankle injuries
257(1)
Other ankle injuries
258(1)
Dislocation of the ankle
259(1)
Fractures and dislocation of the talus
259(1)
Fractures of the calcaneus
260(1)
Rupture of the tendo achilles
260(1)
Mid-tarsal dislocations
261(1)
Metatarsal injuries and tarsometatarsal dislocations
261(1)
Fractures of the phalanges of the foot
262(1)
Dislocations of the phalanges of the foot
262(1)
Further Reading
263(3)
Section VII Musculoskeletal And Soft-Tissue Emergencies
Soft-Tissue Injuries
266(9)
Tetanus prophylaxis
269(2)
Crush injury and compartment syndrome
271(1)
Necrotising fasciitis
272(1)
Puncture injuries
273(1)
Hand infections
273(1)
Pre-tibial laceration
274(1)
Non-Articular Rheumatism
275(4)
Torticollis (wry neck)
275(1)
Frozen shoulder
276(1)
Rotator cuff tear: supraspinatus rupture
276(1)
Supraspinatus tendonitis
277(1)
Subacromial bursitis
277(1)
Tennis and golfer's elbow
277(1)
Olecranon bursitis
278(1)
De Quervain's stenosing tenosynovitis
278(1)
Carpal tunnel syndrome
278(1)
Prepatellar bursitis
279(1)
Back Pain
279(3)
Direct back trauma
279(1)
Indirect mechanical back trauma
279(2)
Severe or atypical, non-traumatic back pain
281(1)
Mild to moderate, non-traumatic back pain
282(1)
Further Reading
282(2)
Section VIII Paediatric Emergencies
General Assessment
284(2)
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
286(7)
Breathless Child
293(6)
Asthma
294(1)
Bronchiolitis
295(1)
Pneumonia
296(2)
Anaphylaxis
298(1)
Stridor
299(3)
Croup (acute laryngotracheobronchitis)
299(1)
Inhaled foreign body
300(1)
Epiglottitis (supraglottitis)
301(1)
Abdominal Pain, Diarrhoea and Vomiting
302(5)
Acute abdominal pain
302(1)
Diarrhoea, vomiting and dehydration
303(4)
Febrile Child
307(4)
Seizures and Febrile Convulsions
311(3)
Seizures
311(1)
Febrile convulsion
312(2)
Acute Poisoning
314(2)
Limping Child
316(1)
Sudden Unexpected Death in Infancy
317(2)
Child Abuse (Non-Accidental Injury)
319(1)
Further Reading
320(4)
Section IX Obstetric And Gynaecological Emergencies
Gynaecological Assessment and Management
324(1)
General principles
324(1)
Prescribing in pregnancy
324(1)
Gynaecological Causes of Acute Abdominal Pain
324(3)
Pelvic inflammatory disease (acute salpingitis)
325(1)
Ruptured ovarian cyst
326(1)
Ovarian torsion
326(1)
Endometriosis
326(1)
Bleeding in Early Pregnancy
327(5)
Ruptured ectopic pregnancy
327(2)
Spontaneous miscarriage
329(2)
Septic abortion
331(1)
Conditions in Late Pregnancy
332(5)
Terminology
332(1)
Antepartum haemorrhage
332(1)
Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia
333(1)
Emergency delivery
334(1)
Trauma in late pregnancy
335(1)
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in late pregnancy
336(1)
Women's Medicine Crises
337(3)
Emergency contraception
337(1)
Missed oral contraceptive pill
338(1)
Domestic violence to females
339(1)
Sexual assault
339(1)
Further Reading
340(4)
Section X Ophthalmic Emergencies
Visual Acuity
344(1)
Topical Ophthalmic Preparations
344(1)
Traumatic Conditions of the Eye
345(5)
Periorbital haematoma ('black eye')
345(1)
Subconjunctival haematoma
345(1)
Eyelid laceration
346(1)
Eyelid burn
346(1)
Chemical burns to the eye
346(1)
Conjunctival foreign body
347(1)
Corneal foreign body
348(1)
Corneal abrasion
348(1)
Flash burn (arc eye)
348(1)
Blunt trauma to the eye
349(1)
Penetrating trauma to the eye
350(1)
Conditions Affecting the Eyelids
350(3)
Blepharitis
350(1)
Stye (external hordeolum)
351(1)
Meibomian abscess (internal hordeolum)
351(1)
Meibomian cyst (chalazion)
351(1)
Dacryocystitis
351(1)
Orbital and periorbital cellulitis
351(1)
Basal cell carcinoma (rodent ulcer)
352(1)
Ophthalmic shingles (herpes zoster ophthalmicus)
352(1)
Painful, Red Eye
353(3)
Acute conjunctivitis
353(1)
Acute keratitis
354(1)
Acute iritis
354(1)
Acute episcleritis and scleritis
355(1)
Acute glaucoma
355(1)
Sudden Loss of Vision in the Uninflamed Eye
356(3)
Central retinal artery occlusion
356(1)
Central retinal vein occlusion
357(1)
Vitreous haemorrhage
357(1)
Retinal detachment
358(1)
Optic neuritis
358(1)
Further Reading
359(3)
Section XI ENT Emergencies
Traumatic Conditions of the Ear
362(2)
Subperichondrial haematoma
362(1)
Wounds of the auricle
362(1)
Foreign body in the external ear
362(1)
Perforated eardrum
363(1)
Temporal bone fracture
363(1)
Non-Traumatic Conditions of the Ear
364(3)
Otitis externa
364(1)
Furunculosis of the external ear
364(1)
Acute otitis media
365(1)
Mastoiditis
365(1)
Vertigo
365(1)
Facial nerve palsy
366(1)
Traumatic Conditions of the Nose
367(1)
Fractured nose
367(1)
Foreign body in the nose
368(1)
Non-Traumatic Conditions of the Nose
368(2)
Epistaxis
368(2)
Traumatic Conditions of the Throat
370(1)
Non-Traumatic Conditions of the Throat
370(3)
Tonsillitis
370(1)
Quinsy (peritonsillar abscess)
371(1)
Foreign body in the pharynx
371(1)
Swallowed foreign body
372(1)
Stridor
373(1)
Further Reading
373(3)
Section XII Maxillofacial And Dental Emergencies
Traumatic Conditions of the Face and Mouth
376(5)
Lacerations
376(1)
Tooth injuries
376(1)
Fractured mandible
377(1)
Dislocated mandible
378(1)
Fracture of the zygoma or zygomaticomaxillary (malar) complex
379(1)
Orbital floor 'blow-out' fracture
380(1)
Le Fort middle-third of face fractures
380(1)
Non-Traumatic Conditions of the Mouth
381(2)
Toothache
381(1)
Dental abscess
381(1)
Ludwig's angina
382(1)
Submandibular swellings
382(1)
Further Reading
383(3)
Section XIII Psychiatric Emergencies
Deliberate Self-Harm
386(1)
Violent Patient
387(2)
Alcohol and Drug Dependency and Abuse
389(2)
Alcohol and drug withdrawal
389(1)
Problem drinking
389(1)
Opiate and intravenous drug addiction
390(1)
Benzodiazepine and solvent addiction
391(1)
Involuntary Admission
391(1)
Further Reading
392(2)
Section XIV Toxicology
Acute Poisoning: General Principles
394(3)
Specific Poisons
397(20)
Paracetamol
397(3)
Salicylates
400(1)
Tricyclic antidepressants
401(2)
Benzodiazepines
403(1)
Opioids
404(1)
Iron
404(1)
Digoxin
405(2)
Lithium
407(1)
Theophylline
408(1)
13-blockers
409(1)
Calcium-channel blocking drugs
410(1)
Carbon monoxide
411(1)
Cyanide
412(1)
Chloroquine
413(1)
Cocaine
414(1)
Organophosphates
415(1)
Paraquat
416(1)
Chemical Burns
417(1)
Further Reading
418(2)
Section XV Toxinology Emergencies
Snake Bites
420(4)
Elapid snake bites
420(3)
Viper (adder) snake bites
423(1)
Spider Bites
424(1)
Marine Envenomation
425(2)
Bee and Wasp Stings
427(1)
Further Reading
428(2)
Section XVI Environmental Emergencies
Heat, Cold and Drowning
430(6)
Heat illness
430(2)
Other hyperthermia-related illness
432(1)
Hypothermia
433(2)
Drowning
435(1)
Sports-Diving Accidents
436(3)
Decompression illness
436(2)
Decompression illness with barotrauma
438(1)
Electrocution and Lightning Strike
439(5)
Low-voltage electrocution
440(1)
High-voltage electrocution
441(1)
Electrical flash burns
442(1)
Lightning strike
442(2)
Further Reading
444(2)
Section XVII Administrative And Legal Issues
Habits of a Good Emergency Department Doctor
446(4)
Excellence in emergency department care
446(1)
Emergency department medical records
446(1)
Communicating with the general practitioner
447(1)
Breaking bad news
448(1)
Risk management and incident reporting
449(1)
Triage
450(1)
Consent, Competence and Refusal of Treatment
451(2)
Consent and competence
451(1)
Refusal of treatment and discharge against medical advice
452(1)
Police, Coroner and Attending Court
453(2)
Police request for patient information
453(1)
Police request to interview a patient
453(1)
Police request for an alcohol breath test or blood sample
453(1)
Request for a police medical statement
454(1)
Coroner
454(1)
Attending an inquest or court
455(1)
Retrieval and Inter-Hospital Transfer
455(1)
Major Incident
456(8)
External disaster
456(2)
Specialized hazardous materials responses
458(2)
Chemical incident
460(2)
Biological incident
462(1)
Radiological incident
463(1)
Further Reading
464(2)
Section XVIII Practical Procedures
Endotracheal Intubation
466(1)
Rapid Sequence Induction Intubation
467(2)
Cricothyrotomy
469(2)
Needle Thoracentesis
471(2)
Intercostal Catheter Insertion
473(1)
DC Cardioversion
474(1)
Pericardial Aspiration
475(1)
Central Line Insertion
476(4)
Intraosseous Line Insertion
480(1)
Lumbar Puncture
481(3)
Indwelling Urethral Catheter Insertion
484(2)
Nasogastric Tube Insertion
486(1)
Bier's Intravenous Regional Block
487(1)
Femoral Nerve Block
488(2)
Digital Nerve Ring Block
490(1)
Knee Aspiration
491(2)
Further Reading
493(2)
Glossary 495(8)
Appendix: Normal Laboratory Values 503(4)
Index 507
Professor Anthony F.T. Brown, MB ChB, FRCP, FRCS(Ed), FRCEM, FACEM, professor of emergency medicine, Discipline of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, School of Medicine, University of Queensland; and senior staff specialist, Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Womens Hospital, Australia



Mike Cadogan, MA(Oxon), MB ChB (Ed), FACEM, staff specialist in emergency medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Sir Charles Gardiner Hospital, Perth, Australia; and chief medical editor and co-founder of Lifeinthefastlane.com.