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E-grāmata: Endocrinology of the Heart in Health and Disease: Integrated, Cellular, and Molecular Endocrinology of the Heart

Edited by (University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC USA), Edited by (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA), Edited by (Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA)
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 19-Oct-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Academic Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128031124
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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 19-Oct-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Academic Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128031124
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Endocrinology of the Heart in Health and Disease covers the traditional concepts of cardio-endocrinology, the role of the various hormone systems both in health and disease, therapeutic implications, as well as other recent advances in the various fields represented. It explores how cardiac hormones are changed in various cardiac pathologies and how there has been some success in using these therapeutically. Additional focus is placed on how the heart responds both physiologically and pathophysiologically to a plethora of circulating hormones, reinforcing the importance of the heart as a target of numerous endocrine systems such as the brain, renal, and adipose. The endocrine function of the heart in both health and disease has developed a large body of research focusing on the heart both as an endocrine organ and endocrine target. Significant advances have come from basic, clinical, and translational research from a multiplicity of investigators with diverse backgrounds. Endocrinology of the Heart in Health and Disease features over 200 photomicrographs, diagrams of molecular relationships, and tables that complement and support the text. The book is aimed at a wide audience including graduate students and post-doctoral fellows in a wide array of biomedical departments and PhD programs (e.g. Pathology, Physiology, Genetics, Pharmacology, Molecular Biology, Cell biology) related to the endocrine and cardiovascular sciences curricula, as well as medical residents in pathology, laboratory medicine, internal medicine, and cardiology.Develops the concept of the heart as both an endocrine organ and an endocrine target, exploring the endocrine function of the heart in both health and disease Explains how the levels of several cardiac hormones are changed in various cardiac pathologies and how some hormones can be used therapeutically Offers a single resource on cardio-endocrine disease which collates and curates the wide range of advances being made in the areas of molecular biology, biochemistry, physiology, and pathology

Recenzijas

" For investigators in molecular biology, particularly as the field of molecular biology continues to interplay with clinical disease and outcomes, this book provides a solid foundation for the basic science of the heart as a secretory organ, rather than a focus of hemodynamic and coronary perfusion. Score: 81 - 3 Stars" --Doody's

Papildus informācija

Offers a single resource on cardio-endocrinology disease, explaining the heart as both an endocrine organ and an endocrine target
List of Contributors
xv
Foreword xix
Preface xxi
Acknowledgments xxiii
PART I THE HEART AS AN ENDOCRINE ORGAN
Chapter 1 Cardiac Natriuretic Peptides
3(38)
C.J. Pemberton
C.J. Charles
A.M. Richards
Historical Perspective
3(1)
Gene Structure of Natriuretic Peptides
4(3)
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
4(1)
Brain or B-Type Natriuretic Peptide
5(1)
C-Type Natriuretic Peptide
6(1)
Translation, Processing, and Storage of Cardiac Natriuretic Peptides
7(2)
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
7(1)
Brain or B-Type Natriuretic Peptide
8(1)
C-Type Natriuretic Peptide
9(1)
Circulating Concentrations, Forms, and Metabolism of Natriuretic Peptides
9(3)
Circulating Levels
9(1)
Circulating Forms and Metabolism
9(2)
Natriuretic Peptide Receptors
11(1)
Circulating Natriuretic Peptide Signal Peptides
12(1)
Assays Measuring Natriuretic Peptides in the Circulation
12(1)
Bioactivity
12(2)
Hemodynamic
13(1)
Renal
13(1)
Endocrine
14(1)
Integrative Role in Physiology and Pathophysiology
14(1)
Natriuretic Peptide as Therapeutic Agents
14(2)
Enhancing Bioactivity
16(2)
NEP-I
17(1)
Combined ACE and NEP Inhibitors
17(1)
Combined ARB and NEP Inhibitors---New Frontier in Heart Failure Therapy
17(1)
Natriuretic Peptides as Biomarkers in Heart Failure
18(10)
Natriuretic Peptides in Diagnosis of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
18(5)
BNP and NT-proBNP for Community Screening for Cardiac Impairment
23(2)
B-Type Natriuretic Peptides for Prognosis in Heart Failure
25(1)
Marker Guided Therapy in Heart Failure
26(2)
References
28(13)
Chapter 2 Adrenomedullin
41(18)
T. Nishikimi
K. Kuwahara
Y. Nakagawa
K. Kangawa
K. Nakao
Introduction
41(1)
Molecular Forms, Structure, and Structure-Activity Relationships of Adrenomedullin
41(3)
The Adrenomedullin Receptor
44(1)
Cardiac Actions of Adrenomedullin
45(2)
Effect of Adrenomedullin on Cardiac Contractility
45(1)
Effect of Adrenomedullin on Cardiac Structure
46(1)
Pathophysiological Function of Adrenomedullin in Cardiac Disease
47(3)
Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure
47(2)
Acute Myocardial Infarction
49(1)
Ischemia/Reperfusion
49(1)
Clinical Applications of Adrenomedullin to Cardiac Disease
50(4)
Effect of Adrenomedullin Administration in Patients With Heart Failure
50(1)
Clinical Application of Adrenomedullin in Acute Myocardial Infarction
51(1)
Clinical Trials With Adrenomedullin
51(3)
Conclusion
54(1)
References
54(5)
Chapter 3 Endothelin-1 as a Cardiac-Derived Autocrine, Paracrine and Intracrine Factor in Heart Health and Disease
59(28)
M. Karmazyn
Introduction
59(2)
Cardiac Production of ET-1
61(3)
Cardiac ET-1 Production in Heart Disease
64(1)
Expression of Cardiac ET Receptors
64(1)
Intracellular ET Receptors: Evidence for an Intracrine Role of ET-1 in the Cardiac Cell
65(1)
Cardiac Effects of ET-1
65(2)
Mechanisms Underlying Inotropic Responses
66(1)
Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles of Cardiac-Derived ET-1: General Concepts
67(6)
ET-1 and the Aging Heart
67(1)
Association of ET-1 With Cardiac Diseases
68(1)
ET-1 in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure
68(4)
Endogenous Modulation of ET-1: Keeping ET-1 in Check?
72(1)
Potential Beneficial Effects of ET-1 in Cardiac Function
73(1)
Development of Clinical Strategies Aimed at Targeting ET-1
74(1)
Clinical Evaluation of ET Receptor Antagonists for Treating Heart Disease
74(2)
Potential Reasons for Failed Clinical Trials
75(1)
Concluding Comments
76(1)
Acknowledgements
76(1)
References
77(10)
Chapter 4 The Cardiokines: An Expanding Family of the Heart Secretome
87(28)
F. Al-Mohanna
Introduction
87(1)
Cellular Components of the Heart Involved in the Cardiac Secretome
87(3)
Myofibroblasts, Myocytes and Vascular Cells
87(2)
Cardiac Conduction Cells
89(1)
Cardiac Adipocytes
90(1)
Resident Immune Cells
90(1)
Extracellular Matrix
90(1)
The Autocrine, Paracrine, and Endocrine Heart: Components of the Cardiac Secretome
90(1)
Growth Factor Generation in the Heart
91(5)
Transforming Growth Factor-Beta
91(1)
Vascular Endothelial Cell Growth Factor
92(3)
Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 and FGF-16
95(1)
Inflammatory Mediators Generated in the Heart
96(7)
The Inflammasome
96(3)
IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-33
99(1)
Interleukin-6
100(1)
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-α) and Soluble CD40 Ligand (sCD40L)
100(1)
Mesencephalic Astrocyte-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (MANF), Secreted Frizzled Related Protein (SFRP)-2, and Protease Inhibitor 16 (PI-16)
101(1)
High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein
101(1)
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor
102(1)
Cardiac Exosomes and miRNA
103(1)
Insight Into Future Directions
103(2)
Acknowledgement
105(1)
References
105(10)
Chapter 5 Novel Small Peptide Hormones
G.L.C. Yosten
L.M. Stein
W.K. Samson
Introduction
115(1)
Endocrine Factors Regulating Blood Pressure and Cardiac Function: Neuronostatin and Adropin
115(7)
Neuronostatin: Discovery and Sites of Production
115(2)
Neuronostatin and the Central Control of Blood Pressure
117(1)
Neuronostatin and Cardiac Function
118(1)
Assessing the Physiologic Relevance of Neuronostatin
118(2)
Adropin: A Cardio-Metabolic Peptide
120(1)
Adropin: An Independent Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease
120(2)
Novel Adipokines in the Control of Cardiovascular Function: Nesfatin-1 and Omentin
122(5)
Adipose Tissue as an Endocrine Organ
122(1)
Nesfatin-1: Discovery, Production, and Signaling
122(2)
Nesfatin-1 and the Central Control of Blood Pressure
124(1)
Nesfatin-1 and Cardiac Function
124(1)
Omentin: Discovery, Expression, and Signaling
124(1)
Omentin and the Vasculature
125(1)
The Protective Effect of Omentin in the Heart
125(2)
Role of Myokines in Cardiovascular Health: Irisin
127(2)
Skeletal Muscle as an Endocrine Organ
127(1)
Irisin, a Novel Myokine
127(1)
Irisin and Maintenance of the Vascular Endothelium
127(2)
Modulatory Peptides Encoded by Upstream Short Open Reading Frames of Hormone Receptors: PEP7
129(2)
Summary and Conclusions
131(1)
References
132(7)
PART II THE HEART AS AN ENDOCRINE TARGET
Chapter 6 Gut-Derived Hormones---Cardiac Effects of Ghrelin and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1
139(28)
G. Ruozi
F. Bortolotti
F.A. Recchia
Ghrelin
139(9)
Gene Structure and Derived-Peptides
140(2)
Ghrelin Receptors
142(1)
Type 1a GHS Receptor (GHS-R1a)
142(1)
Non type 1a GHS Receptors
143(1)
Ghrelin Effects on the Cardiovascular System
144(1)
Vasoactive Function
145(1)
Modulation of the Sympathetic Control of Cardiovascular Function
145(1)
Inotropic Regulation
146(1)
Antiinflammatory Action
146(1)
Antiapoptotic Effects in Cardiac Cells
146(1)
Ghrelin in the Pathophysiology of Chronic Heart Failure
147(1)
Ghrelin in the Pathophysiology of Myocardial Infarction
148(1)
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1
148(8)
Gene Structure and Derived-Peptides
149(1)
GLP-1 Receptor
150(1)
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RAs)
150(2)
DPP-4 Inhibitors (Gliptins)
152(1)
Cardiovascular Effects of GLP-1
153(1)
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
153(1)
Myocardial Infarction
154(1)
Chronic Heart Failure
155(1)
References
156(11)
Chapter 7 Fat Hormones, Adipokines
167(40)
I. Kyrou
H.S. Mattu
K. Chatha
H.S. Randeva
Introduction
167(1)
Obesity as a Chronic Proinflammatory State
168(2)
Proinflammatory Adipokines
170(11)
Leptin
170(4)
Resistin
174(1)
Visfatin
175(2)
Adipocyte-Fatty Acid Binding Protein
177(4)
Anti-Inflammatory Adipokines
181(10)
Adiponectin
181(4)
Omentin
185(3)
Chemerin
188(1)
Vaspin
189(2)
Conclusion
191(1)
References
192(15)
Chapter 8 Neuronal Hormones and the Sympathetic/Parasympathetic Regulation of the Heart
207(22)
M.J. Ranek
A. Vu
M.S. Willis
A. Lymperopoulos
Introduction
207(1)
Electrical System of the Heart
207(1)
Sympathetic Nervous System of the Heart
208(14)
Parasympathetic Nervous System of the Heart
213(1)
Measuring Autonomic Nervous System Regulation of the Heart
214(1)
Circadian Rhythm Regulation of the Autonomic System
215(3)
Other Endocrine Organs and the Heart: Posterior Pituitary
218(1)
Miscellaneous Hormones and the Heart
218(2)
Physiology and Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Function Involving the Autonomic System: Pregnancy and the Baroreflex
220(1)
Diabetic Autonomic Dysfunction/Metabolic Syndrome (A Sympathetic Disease?) and Its Effects on the Heart
221(1)
Postural Tachycardia
221(1)
Effect of Sleep Deprivation on Cardiovascular Regulation
221(1)
Concluding Remarks
222(1)
References
222(7)
Chapter 9 Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System and Heart Function
229(20)
W.C. DeMello
The Conventional Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System
229(2)
RAAS and Heart Cell Communication
231(1)
ATI Receptor as a Mechanosensor
232(1)
Role of ACE Inhibitors and ATI Receptor Blockers
233(1)
ACE2/Ang (1-7) /Mas Receptor Axis Activation
234(1)
Local Cardiac RAAS, the Intracrine Component
235(2)
Intracellular Renin Alters Chemical Communication and Metabolic Cooperation
237(1)
Mitochondria, the Nucleus and the Intracrine Renin-Angiotensin System
238(1)
Aldosterone and Mineralocorticoid Receptor
238(2)
New Developments
240(2)
Angiotensin (1--12)
240(1)
Neprilysin Inhibitors
241(1)
(Pro)renin Receptor
241(1)
Renin Inhibition
241(1)
References
242(7)
Chapter 10 Nuclear Receptors and the Adaptive Response of the Heart
249(36)
T. Parry
D. Ledee
M.S. Willis
M.A. Portman
Nuclear Receptors: Introduction
249(2)
PGC Coactivators in the Developing and Diseased Heart
251(1)
Estrogen Receptors
252(4)
Structure and Function
252(1)
Estrogen Cell Signaling
253(1)
Calcium Handling
254(1)
Regulation of Mitochondrial Mass, Ca2+, and Apoptosis
254(1)
Ischemic Heart Disease
255(1)
Estrogen-Related Receptors
256(2)
Structure and Function
256(1)
Fatty Acid Oxidation
256(1)
Transcriptional Control of Metabolism
257(1)
Pathology
258(1)
Glucocorticoid Receptors
258(4)
Structure and Function
258(1)
Genomic and Nongenomic Signaling
259(1)
Cardiomyocyte Ca2+ Handling and Contractile Function
260(1)
Pathology
261(1)
Mineralocorticoid Receptors
262(2)
Structure and Function
262(1)
Genomic and Nongenomic Signaling
262(1)
Pathophysiology: Inflammation and Fibrosis
263(1)
Mineralocorticoid Antagonists in Treating Heart Failure
264(1)
Thyroid Hormone Receptors
264(3)
Mechanisms of Thyroid Hormone Action
264(2)
Pathophysiology
266(1)
THR Mutations
266(1)
TH and THR Nonnuclear Regulation
267(1)
PPAR Family Receptors
267(5)
Domain Structure
268(1)
Physiological Functions
269(1)
PPAR Ligands
270(1)
Posttranslational Mechanisms of PPAR Regulation
271(1)
Emerging and Associated Players
272(1)
Vitamin D Receptors
272(1)
Summary
273(1)
References
273(12)
Chapter 11 Adrenergic Receptors
285(32)
M. Ciccarelli
D. Sorriento
E. Coscioni
G. Iaccarino
G. Santulli
Adrenergic Signaling: Systematic and Updated Overview
285(2)
Sympathetic System and Hypertension
287(3)
Role of Adrenergic System in Regulation of Vascular Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress
287(1)
Adrenergic Signaling and ROS
287(2)
The Role of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 in Vascular Homeostasis
289(1)
Adrenergic Signaling in Heart Failure
290(14)
Adrenergic System in the Heart: Beyond the Regulation of Contractility
293(2)
Adrenergic Receptors and Cardiac Metabolism
295(3)
Role of Adrenergic Receptors in the Pathophysiology of Cardiac Hypertrophy
298(3)
GRK2 Subcellular Localization: A Molecular Link Between Myocardial Contractility and Cardiac Metabolism
301(3)
Pharmacology of Adrenergic Receptor Blockade
304(2)
α-Adrenergic Receptor Blockade
304(1)
β-Adrenergic Receptor Blockade
304(2)
References
306(11)
Chapter 12 Insulin Signaling in Cardiac Health and Disease
317(30)
J. Bartlett
P. Trivedi
T. Pulinilkunnil
Abbreviations
317(2)
Introduction
319(1)
Functional Importance of Insulin Receptor Signaling in the Heart
320(2)
Metabolic Effects of Insulin Signaling in the Myocardium
322(5)
Effects of Insulin on Glucose Transport
322(1)
Effects of Insulin on Glucose Utilization
323(1)
Effects of Insulin on Fatty Acid Utilization
324(1)
Effects of Insulin on Protein Synthesis
325(2)
Cardiac Insulin Signaling During Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
327(3)
Insulin Signaling and Cardiac Hypertrophy
330(3)
Cardio-Protective Role of Insulin Signaling in Ischemia Reperfusion and Contractile Failure
333(3)
Scope and Future Perspectives
336(1)
References
336(11)
Index 347
Jonathan Schisler has experience in studying metabolism, gene expression signatures, and ubiquitin ligases over the past 14 years. His expertise lies in integration of complex genomic-biologic data to elucidate risk relationships in both murine and human systems with a focus on cardiovascular disease and protein quality control mechanisms. His primary focus is to develop models to integrate datasets derived from clinical genomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics allowing our lab to further interrogate gene and protein function in health and disease using molecular, cellular and biochemical approaches. Charles H. Lang, PhD, is currently a Distinguished University Professor in the Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, and Professor of Surgery at the Penn State College of Medicine (Hershey, PA). He is also the Associate Dean for Graduate Studies. His research has focused on the mechanisms underlying changes in glucose and protein metabolism in skeletal and cardiac muscle, and the role of cytokines in the regulation of the insulin-like growth factor system in regulating muscle metabolism. He has worked extensively on the regulation of translational control of protein synthesis and the development of anabolic resistance during various catabolic states, including sepsis, thermal injury, disuse atrophy, alcoholism and HIV infection. Dr. Lang received his PhD from Hahnemann Medical College and did his NRSA-supported fellowship at LSU Medical Center in New Orleans. Before joining Penn State University, he was Director of Surgical Research at SUNY-Stony Brook. Dr. Lang has been continuously funded by the NIH for 30 years and is the current recipient of an NIH MERIT Award from NIAAA. He has been a permanent member of 2 NIH study sections: Surgery, Anesthesiology and Trauma, and Alcohol and Toxicology IV, and is currently the Chair of the AA-1 study section at NIH. Dr. Lang is currently the Editor-in-Chief of the American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism and on the board for numerous other journals. He is a member of more than ten professional societies. He has served in leadership roles in national scientific organizations as exemplified by his term as President for the Shock Society. Dr. Lang has published more than 300 peer-reviewed articles related to altered muscle metabolism during sepsis, alcohol and catabolic illness, and trained more than 20 postdoctoral fellows, surgical residents and graduate students. Monte S. Willis, MD, PhD, MBA is Vice-Chair of Academic Affairs and Associate Professor in the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the Univeristy of North Carolina-Chapel Hill. He is Director of Campus Health Services Laboratory and the McLendon Clinical Laboratories and principal investigator in the McAllister Heart Institute, where he leads a research team studying the role of the ubiquitin proteasome system in metabolism and the pathophysiology of cardiac disease (supported by NIH and the Fondation Leducq) and teaches in the School of Medicine and Graduate School. Dr. Willis received his combined MD and PhD training at the University of Nebraska Medical Center. He went on to complete a residency in the Department of Pathology and post-doctoral training in in Burns, Trauma, and Critical Care in the Department of Surgery at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. He has received multiple honors for his research, including the Cotran Early Career Investigator Award from the American Society of Investigative Pathology, and the Jefferson-Pilot Fellowship in Academic Medicine from the University of North Carolina School of Medicine. He is active on the editorial boards of the American Journal of Pathology, Cardiovascular Pathology, Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, American Journal of Physiology-Endocrine and Metabolism and co-chairs an American Heart Association Study Section. Dr. Willis has published more than 210 manuscripts in clinical, translational, and the basic sciences and edited multiple medical textbooks, including Molecular and Translational Vascular Medicine (2012); Translational Cardiology: Molecular Basis of Cardiac Metabolism, Cardiac Remodeling, Translational Therapies, and Imaging Techniques (2012), and the Cellular and Molecular Pathobiology of Cardiovascular disease (2013).