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Energy from Nuclear Fission: An Introduction 1st ed. 2016 [Hardback]

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  • Formāts: Hardback, 278 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, weight: 6215 g, 55 Illustrations, black and white; XV, 278 p. 55 illus., 1 Hardback
  • Sērija : Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics
  • Izdošanas datums: 28-Jun-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Springer International Publishing AG
  • ISBN-10: 3319306499
  • ISBN-13: 9783319306490
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Energy from Nuclear Fission: An Introduction 1st ed. 2016Palielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 278 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, weight: 6215 g, 55 Illustrations, black and white; XV, 278 p. 55 illus., 1 Hardback
  • Sērija : Undergraduate Lecture Notes in Physics
  • Izdošanas datums: 28-Jun-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Springer International Publishing AG
  • ISBN-10: 3319306499
  • ISBN-13: 9783319306490
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9783319306490.html
Keywords:
This book provides an overview on nuclear physics and energy production from nuclear fission. It serves as a readable and reliable source of information for anyone who wants to have a well-balanced opinion about exploitation of nuclear fission in power plants. The text is divided into two parts; the first covers the basics of nuclear forces and properties of nuclei, nuclear collisions, nuclear stability, radioactivity, and provides a detailed discussion of nuclear fission and relevant topics in its application to energy production. The second part covers the basic technical aspects of nuclear fission reactors, nuclear fuel cycle and resources, safety, safeguards, and radioactive waste management. The book also contains a discussion of the biological effects of nuclear radiation and of radiation protection, and a summary of the ten most relevant nuclear accidents. The book is suitable for undergraduates in physics, nuclear engineering and other science subjects. However, the mathem

atics is kept at a level that can be easily followed by wider circles of readers. The addition of solved problems, strategically placed throughout the text, and the collections of problems at the end of the chapters allow readers to appreciate the quantitative aspects of various phenomena and processes. Many illustrations and graphs effectively supplement the text and help visualising specific points.

Part I. Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity.- 1. The Building Blocks of Matter.- 2. Radioactivity and Penetrating Power of Nuclear Radiation.- 3. Nuclear Reactions and Fission.- Part II. Nuclear Energy from Nuclear Fission.- 4. Nuclear Reactors.- 5. Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection.- 6. Management of Radioactive Waste.- Glossary.

Recenzijas

In Energy from Nuclear Fission: An Introduction, authors Enzo De Sanctis, Stefano Monti, and Marco Ripani survey their subject in a novel manner. What is striking about the book is the quality of the writing and the presentation of material. The graceful prose makes reading their book a pleasure. The sections are illustrated with graphs, pictures, and worked examples . Energy from Nuclear Fission is a unique, rich, and valuable resource. (Noel Corngold, Physics Today, Vol. 70 (3), March, 2017)

A refreshing introduction in the physics of nuclear reactions and nuclear energy. The intended readers of this book, whether they are undergraduates, scientists or simply the curious should find therein not just a very good source of information but also an excellent collection of clear explanations of all aspects of nuclear energy. The book will be a welcome contribution to the libraries of all interested in a subject that has become controversial and misunderstood sincemany years. (Jef Ongena, Europhysics News, Vol. 48 (1), 2017)

The book provides a complete overview of the many aspects and issues involved in the deployment of nuclear power. authoritative sources of information are given throughout the text to stimulate the reader to expand his/her knowledge . the book can serve as a readable and reliable source of information for anyone who wants to have a well balanced opinion about exploitation of nuclear fission in power production. (Gianluca Alimonti, Nuclear Physics News, Vol. 26 (4), 2016)

Part I Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity
1 The Building Blocks of Matter
3(36)
1.1 The Atom and Its Constituents
3(4)
1.1.1 Insight: Viewing the Atoms
5(2)
1.2 The Nucleus
7(2)
1.3 The Periodic Table of the Elements
9(2)
1.4 Nuclear Size and Density
11(4)
1.4.1 Insight: Measuring the Nuclear Radius
12(3)
1.5 The Nuclear Force and the Diagram of Nuclei
15(2)
1.6 Nuclear Masses and Mass Defect
17(2)
1.7 The Mass-Energy Equivalence
19(3)
1.8 Nuclear Binding Energy
22(7)
1.9 The Nuclear Valley of Stability
29(1)
1.10 Nuclear Reactions
30(4)
1.11 Nuclear Abundance
34(5)
References
38(1)
2 Radioactivity and Penetrating Power of Nuclear Radiation
39(50)
2.1 Nuclear Decay
39(8)
2.1.1 α-Decay
40(2)
2.1.2 β--Decay
42(1)
2.1.3 β--Decay
43(1)
2.1.4 Electron Capture
44(1)
2.1.5 γ-Decay
45(1)
2.1.6 Internal Conversion
46(1)
2.1.7 Nucleon Emission
46(1)
2.1.8 Spontaneous Fission
46(1)
2.1.9 Summary
47(1)
2.2 The Radioactive Decay Law
47(5)
2.2.1 Activity
49(3)
2.3 Radioactive Families
52(2)
2.4 Sequential Decays
54(3)
2.5 Accumulation of Decay Products in a Series of Decays
57(4)
2.5.1 Approximate Method for Short Accumulation Times
58(3)
2.6 Penetrating Power of Nuclear Radiation
61(3)
2.7 Dosimetry
64(4)
2.8 Natural and Artificial Radioactivity
68(2)
2.8.1 Natural Radioactivity
68(1)
2.8.2 Artificial Radioactivity
69(1)
2.9 Average Annual Radiation Dose
70(4)
2.10 Biological Effects of Radiation
74(2)
2.11 Applications of Ionising Radiation in Medicine, Research and Industry
76(13)
2.11.1 Medical Applications
76(2)
2.11.2 Research Applications
78(1)
2.11.3 Industrial Applications
79(1)
2.11.4 Radioactive Dating
80(6)
References
86(3)
3 Nuclear Reactions and Fission
89(58)
3.1 Nuclear Collisions
89(3)
3.2 Cross Section
92(4)
3.2.1 A Convenient Unit for Target Thickness
94(2)
3.3 The Fission Process
96(3)
3.4 Fission Products
99(5)
3.4.1 Energy Released by Nuclear Fission
100(4)
3.5 Fission Induced by Neutron Capture
104(9)
3.5.1 Uranium Fission Cross Section
106(7)
3.6 The Chain Reaction
113(2)
3.7 The Slowing Down of Neutrons
115(7)
3.8 The Thermal Nuclear Reactor
122(3)
3.8.1 The Fuel
122(1)
3.8.2 The Moderator
123(1)
3.8.3 The Absorber
123(1)
3.8.4 The Coolant
123(2)
3.9 The Physics of a Thermal Nuclear Reactor
125(3)
3.10 Reactor Control and Delayed Neutron Emission
128(3)
3.10.1 Reactivity
130(1)
3.11 Fast Reactors
131(3)
3.11.1 Doubling Time
133(1)
3.12 Fuel Burnup
134(13)
3.12.1 Transmutation
135(1)
3.12.2 Plutonium Isotope Production
136(1)
3.12.3 Fission Fragments
137(6)
References
143(4)
Part II Energy from Nuclear Fission
4 Nuclear Reactors
147(42)
4.1 Classification of Nuclear Reactors
147(1)
4.2 Nuclear Power Plants
148(6)
4.3 Comparison of Various Electricity Generating Technologies
154(2)
4.4 Nuclear Reactor Technologies and Types
156(11)
4.4.1 Light-Water Reactors (LWR)
158(1)
4.4.2 Pressurised Water Reactors (PWR)
158(1)
4.4.3 Boiling Water Reactors (BWR)
159(1)
4.4.4 Pressurised Heavy-Water Reactors (PHWR)
160(1)
4.4.5 Light-Water Graphite-moderated Reactors (LWGR)
161(2)
4.4.6 Gas-Cooled Reactors (GCR)
163(1)
4.4.7 Fast Neutron Reactors (FNR)
164(3)
4.5 Generations of Nuclear Reactors
167(3)
4.6 The Nuclear Fuel Cycle
170(7)
4.6.1 Uranium Mining
171(1)
4.6.2 Uranium Milling
171(1)
4.6.3 Conversion
171(1)
4.6.4 Enrichment
171(1)
4.6.5 Fuel Fabrication
172(1)
4.6.6 Electricity Generation
173(1)
4.6.7 Spent Fuel Storage
174(1)
4.6.8 Reprocessing
174(1)
4.6.9 Spent Fuel and High-level Waste Disposal
174(3)
4.7 Main Fuel Cycles: Open Cycle Versus Closed Fuel Cycle
177(2)
4.8 World Reserves of Nuclear Fuel
179(10)
4.8.1 Uranium Resources
179(2)
4.8.2 Thorium Resources
181(1)
4.8.3 Uranium Demand
182(5)
References
187(2)
5 Nuclear Safety and Security
189(40)
5.1 Nuclear Safety Regulations
189(2)
5.2 Safety and Radiation Protection Objectives
191(2)
5.3 The Concept of Defence-in-Depth
193(3)
5.4 Reactor Safety
196(3)
5.4.1 Control of the Reactor
196(1)
5.4.2 Removal of Heat Generated in the Core
197(1)
5.4.3 Containing the Radioactivity
198(1)
5.5 Safety in the Design, Operation and Decommissioning
199(3)
5.6 Responsibility for Safety and Regulation
202(1)
5.7 Types of Nuclear Accidents and Accident Management
203(1)
5.8 Previous Experience and Safety Record
203(6)
5.8.1 The International Nuclear Event Scale (INES)
205(4)
5.9 The Nuclear Accidents
209(11)
5.9.1 Kyshtym (1957), Russia
209(1)
5.9.2 Windscale Pile (1957), UK
210(1)
5.9.3 Three Mile Island (1979), USA
210(2)
5.9.4 Saint-Laurent (1980), France
212(1)
5.9.5 Chernobyl (1986), Ukraine
212(2)
5.9.6 Vandellos (1989), Spain
214(1)
5.9.7 Tokai-Mura (1999), Japan
215(1)
5.9.8 Davis-Besse (2002), USA
215(1)
5.9.9 Paks (2003), Hungary
215(1)
5.9.10 Fukushima Daiichi (2011), Japan
215(5)
5.10 Safety Relative to Other Energy Sources
220(2)
5.11 Nuclear Security and Safeguards
222(7)
References
227(2)
6 Management of Radioactive Waste
229(28)
6.1 Types of Radioactive Waste
229(4)
6.1.1 Very Low-Level Waste (VLLW)
231(1)
6.1.2 Low-Level Waste (LLW)
231(1)
6.1.3 Intermediate-Level Waste (ILW)
232(1)
6.1.4 High-Level Waste (HLW)
233(1)
6.2 Composition of Spent Fuel
233(3)
6.3 Amounts of Radioactive Waste Generated by Nuclear Power Plants
236(6)
6.4 Radioactive Waste Disposal
242(4)
6.5 The Oklo Natural Fission Reactors
246(2)
6.6 Research on Partitioning and Transmutation
248(9)
6.6.1 Fast Reactors and Subcritical Reactors Driven by Particle Accelerators
250(1)
6.6.2 Impact of Partitioning and Transmutation on Geological Disposal
251(4)
References
255(2)
Glossary 257
Enzo De Sanctis is Director of Research Emeritus at the Frascati Laboratory of INFN, Member of the Energy Group of the European Physical Society, and Associate-Editor of the Journals EPJ-Plus, Il Nuovo Cimento and Il Nuovo Saggiatore. He served in a number of national and international scientific committees, among which: EPJ-A (Editor in Chief), Italian Physical Society (Vice President and Councilor); INFN Board of Directors; OECD Megascience Forum; Editorial Board of Physical Review C; CERN-NuPECC Working Group for the ELFE project (Director); Programme Advisory Committee of JLab; Council of Frascati Laboratory, INFN National Committee for Nuclear Physics. He has been working on experimental nuclear and hadron physics for more than 45 years, leading research projects at the accelerators of Frascati, Saclay, Bonn, DESY (Hamburg) and Jlab (Newport News, VA, USA). He has published more than 300 papers on refereed, international journals. He is also co-author of six physicsbooks for university students and he has co-edited ten proceedings of Conferences/Workshops.

Stefano Monti is the Scientific Secretary of the IAEAs Technical Working Group on Fast Reactors (TWG-FR) and member of the Publication Committee. He received his degree in Nuclear Engineering at University of Bologna in 1982. He. For over 30 years he has been working on several national and international projects and programmes on advanced nuclear systems, leading a number of international research groups. As Director of Research at ENEA, he was Head of Nuclear Fission Division, President of SIET, and scientific coordinator of the R&D programme on nuclear fission. He served in a number of national and international nuclear committees, among which: the INFN Board of Directors, the Steering Committee and the NDC Committee of the OECD-NEA, the IAEA TWG-FR, the Sustainable Nuclear Energy Technology Platform, the European Sustainable Nuclear Industrial Initiative and the European Energy Research Alliance (EERA) on Nuclear Materials. Marco Ripani is senior staff scientist at the Genova unit of INFN. He has been working on experimental nuclear and hadron physics for more than 20 years, participating to research projects at the accelerators of Frascati, NIKHEF, ESRF (Grenoble, France) and leading research projects at JLab (Newport News, VA, USA). He is currently leading the national INFN project on energy-related topics, within which he carries on research on subcritical reactors and neutron detectors. He served in a number of national and international scientific committees, among which the Group of Experts for the Art. 37 of the Euratom Treaty on the disposal of radioactive waste. He has been referee for grant applications to several research funding agencies worldwide. He has published more than 200 papers on refereed international journals.